Tom qab ob lub hlis ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, Linus Torvalds tswvcuab kernel tso tawm Linux 5.14. Ntawm cov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: quotactl_fd() tshiab thiab memfd_secret() kev hu xov tooj, tshem tawm cov tswv yim thiab cov tsav tsheb nyoos, tshiab I / O qhov tseem ceeb tswj rau cgroup, SCHED_CORE hom kev teem caij ua haujlwm, kev tsim kho vaj tse rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj BPF program loaders.
Tus tshiab version suav nrog 15883 kho los ntawm 2002 tus tsim tawm, thaj loj yog 69 MB (qhov kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam rau 12580 cov ntaub ntawv, 861501 kab ntawm cov lej tau ntxiv, 321654 kab raug tshem tawm). Kwv yees li 47% ntawm tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv tau qhia hauv 5.14 muaj feem xyuam rau cov cuab yeej tsav tsheb, kwv yees li 14% ntawm cov kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam txog kev hloov kho cov cai tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv kho vajtse, 13% muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog pawg sib txuas, 3% cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv, thiab 3% muaj feem xyuam nrog cov kernel subsystems.
- disk subsystem, input/output thiab cov ntaub ntawv systems:
- rau cgroup ua raws tshiab I/O tus tswj hwm qhov tseem ceeb - rq-qos, uas tuaj yeem tswj xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev thov los thaiv cov khoom siv los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm txhua pawg. Kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb tshiab tau muab ntxiv rau mq-deadline I/O teem sijhawm;
- ntawm ext4 file system ua raws tshiab ioctl hais kom ua EXT4_IOC_CHECKPOINT, uas yuam kom tag nrho cov kev lag luam tseem tos los ntawm lub cav thiab cuam tshuam cov buffers rau disk, thiab tseem sau cov cheeb tsam siv los ntawm lub cav hauv kev cia. Qhov kev hloov pauv tau npaj ua ib feem ntawm kev pib los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv xau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus;
- hauv Btrfs qhia paub Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua tau zoo: Los ntawm kev tshem tawm qhov tsis tsim nyog nkag ntawm cov khoom txuas ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav fsync, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm hnyav nrog cov cwj pwm txuas ntxiv tau nce mus txog 17%. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum ua cov haujlwm trim uas tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov txuas, tag nrho synchronization yog neeg xiam, uas txo lub sijhawm ua haujlwm los ntawm 12%. Ib qho chaw tau ntxiv rau sysfs kom txwv I/O bandwidth thaum kuaj xyuas FS. Ntxiv ioctl hu rau tshem tawm resizing thiab tshem tawm cov haujlwm ua haujlwm;
- hauv XFS rov ua dua kev siv ntawm qhov tsis muaj cache, uas yog pauv mus rau kev faib cov nplooj ntawv nco hauv batch hom. Txhim kho cache efficiency;
- F2FS tau ntxiv ib qho kev xaiv los ua haujlwm hauv hom nyeem nkaus xwb thiab siv lub tshuab kaw caching hom (compress_cache) txhawm rau txhim kho kev nyeem ntawv random. Kev them nyiaj yug tau siv rau compressing cov ntaub ntawv mapped rau lub cim xeeb siv mmap() ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau xaiv lov tes taw cov ntaub ntawv compression los ntawm daim npog qhov ncauj, qhov kev xaiv mount tshiab nocompress tau thov;
- kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav hauv exFAT tsav tsheb los txhim kho kev sib raug zoo nrog kev cia ntawm qee lub koob yees duab digital;
- ntxiv system hu quotactl_fd(), uas tso cai rau koj los tswj cov quotas tsis yog los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb, tab sis los ntawm kev qhia cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus uas siv cov quota;
- Cov tsav tsheb qub rau cov cuab yeej thaiv nrog IDE interface tau raug tshem tawm ntawm lub ntsiav; lawv tau ntev tau hloov los ntawm libata subsystem. Kev them nyiaj yug rau cov cuab yeej qub tau khaws cia tag nrho, qhov kev hloov pauv tsuas yog muaj peev xwm siv cov tsav tsheb qub, thaum siv cov drives hu ua /dev/hd*, thiab tsis yog /dev/sd*;
- Tus neeg tsav tsheb "raws" tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov ntsiav, muab kev nkag mus tsis tau los thaiv cov khoom siv los ntawm /dev/raw interface. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no tau ua tiav ntev hauv daim ntawv thov siv tus chij O_DIRECT;
- nco thiab kev pabcuam system:
- ib hom kev teem caij tshiab tau ua tiav hauv tus txheej txheem ua haujlwm SCHED_CORE, uas tso cai rau koj los tswj cov txheej txheem twg tuaj yeem khiav ua ke ntawm tib lub CPU core. Txhua tus txheej txheem tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau tus lej cim khoom qab zib uas txhais tau tias muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov txheej txheem (piv txwv li, koom nrog tib tus neeg siv lossis ntim khoom). Thaum npaj cov cai ua tiav, tus teem sijhawm tuaj yeem xyuas kom meej tias ib qho CPU tseem ceeb tsuas yog sib koom ntawm cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog tib tus tswv, uas tuaj yeem siv los thaiv qee qhov Spectre tawm tsam los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev ntseeg siab thiab tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab los ntawm kev khiav ntawm tib SMT (Hyper Threading) xov. ;
- rau cgroup mechanism, kev txhawb nqa rau kev tua tua tau raug siv, uas tso cai rau koj tua tag nrho cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog pab pawg ib zaug (xa SIGKILL) los ntawm kev sau "1" rau cov ntaub ntawv virtual cgroup.kill;
- Kev nthuav dav muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam txog kev teb rau kev tshawb pom ntawm kev sib cais xauv ("split locks") uas tshwm sim thaum nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo hauv lub cim xeeb vim qhov tseeb tias thaum ua tiav cov lus qhia atomic, cov ntaub ntawv hla ob CPU cache kab. Qhov kev thaiv no ua rau muaj kev poob qis hauv kev ua haujlwm, yog li yav dhau los nws muaj peev xwm ua kom yuam kev tawm ntawm daim ntawv thov uas ua rau muaj kev thaiv. Qhov kev tso tawm tshiab ntxiv cov kab hais kom ua kab lus "split_lock_detect=ratelimit: N", uas tso cai rau koj los txhais lub kaw lus thoob plaws ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev kaw haujlwm ib ob, tom qab dhau qhov txheej txheem uas dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cais kaw. raug yuam kom nres rau 20 ms es tsis txhob txiav;
- Tus cgroup bandwidth maub los CFS (CFS bandwidth controller), uas txiav txim siab npaum li cas lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tuaj yeem faib rau txhua pawg, muaj peev xwm los txhais cov kev txwv txwv los ntawm lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, uas tso cai rau kev tswj hwm ntawm latency-sensitive loads. Piv txwv li, kev teeb tsa cpu.cfs_quota_us rau 50000 thiab cpu.cfs_period_us rau 100000 yuav tso cai rau ib pawg txheej txheem kom nkim 100ms ntawm CPU sijhawm txhua 50ms;
- ntxiv pib cov txheej txheem rau tsim BPF program loaders, uas yuav tso cai rau rub tawm tsuas yog BPF cov kev pabcuam kos npe nrog tus yuam sij uas ntseeg siab;
- ntxiv cov haujlwm futex tshiab FUTEX_LOCK_PI2, uas siv lub sijhawm teem sijhawm monotonic los suav lub sijhawm, uas yuav siv sijhawm los siv los ntawm lub kaw lus hauv hom pw tsaug zog;
- rau RISC-V architecture, kev txhawb nqa rau nplooj ntawv nco loj (Transparent Huge-Pages) thiab muaj peev xwm siv cov KFENCE txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov yuam kev thaum ua haujlwm nrog kev nco;
- mus rau hauv madvise() system hu, uas muab ib tug txhais tau tias kom optimize txheej txheem nco, ntxiv MADV_POPULATE_READ thiab MADV_POPULATE_WRITE chij los tsim kom muaj "nplooj txhaum" ntawm txhua nplooj ntawv nco tau ua haujlwm rau kev nyeem lossis sau ua haujlwm, yam tsis tau ua qhov tseeb nyeem lossis sau (prefault). Kev siv cov chij tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txo qis hauv kev ua tiav ntawm qhov program, ua tsaug rau kev ua tiav ntawm "nplooj ntawv txhaum" tus neeg saib xyuas rau tag nrho cov nplooj ntawv tsis tau muab faib ua ib zaug, tsis tas tos qhov tseeb nkag mus rau lawv;
- nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev kuaj system koj ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau kev xeem khiav hauv QEMU ib puag ncig;
- tshiab tracers ntxiv: "osnoise" txhawm rau taug qab daim ntawv thov qeeb los ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev tuav, thiab "timerlat" los qhia cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev qeeb thaum sawv los ntawm lub sijhawm teeb tsa;
- virtualization thiab kev ruaj ntseg:
- ntxiv system hu memfd_secret(), uas tso cai rau koj los tsim ib qho chaw nco ntiag tug hauv qhov chaw nyob sib cais, pom tsuas yog rau tus tswv txheej txheem, tsis cuam tshuam rau lwm cov txheej txheem thiab tsis ncaj qha mus rau lub ntsiav;
- nyob rau hauv seccomp system hu filtering system, thaum tsiv xauv handlers rau hauv cov neeg siv qhov chaw, nws muaj peev xwm siv ib tug atomic ua hauj lwm los tsim ib cov ntaub ntawv descriptor rau ib tug cais txoj hauj lwm thiab xa rov qab thaum ua ib tug system hu. Lub tswv yim ua haujlwm daws teeb meem teeb meem nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm tus handler hauv qhov chaw neeg siv thaum lub teeb liab tuaj txog;
- ntxiv tshiab mechanism los tswj cov peev txheej txwv nyob rau hauv tus neeg siv ID namespace, uas khi tus kheej rlimit txee rau tus neeg siv hauv "tus neeg siv lub npe". Qhov kev hloov pauv daws qhov teeb meem nrog kev siv cov khoom siv sib xws thaum ib tus neeg siv ua cov txheej txheem hauv cov thawv sib txawv;
- KVM hypervisor rau ARM64 systems tau ntxiv lub peev xwm los siv MTE (MemTag, Memory Tagging Extension) txuas ntxiv hauv cov qhua tuaj noj mov, uas tso cai rau koj los khi cov cim npe rau txhua lub cim xeeb faib ua haujlwm thiab teeb tsa kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm kev siv cov taw qhia los thaiv kev siv ntawm vulnerabilities tshwm sim los ntawm kev nkag tau twb tso tseg blocks, overflows buffers, nkag mus ua ntej pib thiab siv sab nraum cov ntsiab lus tam sim no;
- Pointer Authentication muab los ntawm ARM64 platform tam sim no tuaj yeem teeb tsa nyias rau cov ntsiav thiab cov neeg siv qhov chaw. Cov thev naus laus zis tso cai rau koj siv cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ARM64 txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov chaw nyob xa rov qab siv cov ntawv kos npe digital uas tau khaws cia rau hauv cov khoom siv tsis tau siv ntawm tus taw tes nws tus kheej;
- hauv User-mode Linux ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau kev siv cov tsav tsheb rau PCI li nrog lub npav virtual PCI, siv los ntawm PCI-over-virtio tsav tsheb;
- rau x86 systems, ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau virtio-iommu paravirtualized ntaus ntawv, uas tso cai rau koj xa cov ntawv thov IOMMU, xws li ATTACH, DETACH, MAP thiab UNMAP, hla kev thauj khoom virtio yam tsis muaj emulating nco nplooj ntawv;
- Rau Intel CPUs, los ntawm tsev neeg Skylake mus rau Kas Fes Lake, kev siv Intel TSX (Transactional Synchronization Extensions), uas muab cov cuab yeej los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau cov xov tooj siv los ntawm dynamically tshem tawm cov haujlwm tsis tsim nyog synchronization, yog neeg xiam oob qhab los ntawm lub neej ntawd. Extensions raug kaw vim muaj kev tawm tsam Zombieload, manipulating the leakage of information from third-party channels uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm ntawm lub mechanism rau asynchronous cuam tshuam kev khiav hauj lwm (TAA, TSX Asynchronous Abort);
- network subsystem:
- txuas ntxiv kev koom ua ke rau hauv cov tub ntxhais ntawm MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm TCP raws tu qauv rau kev teeb tsa kev ua haujlwm ntawm TCP kev sib txuas nrog kev xa cov pob ntawv ib txhij ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev sib txawv network cuam tshuam nrog sib txawv IP chaw nyob. Hauv qhov teeb meem tshiab ntxiv ib lub tswv yim rau kev teeb tsa koj tus kheej txoj cai tswj hwm kev tsheb thauj mus los rau IPv4 thiab IPv6 (multipath hash txoj cai), ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los ntawm cov neeg siv qhov chaw los txiav txim siab seb cov teb twg hauv pob ntawv, suav nrog cov encapsulated, yuav siv thaum xam cov hash uas txiav txim siab txoj kev xaiv. rau pob ntawv;
- Kev them nyiaj yug lub qhov (socket) tau ntxiv rau lub tshuab thauj khoom virtual SOCK_SEQPACKET (txiav thiab txhim khu kev qha kis tau tus mob ntawm datagrams);
- Lub peev xwm ntawm SO_REUSEPORT socket mechanism tau nthuav dav, uas tso cai rau ntau lub mloog pob ntseg txuas mus rau ib qho chaw nres nkoj ib zaug kom tau txais kev sib txuas nrog kev faib tawm ntawm cov lus thov tuaj ib txhij thoob plaws txhua lub qhov (socket) txuas ntawm SO_REUSEPORT, uas ua kom yooj yim rau kev tsim cov ntawv thov ntau cov xov tooj server. . Nyob rau hauv lub tshiab version ntxiv txhais tau tias rau kev hloov kev tswj mus rau lwm lub qhov (socket) yog tias tsis ua hauj lwm thaum ua cov lus thov los ntawm lub qhov (socket) thawj zaug xaiv ( daws qhov teeb meem nrog kev poob ntawm ib tus neeg sib txuas thaum pib cov kev pabcuam);
- khoom siv:
- hauv amdgpu tsav tsheb ua raws kev txhawb nqa rau AMD tshiab Radeon RX 6000 series ntawm GPUs, codenamed "Beige Goby" (Navi 24) thiab "Daj Carp", nrog rau kev txhim kho kev txhawb nqa rau Aldebaran GPU (gfx90a) thiab Van Gogh APU. Ntxiv lub peev xwm los ua haujlwm ib txhij nrog ob peb eDP panels. Rau APU Renoir, kev txhawb nqa rau kev ua haujlwm nrog encrypted buffers hauv video nco (TMZ, Trusted Memory Zone) tau ua tiav. Ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau hot-unplug graphics phaib. Rau Radeon RX 6000 (Navi 2x) GPUs thiab cov laus AMD GPUs, kev txhawb nqa rau ASPM (Active State Power Management) lub zog txuag hluav taws xob yog qhib los ntawm lub neej ntawd, uas yav tas los tau qhib rau Navi 1x, Vega thiab Polaris GPUs;
- rau AMD chips, kev txhawb nqa rau kev sib koom virtual nco (SVM, sib koom virtual nco) tau ntxiv raws li HMM (Heterogeneous memory management) subsystem, uas tso cai rau kev siv cov khoom siv nrog lawv tus kheej lub cim xeeb tswj (MMU, kev tswj hwm lub cim xeeb), uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub cim xeeb loj. Nrog rau kev siv HMM, koj tuaj yeem npaj qhov chaw nyob sib koom ntawm GPU thiab CPU, uas GPU tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub cim xeeb tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem;
- ntxiv kev txhawb nqa thev naus laus zis AMD Smart Hloov, uas dynamically hloov lub zog noj tsis tau ntawm CPU thiab GPU ntawm lub laptops nrog ib tug chipset thiab ib tug AMD graphics card los txhawb kev ua tau zoo thaum gaming, video editing thiab 3D rendering;
- hauv i915 tsav tsheb rau Intel video phaib suav nrog txhawb Intel Alderlake P chips;
- ntxiv drm/hyperv tsav tsheb rau Hyper-V virtual graphics adapter;
- ntxiv simpledrm graphics tsav uas siv EFI-GOP lossis VESA framebuffer muab los ntawm UEFI firmware lossis BIOS rau cov zis. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb yog los muab cov duab tso tawm muaj peev xwm thaum lub sijhawm pib ntawm khau raj, ua ntej tus tsav tsheb DRM tag nrho tuaj yeem siv. Tus tsav tsheb kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem rau cov khoom siv uas tseem tsis tau muaj cov neeg tsav tsheb DRM;
- ntxiv tag nrho-hauv-ib lub computer txhawb nqa Txiv pos Pi 400;
- Ntxiv dell-wmi-kev ceev ntiag tug tsav tsheb los txhawb lub koob yees duab thiab microphone kho vajtse keyboards suav nrog hauv Dell laptops;
- rau Lenovo laptops ntxiv WMI interface rau kev hloov pauv BIOS tsis dhau ntawm sysfs / sys / chav kawm / firmware-attributes /;
- nthuav dav kev txhawb nqa rau cov khoom siv nrog USB4 interface;
- ntxiv kev them nyiaj yug rau suab phaib thiab codecs AmLogic SM1 TOACODEC, Intel AlderLake-M, NXP i.MX8, NXP TFA1, TDF9897, Rockchip RK817, Qualcomm Quinary MI2 thiab Texas Instruments TAS2505. Txhim kho suab txhawb ntawm HP thiab ASUS laptops. Ntxiv thaj ua rau thaj kom txo qis qeeb ua ntej lub suab pib ua si ntawm cov khoom siv nrog USB interface.
Qhov chaw - opennet.ru.
Tau qhov twg los: linux.org.ru ua