Kuv tus kheej impressions ntawm lub magazine tshaj 6-5 lub caij ntawm nws muaj nyob. Cov kab lus muaj cov lus thuam ntawm Murzilka thiab Funny Cov Duab, yog li cov lus thov tsis txaus siab ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv Soviet tau zoo dua los nyeem cov ntawv no.
Txhua qhov kev saib ua ntej hauv qab txiav yog txuas rau cov duab loj loj ntawm cov nplooj ntawv xov xwm sib raug.
1990: Golden lub sij hawm
Thaum kawg ntawm 80s, tag nrho thiab tsis muaj kev tswj hwm xav tau rau txoj kev xav tsis pub lwm tus paub txog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev coj noj coj ua tau tsim nyob rau hauv Soviet zej zog. Qhov no kuj cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm ntawm txhua qhov kev qhia. Tsim kom muaj kev sib tw muaj zog hauv kab ntawm cov menyuam yaus cov ntawv xov xwm yog nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem. Txoj haujlwm Tram tau txais kev txhawb nqa tsoomfwv siab thiab tau pib tam sim nrog kev ncig ntawm ob lab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntawv xov xwm tau pom zoo cov peev txheej tau nqis peev hauv nws, tam sim ntawd los ua neeg nyiam.
Dab tsi yog qhov txaus siab heev txog phau ntawv xov xwm tshiab? Dab tsi yog muaj nyob rau hauv uas tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub nkees Soviet cov me nyuam cov ntawv luam tawm?
Kab lus no tau sau nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm EDISON Software.
Cov neeg siv khoom xav:
Qhov no yog nthuav thiab pab tau kom paub:
Cov qauv tawg
Piv nrog rau qhov zoo nkauj tab sis bland "Funny Pictures" thiab frankly faded "Murzilka," creativity ntws los ntawm txhua nplooj ntawv.
Tsis yog tus qauv thiab tsis yog hom tau tshwm sim nyob rau theem ntawm cov duab thiab ntawm qib ntawm cov ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj hauv kev muaj tswv yim tau ua ke nrog kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab, thaum nplooj ntawv tib yam ntawm txhua lub ntsiab lus raug rov ua dua rau ntau qhov teeb meem hauv kab (thiab tom qab ntawd txawm tias muaj qee qhov kev tu siab koj nco ntsoov tias cov koob tau ua tiav thiab tsis muaj lawm. hauv cov teeb meem tshiab).
Ntawm no, piv txwv li, yog ib txoj kab thematic txog cov lus pov thawj thiab cov lus hais rau cov ncauj lus ntsig txog qee qhov ntawm lub cev. Tus kws kos duab Baldin tsim cov duab zoo nkauj uas koj xav saib ntev, kawm txhua yam. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev lom zem tshwj xeeb hauv Kharms ntsuj plig nrog kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj.
Los ntawm txoj kev, nquag siv cov ntsiab lus "serial" thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo, lossis tsawg kawg hauv ntau qhov teeb meem ua ke, qhov txawv "Tram" zoo heev. Qhov no kuj yog cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Soviet cov ntawv xov xwm (piv txwv li, cov dab neeg hais txog kev siv ntawm Hercules hauv txhua qhov teeb meem ntawm VK rau 1984), tab sis qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj li txoj cai.
Kev paub txog txuj ci
Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias cov duab tsuas yog khib nyiab xwb, tag nrho cov ntawv nyeem yog tsom rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov niam txiv muaj kev xav (uas txiav txim siab yuav cov ntawv xov xwm). Txawm hais tias cov duab txawv txawv visually dominates cov ntawv nyeem, cov lus feem ntau tseem ceeb dua thiab nthuav ntau dua.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cov ntawv xov xwm tau muab tso rau hauv kev muab cov menyuam yaus nrog kev paub txog kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no, thiab cov ntsiab lus tau hnav hauv qhov kos npe tsis yog tus qauv ntawm "Tram". Hais txog plaub qhov chaw, Mobius strip, lus Esperanto, tsev neeg tsob ntoo ntawm Rurik tsev neeg, optical illusions, pw tsaug zog theem thiab lwm yam nthuav tau piav nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nws tau meej meej rau ob tug me nyuam thiab ib tug neeg laus.
Hloov maj mam irony thiab outright banter
Thaum xaiv cov khoom, pawg thawj coj saib xyuas tau tso tseg tag nrho cov "lisping" uas yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm tib yam "Funny Pictures", hloov nws nrog tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov menyuam yaus lawv tus kheej, ob qho tib si rau ntiaj teb cov neeg laus thiab lawv tus kheej.
Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas nyob rau nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm ib tus tuaj yeem ntsib cov kws sau paj huam "ironic" xws li Igor Irtenyev, Grigory Oster thiab txawm tias, Vajtswv zam txim rau kuv, Viktor Shederovich. Cov ntawv xov xwm muaj cov koob tshuaj uas tsim nyog rau kev lom zem dub thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov style ntawm Kharms (raws li, qhov tseeb, Kharms nws tus kheej).
Qib thiab tus cwj pwm coj tus cwj pwm tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tus menyuam
"Tram" fundamentally tso tseg tus cwj pwm coj ncaj ncees ntawm Soviet cov menyuam yaus cov ntawv xov xwm. Cov menyuam yaus raug lees txais raws li lawv. Kev ntshaw kev paub tau txhawb nqa, tab sis nws tsis raug yuam. Cov qib siab thiab tus cwj pwm coj tus cwj pwm tsis tau nthuav tawm raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm tus me nyuam "yog". Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntxhais zoo thiab cov tub zoo raug thuam ntawm cov nplooj ntawv hauv phau ntawv xov xwm. Qee cov ntsiab lus lom zem zoo li pom zoo rau cov neeg hooligans thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm qib C, tab sis qhov tseeb, lub tswv yim tau hais tias kev kawm txuj ci tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Cov ntawv xov xwm Tram tau ntxim nyiam vim nws lees paub txoj cai ntawm txhua tus menyuam yaus los ua nws tus kheej, yam tsis muaj lub siab xav ua "cov menyuam kawm ntawv zoo tshaj hauv Soviet."
Kev tso tseg cov cim tas mus li
Qhov kev txiav txim siab ua tiav yog tias cov ntawv xov xwm, qhov tseeb, tau tso tseg tag nrho kev siv cov cim npe (lossis pab pawg neeg li) xws li Murzilka lossis Club of Merry Men.
Qhov teeb meem nrog Murzilka thiab Zoo Siab Txiv Neej yog cov ntawv xov xwm yog oversaturated nrog lawv. Lawv tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog lawv qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm txhua lub npog, hauv txhua qhov comics, hauv feem ntau cov lus tsis sib haum thiab cov dab neeg. Cov me nyuam tau ntev tau "overfed" nrog lawv.
Tau kawg, qee cov cim rov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv "Tram," tab sis lawv tau siv tsis tu ncua, tsis yog hauv txhua qhov teeb meem thiab qhov chaw ntawm nplooj ntawv kawg. Piv txwv li, tsis tshua muaj comics txog cov neeg tshawb nrhiav Bertram Weiss thiab nws tus pab dev Composter. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis tuaj yeem hu ua "lub ntsej muag" ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm. Detective storyboards txog lawv tsuas yog ib hom riddle.
Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm nplooj ntawv tsis yog cartoons, tab sis cov me nyuam lawv tus kheej. Yog tias "Funny Pictures" thiab "Murzilka" yog cov ntawv xov xwm rau menyuam yausTom qab ntawd "Tram" - hais txog menyuam yaus.
Board games
Lub ntsiab lus muaj zog yog kev ua si uas tsis yog qauv. Hauv kev ua si los ntawm "Funny Pictures", ob peb qhov kev ua yeeb yam tho txawv tau rov qab los ntawm kaum xyoo mus rau kaum xyoo, feem ntau hauv kev ua kom yooj yim tshaj plaws - "taug kev los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav los ntawm taw tes A mus rau taw tes B", "txiav txim siab yam khoom twg yog tus tswv", thiab lwm yam. .
Hauv "Tram" qib ntawm kev ua si tau ntau dua. Txawm hais tias qhov no txav mus los ntawm lub labyrinth, tom qab ntawd nrog qee qhov nyuaj uas tsis yog tus qauv uas koj yuav tsum daws cov teeb meem txawv txawv. Cov qhua nquag ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm yog cov chess txawv txawv thiab cov kev ua si checkers. Thiab yuav luag txhua zaus cov no yog kev ua si tsis yog rau ib qho, tab sis rau ob lossis ntau tus neeg koom, txawm tias cov no tsis yog labyrinths.
Cov menyuam yaus yog cov kws sau ntawv
Ib qho kev txav mus los yog qhov sawv cev dav ntawm cov menyuam yaus tus kheej muaj tswv yim ntawm nplooj ntawv.
Txhua qhov teeb meem muaj ntau cov paj huam, kos duab, dab neeg, tso dag, thiab riddles xa los ntawm cov me nyeem lawv tus kheej.
Qhov no coj cov menyuam yaus pom ze ze rau cov ntawv xov xwm; lawv tsis yog nws cov neeg nyeem xwb, tab sis cov tsim.
1991: Twb Orthodox, tab sis tseem zoo heev
Xyoo tom ntej, phau ntawv xov xwm kuj tseem khaws cov qib siab zoo. Ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub xyoo no, peb tuaj yeem nco ntsoov qhov tsis tseem ceeb riddles encrypted hauv daim duab ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm lub hau.
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm 1991, uas zoo li muaj teeb meem niaj hnub no, yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nplooj ntawv Orthodox (lossis txawm tias ob) hauv txhua qhov teeb meem ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hnub ntawd txawm tias Komsomol "Funny Pictures" pib ua txhaum li no, tam sim no qhia tam sim thaum Christmas thiab Easter yuav.
Cov ntawv xov xwm Tram yuav tuav txoj kev ntseeg Orthodox mus txog thaum kawg. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis cuam tshuam rau cov style, cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom seem. Es tsis txhob piety, phau ntawv xov xwm tseem nyiam kev tshawb fawb; es tsis txhob txo hwj chim, nws tseem caw cov me nyuam los ua lawv tus kheej.
Nrog rau qhov no, kuv yuav tsum nco ntsoov me ntsis ntxiv kev thuam ntawm Soviet tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv ib tug feem ntau apolitical magazine. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo dhau los, qhov kev thuam no yog qhov tsis tshua muaj thiab tsis sib haum xeeb, nyob rau theem ntawm kev tso dag luv luv. Xyoo no kuj muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev nom kev tswv hauv cov ntawv xov xwm, tab sis nws tau los ntawm qhov tseeb.
Ntawm no, piv txwv li, yog ib qho excerpt los ntawm lub yim hli ntuj qhov teeb meem (Lub Emergency Committee yuav muaj tsuas yog nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub hlis no):
1992: Lub Sijhawm Oblivion
Thawj lub tswb nrov yog qhov tsis muaj qhov kawg, 12 qhov teeb meem rau xyoo 1991. Xyoo tom qab, xyoo 1992, phau ntawv xov xwm tsis tau luam tawm kiag li.
Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, lub Soviet Children's Fund muaj npe tom qab V.I. Lenin (uas lub Tram magazine tau muab) tau reorganized rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Children's Fund. Tsis muaj nyiaj nrhiav nyiaj txiag Tram, thiab cov ntawv xov xwm, nrog rau kev ncig ntawm ob lab, zoo li sai sai thiab mus ib txhis tsis muaj nyob.
Txawm li cas los xij, tus tsim ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tsis tso tseg. Ib tus neeg txhawb nqa dav dav tau pom (ib lub txhab nyiaj tam sim no ntev los ntawm Kuzbass) thiab xyoo tom ntej cov ntawv tshaj tawm nrov tau rov pib dua. Muaj tseeb, nrog rau kev ncig 20 npaug me dua ua ntej. Kev ua lag luam dawb tau tswj hwm tias 100 txhiab daim ntawv luam yog qhov siab tshaj plaws uas ua rau kev txiav txim siab luam tawm.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias "Murzilka" thiab "Funny Pictures" (uas, zoo li cov lus dab neeg ntawm Soviet lub sijhawm, txuas ntxiv tau txais nyiaj txiag los ntawm lub xeev), kuj tsis tuav lawv cov nuj nqis ntau lab daus las. Qhov tseeb ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd lawv poob mus rau 100-200 txhiab daim ntawv luam ib hlis, thiab tam sim no kev ncig tsis pub tshaj 50 txhiab.
1993: Pib ntawm Qhov Kawg
Qhov yuam kev tawm txhua xyoo tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig rau phau ntawv xov xwm. Nws zoo nkaus li kuv qhov kev xav tias xyoo no "Tram" tau dhau los ua kev dhuav. Cov illustrations thiab cov ntawv zoo li tau poob lub khawv koob ntawm originality, cov ntsiab lus los ua cas inexpressive, zoo tib yam los yog ib yam dab tsi. Cov ntawv xov xwm tau poob nws qhov qub hooligan txaus siab rau qhov chaw.
Hla-txiav cov ntsiab lus uas khiav los ntawm ntau qhov teeb meem tau tso tseg tsis siv. Lub cim tsis zoo yog tias cov duab pib siv tsis yog cov duab kos. Cov txheej txheem tau dhau los ua yooj yim, yuav luag qub. Piv txwv li, yog tias nws yog cov ntawv luv luv (lus tso dag, riddles, paj huam luv luv), ces nyob rau hauv lub xyoo zoo tshaj plaws nws yog feem ntau chaotically tawg khiav ri niab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nplooj ntawv tov nrog psychedelic illustrations - ces nws saib zoo. Tam sim no txhua yam tau ua kom zoo nkauj hauv ob kab tho txawv, tsis muaj cov duab kos, tab sis nrog monochromatic dull sau.
Orthodox inserts qee zaum pib coj ntau nplooj ntawv. Hloov cov lus tso dag tsis txaus ntseeg, cov lus tso dag zoo tib yam pib luam tawm. Thiab feem ntau, kev lom zem tau dhau los ua tsis txaus ntseeg. Cov tub ntxhais hluas nyeem tau yuav luag tsis xa lawv txoj haujlwm. Hloov chaw, ib qho kev coj txawv txawv ntawm "kev sib paub" tau tshwm sim, qhov twg cov menyuam yaus sau luv luv txog lawv txoj haujlwm nyiam, qhia lawv lub hnub nyoog thiab tawm hauv lawv qhov chaw nyob hauv tsev rau kev sau ntawv. Cov ntawv xov xwm tawm tsam ntawm qee cov ntsiab lus tau pib zoo li cov ntawv xov xwm tshaj tawm dawb (nrog rau cov lus tso dag thiab sib tham tshaj tawm ntawm nplooj ntawv kawg) rau cov poj niam nruab nrab.
1994: Dinosaurs thiab Programming
Xyoo no, cov ntawv xov xwm zoo li tau pib rov qab los.
Ua ntej, peb rov qab mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm lub ntsiab lus txhua xyoo. Lub sijhawm no nws yog dinosaurs. Txhua qhov teeb meem tau piav qhia meej txog ib hom ntawm cov lizards uas ploj lawm, tso dag thiab dab neeg tau tsim nyob ib puag ncig lawv.
Tau kawg, lub tswv yim yog qhov tseeb thib ob (Spielberg's Jurassic Park tau tso tawm ib xyoos dhau los, uas tau tsim lub ntiaj teb zam rau cov tsiaj reptiles tuag), tab sis nws twb zoo lawm tias cov ntawv xov xwm tsis yog tsuas yog tso tawm lwm qhov teeb meem, tab sis tau sim tsim kom muaj kev tsim. cov ntsiab lus.
Xyoo no kuj tseem nthuav nrog cov dab neeg kawm txog kev ua haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm (tus kws kho-hauv-tus thawj coj Tim Sobakin yog tus programmer los ntawm kev kawm thiab thawj txoj haujlwm, los ntawm txoj kev).
Kuv tsis xav tias cov dab neeg no zoo rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv theem nrab (ntau ntev, kev sib tham qhuav, tsis muaj duab), tab sis tej zaum qhov no yog ib qho ntawm thawj qhov kev sim hauv tebchaws Russia los tham txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm menyuam yaus.
Txawm hais tias cov kev hloov pauv me me no, qee yam kev tuag tshwm sim rau Tram cov ntawv xov xwm - nws thaum kawg tso tseg txawv txawv me nyuam magazine.
1995: Kawg
Thiab xyoo no tsis muaj txuj ci tseem ceeb tshwm sim. Nws pom tseeb tias qhov kev tshaj tawm yuav tsis rov qab mus rau qib 1990-91. Thaum cov teeb meem "ob npaug" pib luam tawm thaum Lub Ob Hlis-Lub Peb Hlis (ntau dua, tsis yog txhua hli, tab sis ib zaug txhua ob lub hlis), nws tau pom tseeb tias cov ntawv xov xwm yuav tsis kav ntev. Thiab yog li nws tau tshwm sim, qhov teeb meem Lub Rau Hli (tsuas yog plaub lub xyoo no) tau dhau los ua qhov kawg.
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com