Kab lus peb tau ua tiav kev teeb tsa lub hypervisor ntawm lub server, txuas nrog kev cia rau nws, saib xyuas kev ruaj ntseg yooj yim, thiab txawm tsim thawj lub tshuab virtual. Tam sim no cia peb saib yuav ua li cas siv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau ua kom thiaj li muaj peev xwm rov qab tau cov kev pabcuam thaum muaj kev ua tsis tiav.
Proxmox cov cuab yeej ib txwm tso cai rau koj tsis tsuas yog thaub qab cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj tsim cov txheej txheem ua ntej kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm ua haujlwm rau kev xa tawm sai. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog pab koj tsim ib tus neeg rau zaub mov tshiab rau ib qho kev pabcuam hauv ob peb vib nas this yog tias tsim nyog, tab sis kuj txo qis sijhawm kom tsawg.
Peb yuav tsis tham txog qhov xav tau los tsim cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab, vim qhov no yog qhov pom tseeb thiab tau ntev ua ib qho axiom. Cia peb nyob ntawm qee yam tsis pom tseeb thiab nta.
Ua ntej, cia saib yuav ua li cas cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg thaum lub sijhawm thaub qab.
Backup Algorithms
Cia peb pib nrog qhov tseeb tias Proxmox muaj cov txheej txheem zoo rau kev tsim cov ntawv theej ntawm cov tshuab virtual. Nws ua rau nws yooj yim los khaws tag nrho koj cov ntaub ntawv tshuab virtual thiab txhawb nqa ob lub tshuab compression, nrog rau peb txoj hauv kev tsim cov ntawv luam.
Cia peb saib ua ntej ntawm compression mechanisms:
- LOJ compression. Ib cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj compression algorithm tau tsim rov qab rau hauv nruab nrab-90s. Tus lej tau sau (ua tiav hauv Proxmox los ntawm lzop utility). Lub ntsiab feature ntawm no algorithm yog heev ceev unpacking. Yog li ntawd, txhua qhov thaub qab tsim siv cov algorithm no tuaj yeem siv sijhawm tsawg kawg yog tias tsim nyog.
- GZIP compression. Siv cov algorithm no, cov thaub qab yuav raug compressed ntawm ya los ntawm GNU Zip utility, uas siv lub zog Deflate algorithm tsim los ntawm . Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog nyob rau qhov siab tshaj plaws cov ntaub ntawv compression, uas txo cov disk qhov chaw nyob los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab. Qhov txawv ntawm LZO yog tias cov txheej txheem compression / decompression siv sijhawm ntau heev.
Cov hom kev khaws cia
Proxmox muab cov thawj tswj hwm txoj kev xaiv ntawm peb txoj hauv kev thaub qab. Siv lawv, koj tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem xav tau los ntawm kev txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov xav tau rau lub sijhawm poob thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov thaub qab ua:
- Snapshot hom. Hom no tseem tuaj yeem hu ua Live thaub qab, vim nws tsis tas yuav tsum nres lub tshuab virtual siv nws. Kev siv cov txheej txheem no tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm VM, tab sis nws muaj ob qhov tsis zoo heev - teeb meem yuav tshwm sim vim kev kaw cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm thiab kev tsim qeeb tshaj plaws. Cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab tsim nrog cov qauv no yuav tsum tau sim txhua lub sijhawm hauv qhov chaw sim. Txwv tsis pub, muaj kev pheej hmoo tias yog tias tsim nyog rov kho qhov xwm txheej ceev, lawv yuav ua tsis tiav.
- Ncua hom. Lub tshuab virtual ib ntus "frozes" nws lub xeev kom txog thaum cov txheej txheem thaub qab tiav. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm RAM tsis raug tshem tawm, uas tso cai rau koj mus txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm raws nraim ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm tau nres. Tau kawg, qhov no ua rau cov neeg rau zaub mov poob qis thaum cov ntaub ntawv tau theej, tab sis tsis tas yuav tsum kaw / ntawm lub tshuab virtual, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau qee qhov kev pabcuam. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias kev tshaj tawm ntawm qee qhov kev pabcuam tsis siv neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, xws li thaub qab yuav tsum tau muab xa mus rau qhov chaw sim rau kev sim.
- Nres hom. Cov txheej txheem thaub qab txhim khu kev qha tshaj plaws, tab sis yuav tsum tau kaw tag nrho ntawm lub tshuab virtual. Ib qho lus txib raug xa mus ua qhov kev kaw tsis tu ncua, tom qab nres, rov qab ua tiav, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov lus txib kom qhib lub tshuab virtual. Tus lej ntawm qhov yuam kev nrog txoj hauv kev no yog tsawg thiab feem ntau txo qis rau xoom. Backups tsim txoj kev no yuav luag txhua zaus siv kom raug.
Ua tus txheej txheem booking
Tsim ib tug thaub qab:
- Cia peb mus rau lub tshuab virtual xav tau.
- Xaiv ib yam khoom Kev tshwj tseg.
- Nias lub khawm Khaws cia tam sim no. Lub qhov rais yuav qhib uas koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov tsis muaj rau yav tom ntej thaub qab.
- Raws li qhov chaw cia peb qhia qhov peb txuas nrog .
- Tom qab xaiv cov kev txwv, nias lub pob Kev tshwj tseg thiab tos kom txog thaum tus thaub qab tsim. Yuav muaj ib tug inscription txog qhov no TASK OK.
Tam sim no cov ntaub ntawv tsim nrog thaub qab ntawm cov tshuab virtual yuav muaj rau rub tawm los ntawm server. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau ntawm kev luam yog SFTP. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, siv qhov nrov hla-platform FTP tus thov kev pab FileZilla, uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm siv SFTP raws tu qauv.
- Nyob rau hauv lub teb Tug Tswv nkag mus rau tus IP chaw nyob ntawm peb virtualization server hauv daim teb username nkag mus hauv paus hauv daim teb Lo lus zais - ib tug uas tau xaiv thaum lub sij hawm installation, thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb Chaw nres nkoj qhia "22" (lossis lwm qhov chaw nres nkoj uas tau teev tseg rau kev sib txuas SSH).
- Nias lub khawm Kev sib txuas ceev ceev thiab, yog tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tau nkag mus kom raug, tom qab ntawd hauv lub vaj huam sib luag nquag koj yuav pom tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau ntawm lub server.
- Mus rau phau ntawv qhia /mnt/storage. Tag nrho cov tsim backups yuav nyob rau hauv lub "pob tseg" subdirectory. Lawv yuav zoo li:
- vzdump-qemu-machine_number-date-time.vma.gz yog tias koj xaiv GZIP txoj kev;
- vzdump-qemu-machine_number-date-time.vma.lzo thaum xaiv txoj kev LZO.
Nws raug nquahu kom rub tawm cov ntawv luam tawm tam sim ntawd los ntawm cov neeg rau zaub mov thiab khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb, piv txwv li, hauv peb cov huab cia. Yog hais tias koj unpack ib cov ntaub ntawv nrog vma daws teeb meem, ib tug nqi hluav taws xob ntawm tib lub npe uas los nrog Proxmox, ces sab hauv yuav muaj cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov extensions. nyoos, conf ΠΈ fw. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj cov hauv qab no:
- nyoos - duab disk;
- conf - VM configuration;
- fw - firewall teeb tsa.
Rov qab los ntawm thaub qab
Cia peb xav txog qhov xwm txheej uas lub tshuab virtual tau raug muab tshem tawm thiab nws qhov kev kho thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev los ntawm kev thaub qab yuav tsum:
- Qhib qhov chaw khaws cia qhov chaw uas daim ntawv thaub qab nyob.
- Mus rau tab Cov ntsiab lus.
- Xaiv cov ntawv uas xav tau thiab nias lub pob Rov qab.
- Peb qhia lub hom phiaj cia thiab tus ID uas yuav muab rau lub tshuab tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem.
- Nias lub khawm Rov qab.
Thaum rov qab ua tiav, VM yuav tshwm sim hauv cov npe uas muaj.
Cloning lub tshuab virtual
Piv txwv li, cia peb xav tias ib lub tuam txhab yuav tsum hloov pauv qee qhov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb. Xws li kev hloov pauv yog siv los ntawm kev hloov ntau yam rau cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa. Qhov tshwm sim yog unpredictable thiab ib qho kev ua yuam kev tuaj yeem ua rau kev pabcuam tsis ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov kev sim no los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau lub server khiav, nws raug nquahu kom clone lub tshuab virtual.
Lub tshuab cloning yuav tsim ib daim qauv ntawm cov neeg rau zaub mov virtual, uas nws tso cai rau kev hloov pauv yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb. Tom qab ntawd, yog tias qhov kev hloov pauv tau ua tiav, VM tshiab tau pib thiab qhov qub raug kaw. Nws muaj qhov tshwj xeeb hauv cov txheej txheem no uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov. Lub tshuab cloned yuav muaj tib qhov chaw nyob IP raws li tus thawj VM, txhais tau tias yuav muaj qhov chaw nyob tsis sib haum thaum nws pib.
Peb mam li qhia koj yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob muaj qhov xwm txheej zoo li no. Tam sim ntawd ua ntej cloning, koj yuav tsum hloov mus rau lub network configuration. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum hloov tus IP chaw nyob ib ntus, tab sis tsis txhob rov pib qhov kev pabcuam network. Tom qab cloning ua tiav ntawm lub tshuab tseem ceeb, koj yuav tsum xa rov qab cov chaw rov qab, thiab teeb tsa lwm qhov chaw nyob IP ntawm lub tshuab cloned. Yog li, peb yuav tau txais ob daim ntawv theej ntawm tib lub server ntawm qhov chaw sib txawv. Qhov no yuav cia koj muab cov kev pabcuam tshiab sai sai rau kev ua haujlwm.
Yog tias qhov kev pabcuam no yog lub vev xaib server, tom qab ntawd koj tsuas yog yuav tsum hloov pauv A-cov ntaub ntawv nrog koj tus kws kho mob DNS, tom qab tus neeg thov kev thov rau lub npe sau npe no yuav raug xa mus rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub tshuab virtual cloned.
Los ntawm txoj kev, Selectel muab tag nrho nws cov neeg siv khoom nrog kev pabcuam ntawm hosting tus naj npawb ntawm cov npe ntawm NS servers dawb. Cov ntaub ntawv raug tswj xyuas ob qho tib si los ntawm peb pawg tswj hwm thiab los ntawm API tshwj xeeb. Nyeem ntxiv txog qhov no .
Cloning VM hauv Proxmox yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim heev. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum ua cov hauv qab no:
- Mus rau lub tshuab peb xav tau.
- Xaiv los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov ntau nqi lus clone.
- Nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais uas qhib, sau lub npe parameter.
- Ua cloning ntawm qhov kov ntawm lub pob clone.
Cov cuab yeej no tso cai rau koj los ua ib daim ntawv theej ntawm lub tshuab virtual tsis yog ntawm lub server hauv zos xwb. Yog tias ob peb lub servers virtualization tau ua ke rau hauv ib pawg, tom qab ntawd siv cov cuab yeej no koj tuaj yeem txav cov ntawv tsim tam sim ntawd mus rau qhov xav tau lub cev server. Ib qho tseem ceeb feature yog xaiv ntawm disk cia (parameter Lub Hom Phiaj Cia), uas yooj yim heev thaum tsiv lub tshuab virtual los ntawm ib lub cev tawm mus rau lwm qhov.
Virtual cia hom ntawv
Cia peb qhia koj ntxiv txog cov qauv tsav siv hauv Proxmox:
- RAW. Hom kev nkag siab thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws. Qhov no yog byte-rau-byte hard drive cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj compression lossis optimization. Qhov no yog hom ntawv yooj yim heev vim tias nws tuaj yeem yooj yim mounted nrog tus qauv mount hais kom ua ntawm txhua qhov Linux system. Ntxiv mus, qhov no yog qhov ceev tshaj plaws "hom" tsav, txij li tus hypervisor tsis tas yuav ua nws hauv txhua txoj kev.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm hom ntawv no yog tias txawm tias qhov chaw ntau npaum li cas koj tau faib rau lub tshuab virtual, raws nraim tib yam ntawm qhov chaw hard disk yuav raug nyob los ntawm RAW cov ntaub ntawv (tsis hais txog qhov chaw nyob hauv lub tshuab virtual).
- QEMU image format (qcow2). Tej zaum yog hom ntawv universal tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm. Nws qhov zoo dua yog tias cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog muaj qhov chaw nyob hauv lub tshuab virtual xwb. Piv txwv li, yog tias 40 GB ntawm qhov chaw tau faib, tab sis tsuas yog 2 GB tau siv tiag tiag, ces qhov chaw seem yuav muaj rau lwm VMs. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev thaum txuag chaw disk.
Qhov tsis zoo me me ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog hom ntawv no yog cov hauv qab no: txhawm rau txhim kho cov duab zoo li no rau lwm qhov system, koj yuav tsum xub rub tawm. thiab tseem siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob qem nbd, uas yuav tso cai rau lub operating system nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv raws li ib tug niaj hnub thaiv ntaus ntawv. Tom qab qhov no, cov duab yuav dhau los ua muaj rau mounting, muab faib, tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus thiab lwm yam haujlwm.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tag nrho cov haujlwm I / O thaum siv hom ntawv no tau ua tiav hauv software, uas ua rau qeeb qeeb thaum ua haujlwm nrog lub disk subsystem. Yog tias txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau xa cov ntaub ntawv rau ntawm lub server, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv RAW hom.
- VMware duab format (vmdk). Hom ntawv no yog ib txwm nyob rau VMware vSphere hypervisor thiab tau suav nrog hauv Proxmox rau kev sib raug zoo. Nws tso cai rau koj mus hloov lub VMware virtual tshuab mus rau Proxmox infrastructure.
Siv vmdk ua ntu zus tsis pom zoo; hom ntawv no yog qeeb tshaj plaws hauv Proxmox, yog li nws tsuas yog tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm tsiv teb tsaws, tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv. Qhov tsis txaus no tej zaum yuav raug tshem tawm yav tom ntej.
Ua haujlwm nrog cov duab disk
Proxmox los nrog cov khoom siv yooj yim hu ua qev img. Ib qho ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yog los hloov cov duab virtual disk. Txhawm rau siv nws, tsuas yog qhib lub console hypervisor thiab khiav cov lus txib hauv hom:
qemu-img convert -f vmdk test.vmdk -O qcow2 test.qcow2Hauv qhov piv txwv muab, cov duab vmdk ntawm VMware virtual drive hu ua xeem yuav hloov mus rau hom ntawv qcwb 2. Qhov no yog ib qho lus txib uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum koj xav tau kho qhov yuam kev hauv kev xaiv thawj hom ntawv.
Ua tsaug rau tib cov lus txib, koj tuaj yeem yuam kev tsim cov duab xav tau siv qhov kev sib cav tsim:
qemu-img create -f raw test.raw 40GCov lus txib no yuav tsim cov duab sim hauv hom ntawv RAW, 40 GB loj. Tam sim no nws tsim nyog rau kev txuas mus rau ib qho ntawm cov tshuab virtual.
Resizing lub virtual disk
Thiab hauv kev xaus, peb yuav qhia koj yuav ua li cas nce qhov loj ntawm daim duab disk yog tias vim qee qhov tsis muaj chaw txaus rau nws. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, peb siv qhov kev sib cav resize:
qemu-img resize -f raw test.raw 80GTam sim no peb cov duab tau dhau los ua 80 GB loj. Koj tuaj yeem saib cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog daim duab siv qhov kev sib cav info:
qemu-img info test.rawTsis txhob hnov ββββqab tias nthuav cov duab nws tus kheej yuav tsis cia li nce qhov loj ntawm qhov muab faib - nws yuav tsuas ntxiv qhov chaw dawb. Txhawm rau nce qhov muab faib, siv cov lus txib:
resize2fs /dev/sda1qhov twg / dev / sda1 - ntu xav tau.
Automation ntawm thaub qab
Kev siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov thaub qab yog ib txoj haujlwm hnyav heev thiab siv sijhawm ntev. Yog vim li cas Proxmox VE suav nrog cov cuab yeej rau kev teem sijhawm tsis siv neeg thaub qab. Cia peb saib yuav ua li cas ua qhov no:
- Siv lub vev xaib hypervisor, qhib cov khoom Data center.
- Xaiv ib yam khoom Kev tshwj tseg.
- Nias lub khawm Ntxiv.
- Teem parameter rau tus teem sijhawm.
- Kos lub thawv Pab Kom.
- Txuag cov kev hloov pauv siv lub pob tsim.
Tam sim no tus teem sijhawm yuav cia li tso tawm qhov kev pabcuam thaub qab ntawm lub sijhawm raws sijhawm, raws li lub sijhawm teev tseg.
xaus
Peb tau tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem txheej txheem rau thaub qab thiab kho cov tshuab virtual. Lawv txoj kev siv tso cai rau koj khaws tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yam tsis muaj teeb meem thiab kho lawv sai sai thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.
Tau kawg, qhov no tsis yog tib txoj hauv kev kom txuag tau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Muaj ntau yam cuab yeej muaj, xws li. , nrog rau qhov uas koj tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv luam tag nrho thiab nce ntxiv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm Linux-based virtual servers.
Thaum ua cov txheej txheem thaub qab, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov coj mus rau hauv tus account tias lawv nquag thauj cov disk subsystem. Yog li, nws raug pom zoo tias cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev thauj khoom tsawg heev kom tsis txhob muaj kev ncua sij hawm I / O ua haujlwm hauv cov tshuab. Koj tuaj yeem saib xyuas cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm qeeb ntawm disk ncaj qha los ntawm hypervisor web interface (IO ncua parameter).
Tau qhov twg los: www.hab.com