Kažu da je najbolja lozinka ona koju ne morate pamtiti. U slučaju MySQL-a to je moguće zahvaljujući dodatku i njegova verzija za MariaDB - .
Oba ova dodatka uopće nisu nova, o njima se dosta raspravljalo na ovom blogu, primjerice u članku o . Međutim, dok sam proučavao što je novo u MariaDB 10.4, otkrio sam da je unix_socket sada instaliran prema zadanim postavkama i da je jedna od metoda provjere autentičnosti ("jedna od", jer je u MariaDB 10.4 više od jednog dodatka dostupno jednom korisniku za provjeru autentičnosti, što objašnjeno je u dokumentu ).
Kao što sam rekao, ovo nije novost, a kada se MySQL instalira pomoću .deb paketa koje podržava Debian tim, kreira se root korisnik za autentifikaciju utičnice. Ovo vrijedi i za MySQL i za MariaDB.
root@app:~# apt-cache show mysql-server-5.7 | grep -i maintainers
Original-Maintainer: Debian MySQL Maintainers <[email protected]>
Original-Maintainer: Debian MySQL Maintainers <<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>>S Debian paketima za MySQL, root korisnik se autentificira na sljedeći način:
root@app:~# whoami
root=
root@app:~# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.27-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 (Ubuntu)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select user, host, plugin, authentication_string from mysql.user where user = 'root';
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
| user | host | plugin | authentication_string |
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
| root | localhost | auth_socket | |
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)Isti je slučaj s .deb paketom za MariaDB:
10.0.38-MariaDB-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 Ubuntu 16.04
MariaDB [(none)]> show grants;
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@localhost |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED VIA unix_socket WITH GRANT OPTION |
| GRANT PROXY ON ''@'%' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)Paketi .deb iz službenog Percona repozitorija također konfiguriraju autentifikaciju root korisnika pod auth-socket i za Percona Server. Navedimo primjer sa i Ubuntu 16.04:
root@app:~# whoami
root
root@app:~# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.16-7 Percona Server (GPL), Release '7', Revision '613e312'
Copyright (c) 2009-2019 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select user, host, plugin, authentication_string from mysql.user where user ='root';
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
| user | host | plugin | authentication_string |
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
| root | localhost | auth_socket | |
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)Dakle, u čemu je magija? Dodatak provjerava podudara li se Linux korisnik s MySQL korisnikom koristeći SO_PEERCRED socket opciju za prikupljanje informacija o korisniku koji pokreće klijentski program. Stoga se dodatak može koristiti samo na sustavima koji podržavaju opciju SO_PEERCRED, kao što je Linux. Opcija utičnice SO_PEERCRED omogućuje vam da saznate uid procesa povezanog s utičnicom. I tada već prima korisničko ime povezano s ovim uid-om.
Evo primjera s korisnikom "vagrant":
vagrant@mysql1:~$ whoami
vagrant
vagrant@mysql1:~$ mysql
ERROR 1698 (28000): Access denied for user 'vagrant'@'localhost'Budući da u MySQL-u ne postoji "lutalica", pristup nam je zabranjen. Kreirajmo takvog korisnika i pokušajmo ponovno:
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'vagrant'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED VIA unix_socket;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
vagrant@mysql1:~$ mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 45
Server version: 10.0.38-MariaDB-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 Ubuntu 16.04
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show grants;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for vagrant@localhost |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'vagrant'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED VIA unix_socket |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)Dogodilo se!
Pa, što je s distribucijom koja nije Debian gdje ovo nije osigurano prema zadanim postavkama? Isprobajmo Percona Server za MySQL 8 instaliran na CentOS 7:
mysql> show variables like '%version%comment';
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| version_comment | Percona Server (GPL), Release 7, Revision 613e312 |
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> CREATE USER 'percona'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH auth_socket;
ERROR 1524 (HY000): Plugin 'auth_socket' is not loadedSranje. Što je nedostajalo? Dodatak nije učitan:
mysql> pager grep socket
PAGER set to 'grep socket'
mysql> show plugins;
47 rows in set (0.00 sec)Dodajmo dodatak procesu:
mysql> nopager
PAGER set to stdout
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN auth_socket SONAME 'auth_socket.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> pager grep socket; show plugins;
PAGER set to 'grep socket'
| auth_socket | ACTIVE | AUTHENTICATION | auth_socket.so | GPL |
48 rows in set (0.00 sec)Sada imamo sve što nam treba. Pokušajmo ponovo:
mysql> CREATE USER 'percona'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH auth_socket;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'percona'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)Sada se možete prijaviti koristeći korisničko ime “percona”.
[percona@ip-192-168-1-111 ~]$ whoami
percona
[percona@ip-192-168-1-111 ~]$ mysql -upercona
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 19
Server version: 8.0.16-7 Percona Server (GPL), Release 7, Revision 613e312
Copyright (c) 2009-2019 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select user, host, plugin, authentication_string from mysql.user where user ='percona';
+---------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
| user | host | plugin | authentication_string |
+---------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
| percona | localhost | auth_socket | |
+---------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)I opet je upalilo!
Pitanje: hoće li se moći prijaviti u sustav pod istom percona prijavom, ali kao drugi korisnik?
[percona@ip-192-168-1-111 ~]$ logout
[root@ip-192-168-1-111 ~]# mysql -upercona
ERROR 1698 (28000): Access denied for user 'percona'@'localhost'Ne, neće uspjeti.
Izlaz
MySQL je prilično fleksibilan u nekoliko aspekata, od kojih je jedan metoda autentifikacije. Kao što možete vidjeti iz ovog posta, pristup se može dobiti bez lozinki, na temelju korisnika OS-a. Ovo može biti korisno u određenim scenarijima, a jedan od njih je kada prelazite s RDS/Aurora na regularni MySQL koristeći da i dalje dobijete pristup, ali bez lozinki.
Izvor: www.habr.com