{"id":100285,"date":"2021-05-26T10:22:54","date_gmt":"2021-05-26T08:22:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9"},"modified":"2021-05-26T10:22:54","modified_gmt":"2021-05-26T08:22:54","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9","title":{"rendered":"Izdanje paketnog filtra nftables 0.9.9","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Objavljen je izdanak paketnog filtra nftables 0.9.9, koji standardizira su\u010delja za filtriranje paketa za IPv4, IPv6, ARP i mre\u017ene mostove (usmjeren za zamjenu iptables, ip6tables, arptables i ebtables). Ujedno je objavljen i izdanak prate\u0107e biblioteke libnftnl 1.2.0, koja pru\u017ea niskonivojski API za interakciju s podsustavom nf_tables. Potrebne izmjene za rad izdanja nftables 0.9.9 uklju\u010dene su u jezgru Linuxa 5.13-rc1.          <\/p>\n<p>U paket nftables uklju\u010deni su komponente paketskog filtra koje rade u korisni\u010dkom prostoru, dok na razini jezgre rad osigurava pod-sustav nf_tables, koji je deo jezgre Linuxa od izdanja 3.13. Na razini jezgre pru\u017ea se samo op\u0107e su\u010delje koje nije ovisno o specifi\u010dnom protokolu i koje osigurava osnovne funkcije ekstrakcije podataka iz paketa, izvr\u0161avanja operacija s podacima i upravljanja protokom.    <\/p>\n<p>Izravno pravila filtriranja i specifi\u010dni za protokole obrada se kompajliraju u bajtkod u korisni\u010dkom prostoru, nakon \u010dega se taj bajtkod u\u010ditava u jezgru putem Netlink su\u010delja i izvr\u0161ava u jezgru u posebnoj <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"virtualnoj ma\u0161ini\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4310\">virtualnoj ma\u0161ini<\/a>, koja podsje\u0107a na BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Ovaj pristup omogu\u0107ava zna\u010dajno smanjenje veli\u010dine koda filtriranja koji radi na razini jezgre i prebacivanje svih funkcija analize pravila i logike rada s protokolima u korisni\u010dki prostor.    <\/p>\n<p>Glavne novine:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementirana je mogu\u0107nost premje\u0161tanja obrade flowtable na stranu mre\u017enog adaptera, koja se uklju\u010duje putem opcije 'offload'. Flowtable predstavlja mehanizam optimizacije putanje preusmjeravanja paketa, pri \u010demu se potpuno prolazak kroz sve lance obrade pravila primjenjuje samo na prvi paket, dok se svi ostali paketi u toku propu\u0161taju izravno.        table ip global {              flowtable f {                      hook ingress priority filter + 1                      devices = { lan3, lan0, wan }                      flags offload              }                chain forward {                      type filter hook forward priority filter; policy accept;                      ip protocol { tcp, udp } flow add @f              }                chain post {                      type nat hook postrouting priority filter; policy accept;                      oifname 'wan' masquerade              }      }\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je podr\u0161ka za pri\u010dvr\u0161\u0107ivanje taba za vezanje uz vlasnika, \u0161to omogu\u0107uje ekskluzivno kori\u0161tenje taba od strane procesa. Kada proces zavr\u0161i, tablica vezana uz njega automatski se bri\u0161e. Informacije o procesu prikazuju se u dumpu pravila u obliku komentara:          table ip x { # progname nft              flags owner                chain y {                      type filter hook input priority filter; policy accept;                      counter packets 1 bytes 309              }      }\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je podr\u0161ka za specifikaciju IEEE 802.1ad (VLAN stacking ili QinQ), koja definira sredstva za umetanje vi\u0161e VLAN oznaka u jedan Ethernet okvir. Na primjer, za provjeru tipa vanjskog Ethernet okvira 8021ad i vlan id=342 mo\u017ee se koristiti konstrukcija        ... ether type 802.1ad vlan id 342      za provjeru vanjskog tipa Ethernet okvira 8021ad\/vlan id=1, ugnije\u017edenog 802.1q\/vlan id=2 i daljnje inkapsulacije IP paketa:         ... ether type 802.1ad vlan id 1 vlan type 8021q vlan id 2 vlan type ip counter\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je podr\u0161ka za upravljanje resursima putem unificirane hijerarhije cgroups v2. Klju\u010dna razlika cgroups v2 od v1 je primjena zajedni\u010dke hijerarhije cgroups za sve vrste resursa, umjesto odvojenih hijerarhija za raspodjelu CPU resursa, za regulaciju potro\u0161nje memorije i za unos\/izlaz. Na primjer, za provjeru odgovara li roditelj soketa na prvom nivou cgroupv2 maski 'system.slice' mo\u017ee se koristiti konstrukcija:       ... socket cgroupv2 level 1 'system.slice'\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je mogu\u0107nost provjere sastavnih dijelova SCTP paketa (neophodna funkcionalnost \u0107e se pojaviti u kernelu Linux 5.14). Na primjer, za provjeru postoji li u paketu chunk tipa 'data' i polje 'type':       ... sctp chunk data exists    ... sctp chunk data type 0\n<li class=\"l\"> Otprilike dvostruko je ubrzana operacija u\u010ditavanja pravila kori\u0161tenjem opcije '-f'. Tako\u0111er je ubrzan izlaz popisa pravila.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pru\u017eena je kompaktna forma za provjeru postavljanja bitova u zastavicama. Na primjer, za provjeru da bitovi stanja snat i dnat nisu postavljeni, mo\u017ee se navesti: \u2026 ct status ! snat,dnat za provjeru da je bit syn postavljen u bitnoj maski syn,ack: \u2026 tcp flags syn \/ syn,ack za provjeru da bitovi fin i rst nisu postavljeni u bitnoj maski syn,ack,fin,rst: \u2026 tcp flags != fin,rst \/ syn,ack,fin,rst\n<li class=\"l\"> Dozvoljeno je kori\u0161tenje klju\u010deva rije\u010di \u00abverdict\u00bb u definicijama typeof za set\/map: add map x m { typeof iifname . ip protocol . th dport : verdict; }    <\/ul>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55214\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.9, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 libnftnl 1.2.0, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 API \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 nf_tables. \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 nftables 0.9.9 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.13-rc1. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.9, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, 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paketnog filtra nftables 0.9.9 | ProHoster","description":"Objavljen je paketni filter nftables 0.9.9, koji ujedinjuje su\u010delja za filtraciju paketa za IPv4, IPv6, ARP i mre\u017ene mostove (cilj je zamjena iptables, ip6tables, arptables i ebtables).","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"hr_HR","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0412\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 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