{"id":100532,"date":"2021-06-17T22:23:06","date_gmt":"2021-06-17T20:23:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/google-predlozhil-slsa-dlya-zashhity-ot-vredonosnyh-izmenenij-v-proczesse-razrabotki"},"modified":"2021-06-17T22:23:06","modified_gmt":"2021-06-17T20:23:08","slug":"google-predlozhil-slsa-dlya-zashhity-ot-vredonosnyh-izmenenij-v-proczesse-razrabotki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/google-predlozhil-slsa-dlya-zashhity-ot-vredonosnyh-izmenenij-v-proczesse-razrabotki","title":{"rendered":"Google je predlo\u017eio SLSA za za\u0161titu od zlonamjernih promjena tijekom razvoja","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tvrtka Google predstavila je okvir SLSA (Supply-chain Levels for Software Artifacts), koji sa\u017eima postoje\u0107e iskustvo u za\u0161titi infrastrukture razvoja od napada koji se provode tijekom pisanja koda, testiranja, gra\u0111enja i distribucije proizvoda.     <\/p>\n<p>Razvojni procesi postaju sve slo\u017eeniji i zavisniji od vanjskih alata, \u0161to stvara povoljne uvjete za napade koji nisu usmjereni na otkrivanje i iskori\u0161tavanje ranjivosti u kona\u010dnom proizvodu, ve\u0107 na kompromitiranje samog procesa razvoja (napadi 'supply chain', obi\u010dno usmjereni na uno\u0161enje zlonamjernih promjena tokom pisanja koda, zamjenu distribuiranih komponenti i zavisnosti).       <\/p>\n<p>Okvir uzima u obzir 8 vrsta napada vezanih uz prijetnje ubacivanja zlonamjernih promjena u fazi razvoja koda, gra\u0111enja, testiranja i distribucije proizvoda.      <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Google je predlo\u017eio SLSA za za\u0161titu od zlonamjernih promjena tijekom razvoja\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/d99f0d7ebc6009bcecf21f65f77dcf65.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>    <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A. Uklju\u010divanje promjena u izvorni kod koje sadr\u017ee backdoore ili skrivene gre\u0161ke koje dovode do ranjivosti.\n<p>Primjer napada: 'Hypocrite Commits' \u2014 poku\u0161aj uvo\u0111enja zakrpa s ranjivostima u Linux jezgru.   <\/p>\n<p>Predlo\u017eena metoda za\u0161tite: neovisno recenziranje svake promjene od strane dva programera.    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> B. Kompromitacija platforme za upravljanje izvorom.\n<p>Primjer napada: ubacivanje zlonamjernih commitova s backdoorom u Git repozitorij projekta PHP nakon curenja lozinki programera.  <\/p>\n<p>Predlo\u017eena metoda za\u0161tite: pobolj\u0161anje za\u0161tite platforme za upravljanje kodom (u slu\u010daju PHP napad je proveden putem malo kori\u0161tenog HTTPS su\u010delja koje je dopu\u0161talo slanje promjena prijavom lozinkom bez provjere SSH klju\u010da, pri \u010demu je za hashiranje lozinki kori\u0161ten nesiguran MD5).    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\">C. Izmjene u fazi prijenosa koda u sustav za izgradnju ili kontinuiranu integraciju (gra\u0111en je kod koji se ne podudara s kodom iz repozitorija).\n<p>Primjer napada: ubacivanje backdoora u Webmin promjenama u sustavu za izgradnju, \u0161to je dovelo do kori\u0161tenja datoteka s kodom koje se razlikuju od datoteka u repozitoriju.     <\/p>\n<p>Predlo\u017eena metoda za\u0161tite: provjera cjelovitosti i identifikacija izvora dolaska koda na izgradnju. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/server\/dts-dronten\/\"   title=\"serveru\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2636\">serveru<\/a>.      <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> D. Kompromitacija platforme za izgradnju.\n<p>Primjer napada: SolarWinds napad, tijekom kojeg je u fazi izgradnje omogu\u0107eno ubacivanje backdoora u proizvod SolarWinds Orion.  <\/p>\n<p>Predlo\u017eena metoda za\u0161tite: implementacija naprednih mjera sigurnosti u platformi za izradnju.    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> E. Promocija zlo\u0107udnog koda kroz niskokvalitetne ovisnosti.\n<p>Primjer napada: implementacija le\u0111a u popularnu biblioteku event-stream, kroz dodavanje bezopasne ovisnosti koja se kasnije uklju\u010dila u jedno od a\u017euriranja te ovisnosti zlo\u0107udnim kodom (zlo\u0107udna promjena nije bila prikazana u git repozitoriju, ve\u0107 je bila prisutna samo u gotovom MNP paketu).    <\/p>\n<p>Predlo\u017eena metoda za\u0161tite: rekurzivna primjena zahtjeva SLSA na sve ovisnosti (u slu\u010daju event-stream, provjera bi otkrila sastavljanje koda koji ne odgovara sadr\u017eaju osnovnog Git repozitorija).    \t  <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> F. U\u010ditavanje artefakata koji nisu stvoreni u CI\/CD sustavu.\n<p>Primjer napada: dodavanje zlo\u0107udnog koda u CodeCov skriptu, \u0161to je omogu\u0107ilo napada\u010dima da izvuku informacije pohranjene u okru\u017eenjima sustava kontinuirane integracije klijenata.    <\/p>\n<p>Predlo\u017eena metoda za\u0161tite: kontrola izvora i cjelovitosti artefakata (u slu\u010daju CodeCov moglo je biti utvr\u0111eno da skripta Bash Uploader koja se preuzima s web stranice codecov.io ne odgovara kodu iz repozitorija projekta).    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> G. Kompromitacija repozitorija paketa.\n<p>Primjer napada: istra\u017eiva\u010dima je uspjelo postaviti zrcala nekoliko popularnih repozitorija paketa s ciljem \u0161irenja zlo\u0107udnih paketa kroz njih.    <\/p>\n<p>Predlo\u017eena metoda za\u0161tite: provjeriti da se distribuirani artefakti stvaraju iz navedenih izvornih tekstova.    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> H. Uvo\u0111enje u zabunu korisnika za instalaciju pogre\u0161nog paketa.\n<p>Primjer napada: kori\u0161tenje type-squattinga (NPM, RubyGems, PyPI) za postavljanje paketa u repozitorije, koji izgledaju sli\u010dno popularnim aplikacijama (npr. coffe-script umjesto coffee-script).      <\/ul>\n<p>Za blokiranje istaknutih prijetnji, SLSA nudi skup preporuka, kao i alate za automatizaciju izrade metapodataka za reviziju. SLSA sumira tipi\u010dne metode napada i uvodi koncept razina za\u0161tite. Svaka razina postavlja odre\u0111ene zahtjeve za infrastrukturu, omogu\u0107uju\u0107i jamstvo cjelovitosti artefakata koji se koriste u razvoju. \u0160to je vi\u0161a podr\u017eana razina SLSA, to je vi\u0161e mjera za\u0161tite implementirano i bolja je infrastruktura za\u0161ti\u0107ena od tipi\u010dnih napada.     <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> SLSA 1 \u2014 zahtijeva da proces gradnje bude potpuno automatiziran i generira metapodatke ('provenance') o tome kako su artefakti sakupljeni, uklju\u010duju\u0107i informacije o izvornoj kodu, zavisnostima i procesu gradnje (primjer generatora metapodataka za reviziju predlo\u017een je za GitHub Actions). SLSA 1 ne uklju\u010duje elemente za\u0161tite od uno\u0161enja zlonamjernih promjena, ve\u0107 na najosnovniji na\u010din identificira kod i pru\u017ea metapodatke za upravljanje ranjivostima i analizu rizika.\n<li class=\"l\"> SLSA 2 \u2014 pro\u0161iruje prvi nivo zahtjevom za kori\u0161tenjem sistema za upravljanje verzijama i gra\u0111evinskih servisa koji generiraju autentificirane metapodatke. Primjena SLSA 2 omogu\u0107ava pra\u0107enje porijekla koda i sprje\u010dava uno\u0161enje neovla\u0161tenih promjena u kodu, uz kori\u0161tenje pouzdanih gra\u0111evinskih servisa.\n<li class=\"l\"> SLSA 3 \u2014 potvr\u0111uje da izvorni tekstovi i platforma za gradnju ispunjavaju zahtjeve standarda koji osiguravaju mogu\u0107nost provo\u0111enja revizije koda i integriteta pru\u017eenih metapodataka. Pretpostavlja se da revizori mogu certifikovati platforme u odnosu na uslove standarda.\n<li class=\"l\"> SLSA 4 \u2014 najvi\u0161i nivo, koji dopunjava prethodne nivoe sljede\u0107im zahtjevima:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Obavezno pregledavanje svih promjena od strane dva razli\u010dita programera.\n<li class=\"l\"> Svi koraci izrade, kod i ovisnosti moraju biti potpuno deklarirani, sve ovisnosti moraju biti posebno ekstraktirane i provjerene, a proces izrade mora se izvoditi bez pristupa mre\u017ei.\n<li class=\"l\"> Primjena procesa ponovljive gradnje \u2014 mogu\u0107nost ponovnog izvo\u0111enja procesa gradnje samostalno i uvjeravanje da je izvr\u0161na datoteka izgra\u0111ena iz dostavljenih izvora.        <\/ul>\n<p>      <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Google je predlo\u017eio SLSA za za\u0161titu od zlonamjernih promjena tijekom razvoja\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/3f0bdd24afeec562582d8410b490e705.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55345\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a SLSA (Supply-chain Levels for Software Artifacts), \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0451\u043d \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":100533,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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