{"id":103194,"date":"2022-02-05T15:36:52","date_gmt":"2022-02-05T13:36:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-os-qubes-4-1-ispolzuyushhej-virtualizacziyu-dlya-izolyaczii-prilozhenij"},"modified":"2022-02-05T15:36:52","modified_gmt":"2022-02-05T13:36:55","slug":"reliz-os-qubes-4-1-ispolzuyushhej-virtualizacziyu-dlya-izolyaczii-prilozhenij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/reliz-os-qubes-4-1-ispolzuyushhej-virtualizacziyu-dlya-izolyaczii-prilozhenij","title":{"rendered":"Izlazak Qubes OS 4.1, koji koristi virtualizaciju za izolaciju aplikacija","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nakon gotovo \u010detiri godine razvoja, objavljen je operativni sustav Qubes 4.1, koji provodi ideju kori\u0161tenja hipervizora za strogu izolaciju aplikacija i komponenti OS-a (svaka klasa aplikacija i sustavne usluge rade u odvojenim virtualnim strojevima). Za rad je potreban sustav s 6 GB RAM-a i 64-bitni CPU Intel ili AMD s podr\u0161kom za VT-x s EPT\/AMD-v s RVI i VT-d\/AMD IOMMU, po\u017eeljno je imati GPU Intel (GPU NVIDIA i AMD nisu dovoljno dobro testirani). Veli\u010dina instalacijskog imid\u017ea je 6 GB.        <\/p>\n<p>Aplikacije u Qubes-u podijeljene su u klase prema va\u017enosti obra\u0111ivanih podataka i rje\u0161avanim zadacima. Svaka klasa aplikacija (na primjer, rad, zabava, bankovne operacije), kao i sustavni servisi (mre\u017eni sustav, vatrozid, rad s pohranjivanjem, USB stog itd.), rade u odvojenim virtualnim strojevima, pokrenutim kori\u0161tenjem hipervizora Xen. U me\u0111uvremenu, navedene aplikacije dostupne su unutar jednog radnog stola i isti\u010du se razli\u010ditim bojama okvira prozora. Svako okru\u017eenje ima pristup za \u010ditanje osnovnom korijenskom FS-u i lokalnoj pohrani, koja se ne preklapa s pohranama drugih okru\u017eenja, a za organizaciju interakcije aplikacija koristi se poseban servis.   <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izlazak Qubes OS 4.1, koji koristi virtualizaciju za izolaciju aplikacija\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/14cb7933489192c6d652e485c441b1ad.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>  <\/p>\n<p>Kao osnova za stvaranje virtualnih okru\u017eenja mo\u017ee se koristiti bazni paket Fedora i Debian, tako\u0111er zajednica podr\u017eava predlo\u0161ke za Ubuntu, Gentoo i Arch Linux. Mogu\u0107e je organizirati pristup aplikacijama u virtualnoj ma\u0161ini s Windowsom, kao i kreirati <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtualnih ma\u0161ina\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2089\">virtualnih ma\u0161ina<\/a> na bazi Whonix za omogu\u0107avanje anonimnog pristupa putem Tora. Korisni\u010dko su\u010delje izgra\u0111eno je na Xfce-u. Kada korisnik pokrene aplikaciju iz izbornika, ta aplikacija se pokre\u0107e u odre\u0111enoj virtualnoj ma\u0161ini. Sadr\u017eaj virtualnih okru\u017eenja odre\u0111uje se skupom predlo\u017eaka.     <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izlazak Qubes OS 4.1, koji koristi virtualizaciju za izolaciju aplikacija\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/d1d2d570180a1c29653bad0e795d226c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>  <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izlazak Qubes OS 4.1, koji koristi virtualizaciju za izolaciju aplikacija\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/7512630ac4acb9d7f249d4cedb82b748.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>    <\/p>\n<p>Glavne promjene:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ostvarena je mogu\u0107nost kori\u0161tenja odvojene GUI Domain okoline s komponentama za osiguranje rada grafi\u010dkog su\u010delja. Ranije su se u virtualnim okru\u017eenjima za svaku klasu aplikacija pokretali odvojeni X-server, pojednostavljeni upravitelj prozora i video-driverska zamjenska komponenta, koja je prenosila izlaz u upravlja\u010dko okru\u017eenje u kompozitnom re\u017eimu, ali su se komponente grafi\u010dkog staka, upravitelj prozora glavnog radnog stola, alati za upravljanje ekranom i grafi\u010dki upravlja\u010di izvodili u glavnom upravlja\u010dkom okru\u017eenju Dom0. Sada se funkcije povezane s grafikom mogu premjestiti iz Dom0 u odvojeno okru\u017eenje GUI Domain i odvojiti ih od komponenti upravljanja sustavom. U Dom0 je ostavljen samo posebni pozadinski proces za pru\u017eanje pristupa odre\u0111enim stranicama memorije. Podr\u0161ka za GUI Domain je trenutno eksperimentalna i nije uklju\u010dena prema zadanim postavkama.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je eksperimentalna podr\u0161ka za Audio Domain, odvojeno okru\u017eenje za izvo\u0111enje zvuka <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"poslu\u017eitelja\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3791\">poslu\u017eitelja<\/a>, koje omogu\u0107uje izdvajanje komponenti za obradu zvuka iz Dom0.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodani su pozadinski proces qrexec-policy i novi sustav pravila za RPC mehanizam Qrexec, koji omogu\u0107uje izvr\u0161avanje naredbi u kontekstu odre\u0111enih virtualnih okru\u017eenja. Sustav pravila Qrexec definira tko, \u0161to i gdje mo\u017ee raditi u Qubes-u. Nova verzija pravila razlikuje se po fleksibilnijem formatu, zna\u010dajnom pove\u0107anju performansi i sustavu obavijesti, \u0161to olak\u0161ava dijagnosticiranje problema. Dodana je mogu\u0107nost izvo\u0111enja Qrexec servisa kao servera dostupnog putem socketa (socket server).\n<li class=\"l\"> Predlo\u017eena su tri nova predlo\u0161ka virtualnih okru\u017eenja na bazi Gentoo Linuxa \u2014 minimalno, s Xfce i s GNOME.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementirana je nova infrastruktura za podr\u0161ku, automatiziranu izgradnju i testiranje dodatnih predlo\u017eaka virtualnih okru\u017eenja. Osim Gentoo, infrastruktura podr\u017eava predlo\u0161ke s Arch Linuxom i testiranje Linux jezgre.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pobolj\u0161an je sustav izgradnje i testiranja, dodana je podr\u0161ka za provjeru u sustavu kontinuirane integracije temeljenom na GitLab CI.\n<li class=\"l\"> Obavljen je rad na implementaciji podr\u0161ke za ponovljive izgradnje okru\u017eenja temeljenog na Debianu, koje se mo\u017ee koristiti za potvrdu da su Qubes komponenti izgra\u0111eni isklju\u010divo iz izjavljenih izvora i ne sadr\u017ee strane promjene, \u010dije bi umetanje, primjerice, moglo biti izvr\u0161eno napadom na infrastrukturu za izgradnju ili ugra\u0111ivanjem u prevoditelja.\n<li class=\"l\"> Prepisana je implementacija vatrozida.    <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izlazak Qubes OS 4.1, koji koristi virtualizaciju za izolaciju aplikacija\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/8c08509ca530f20cad5d8eb846850d86.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>\n<li class=\"l\">  Okru\u017eenja sys-firewall i sys-usb sada se prema zadanim postavkama pokre\u0107u u na\u010dinu \"disposable\", tj. su jednokratna i mogu se stvarati na zahtjev.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pobolj\u0161ana je podr\u0161ka za ekrane s visokom gusto\u0107om piksela.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je podr\u0161ka za razli\u010dite oblike kursora.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementirana je obavijest o nedostatku slobodnog prostora na disku.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je podr\u0161ka za paranoidni na\u010din vra\u0107anja sigurnosne kopije, u kojem se za vra\u0107anje koristi jednokratno virtualno okru\u017eenje.\n<li class=\"l\"> U instalatoru je omogu\u0107eno odabir izme\u0111u Debiana i Fedoru za predlo\u0161ke virtualnih ma\u0161ina.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodano je novo grafi\u010dko su\u010delje za upravljanje a\u017euriranjima.  <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izlazak Qubes OS 4.1, koji koristi virtualizaciju za izolaciju aplikacija\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/3a6c39d150b0c18eef06f377e25ca95f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je utilita Template Manager za instalaciju, uklanjanje i a\u017euriranje predlo\u017eaka.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pobolj\u0161an je mehanizam distribucije predlo\u017eaka.\n<li class=\"l\"> Osnovno okru\u017eenje Dom0 a\u017eurirano je na paketnu bazu Fedora 32. Predlo\u0161ke za formiranje virtualnih okru\u017eenja a\u017eurirani su na Fedora 34, Debian 11 i Whonix 16. Po defaultu je ponu\u0111ena jezgra Linux 5.10. A\u017eurirani su hipervizor Xen 4.14 i grafi\u010dko okru\u017eenje Xfce 4.14.    <\/ul>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56641\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Qubes 4.1, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u041e\u0421 (\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441 6 \u0413\u0431 \u041e\u0417\u0423 \u0438 64-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c CPU Intel \u0438\u043b\u0438 AMD \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 VT-x c EPT\/AMD-v c RVI [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":103195,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103194","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 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