{"id":104123,"date":"2022-05-23T15:36:40","date_gmt":"2022-05-23T13:36:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-18"},"modified":"2022-05-23T15:36:40","modified_gmt":"2022-05-23T13:36:40","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-18","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-18","title":{"rendered":"Izlazak jezgre Linux 5.18","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nakon dva mjeseca razvoja, Linus Torvalds predstavio je izdanje jezgre Linux 5.18. Me\u0111u najistaknutijim promjenama: provedena je velika \u010di\u0161\u0107enja zastarjelih funkcionalnosti, objavljena je zastarjela datote\u010dna sustava Reiserfs, implementirani su doga\u0111aji pra\u0107enja korisni\u010dkih procesa, dodana je podr\u0161ka za mehanizam blokiranja rada eksploitova Intel IBT, uklju\u010den je na\u010din otkrivanja preoptere\u0107enja bafera prilikom kori\u0161tenja funkcije memcpy(), dodan je mehanizam pra\u0107enja poziva funkcija fprobe, pobolj\u0161ane su performanse raspore\u0111iva\u010da zadataka na CPU AMD Zen, u sastav je uklju\u010den upravlja\u010dki program za upravljanje funkcionalno\u0161\u0107u CPU Intel (SDS), integriran je dio zakrpa za restrukturiranje zaglavlja, odobrena je primjena standarda C11.      <\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e 16206 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 2127 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 (\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e 14203 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 1995 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432),  \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 &#8212; 108 \u041c\u0411 (\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 14235 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 1340982 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 593836 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a). \u041e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 44% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 5.18 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 16% \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440, 11% \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c, 3% &#8212; \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 3% c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430.           <\/p>\n<p>Glavne novosti u jezgri 5.18:    <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistem diska, ulaz\/izlaz i datote\u010dni sustavi<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> U datote\u010dnom sustavu Btrfs dodana je podr\u0161ka za proslje\u0111ivanje komprimiranih podataka prilikom izvo\u0111enja operacija slanja i primanja. Prije se prilikom kori\u0161tenja slanja\/primanja, strana koja \u0161alje nekomprimirane podatke, raspakiravala prije nego \u0161to su ponovno komprimirani prilikom zapisivanja. U jezgri 5.18 aplikacijama u korisni\u010dkom prostoru, koje koriste pozive slanja\/primanja, omogu\u0107en je prijenos komprimiranih podataka bez ponovnog pakiranja. Funkcionalnost je implementirana zahvaljuju\u0107i novim ioctl operacijama BTRFS_IOC_ENCODED_READ i BTRFS_IOC_ENCODED_WRITE, koje omogu\u0107uju izravno \u010ditanje i pisanje informacija u ekstente.\n<p>Osim toga, u Btrfs pobolj\u0161ane su performanse fsync. Dodana je mogu\u0107nost deduplikanja i izvo\u0111enja reflink (kloniranje metapodataka datoteke s kreiranjem veze na ve\u0107 postoje\u0107e podatke bez stvarnog kopiranja) za cijelo skladi\u0161te, ne ograni\u010davaju\u0107i se na to\u010dke montiranja.         <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> U na\u010dinu direktnog ulaza\/izlaza (Direct I\/O) omogu\u0107ena je mogu\u0107nost pristupa enkriptiranim datotekama kori\u0161tenjem inline enkripcije u fscrypt-u, gdje operacije enkripcije i dekripcije obavlja kontroler ure\u0111aja, a ne jezgro. Kod obi\u010dne enkripcije snagom jezgra, pristup enkriptiranim datotekama putem Direct I\/O i dalje nije mogu\u0107, budu\u0107i da se pristup datotekama vr\u0161i mimo mehanizma ke\u0161iranja u jezgru.\n<li class=\"l\"> Na NFS poslu\u017eitelju podr\u0161ka za NFSv3 protokol je po defaultu omogu\u0107ena, sada ne zahtijeva posebno uklju\u010divanje i dostupna je pri op\u0107em uklju\u010divanju NFS-a. NFSv3 se smatra osnovnom i uvijek podr\u017eavanom verzijom NFS-a, dok bi podr\u0161ka za NFSv2 mogla biti prekinuta u budu\u0107nosti. Zna\u010dajno je pove\u0107ana u\u010dinkovitost \u010ditanja sadr\u017eaja direktorija.\n<li class=\"l\"> Datote\u010dni sustav ReiserFS preba\u010den je u status zastarjelog i o\u010dekuje se njegovo uklanjanje 2025. godine. Prebacivanje ReiserFS-a u status zastarjelog omogu\u0107it \u0107e smanjenje radnih tro\u0161kova za odr\u017eavanje zajedni\u010dkih promjena za datote\u010dne sustave, vezanih uz podr\u0161ku novog API-ja za montiranje, iomap i foliante.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za F2FS implementirana je mogu\u0107nost mapiranja korisni\u010dkih identifikatora montiranih datote\u010dnih sustava, koja se koristi za uskla\u0111ivanje datoteka odre\u0111enog korisnika na montiranom tu\u0111em dijelu s drugim korisnikom u trenutnom sustavu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Kod za izra\u010dun statistike u ure\u0111iva\u010dima Device-mapper preure\u0111en je, \u0161to je zna\u010dajno pove\u0107alo to\u010dnost ra\u010dunanja u takvim ure\u0111iva\u010dima kao \u0161to su dm-crypt.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za NVMe ure\u0111aje implementirana je podr\u0161ka za 64-bitne kontrolne zbrojeve za provjeru cjelovitosti.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b exfat \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f &#171;keep_last_dots&#187;, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 (\u0432 Windows \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 EXT4 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 fast_commit  \u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u041e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f &#171;mb_optimize_scan&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0424\u0421, \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438.\n<li class=\"l\"> Prekida se podr\u0161ka za zapisne tokove (write stream) u podsustavu koja osigurava rad blokovnih ure\u0111aja. Ova mogu\u0107nost je predlo\u017eena za SSD, ali nije se \u0161irila i trenutno ne postoje ure\u0111aji koji podr\u017eavaju ovaj na\u010din, a malo je vjerojatno da \u0107e se oni pojaviti u budu\u0107nosti.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Memorija i sistemske usluge<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Zapo\u010dela je integracija skupa ispravaka koji zna\u010dajno skra\u0107uje vrijeme ponovne izrade jezgre restrukturiranjem hijerarhije zaglavlja i smanjenjem broja me\u0111uzavisnosti. U jezgru 5.18 uklju\u010dene su ispravke koje optimiziraju strukturu zaglavlja planera zadataka (kernel\/sched). U usporedbi s pro\u0161lim izdanjem, potro\u0161nja procesorskog vremena pri izradi koda kernel\/sched\/ smanjena je za 61%, dok je stvarno vrijeme smanjeno za 3,9% (s 2,95 na 2,84 sekunde).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 C11, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 2011 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0420\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 ANSI C (\u042189), \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0432 1989 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.  \u0412 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 5.18 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f &#8216;&#8212;std=gnu89&#8217; \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 &#8216;&#8212;std=gnu11 -Wno-shift-negative-value&#8217;. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c  \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 C17, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e GCC, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 C11 \u0443\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 GCC (5.1).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pove\u0107ana je u\u010dinkovitost planiranja zadataka na AMD procesorima s mikroarhitekturom Zen, gdje je za svaki \u010dvor s lokalnim memorijskim kanalima osigurano vi\u0161e posljednjih nivoa predmemorije (LLC, Last Level Cache). U novoj verziji ispravljen je disbalans LLC izme\u0111u NUMA \u010dvorova, \u0161to je uzrokovalo zna\u010dajno pobolj\u0161anje performansi pod odre\u0111enim vrstama optere\u0107enja.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro\u0161ireni su alati za pra\u0107enje aplikacija u korisni\u010dkom prostoru. U novoj verziji jezgre dodana je mogu\u0107nost stvaranja doga\u0111aja pra\u0107enja od strane korisni\u010dkih procesa i zapisivanja podataka u predmemoriju pra\u0107enja, koje se mogu pregledati kroz standardne alate za pra\u0107enje jezgre kao \u0161to su ftrace i perf. Doga\u0111aji pra\u0107enja iz korisni\u010dkog prostora su izolirani od doga\u0111aja pra\u0107enja jezgre. Stanje doga\u0111aja mo\u017ee se pregledati kroz datoteku \/sys\/kernel\/debug\/tracing\/user_events_status, dok se registracija doga\u0111aja i zapisivanje podataka vr\u0161i kroz datoteku \/sys\/kernel\/debug\/tracing\/user_events_data.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (probe) \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 &#8212; fprobe. API fprobe \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 ftrace, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f callback-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 kprobes \u0438 kretprobes, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439.\n<li class=\"l\"> Prekinuta je podr\u0161ka za stare ARM procesore (ARMv4 i ARMv5) koji nemaju jedinicu za upravljanje memorijom (MMU). Podr\u0161ka za ARMv7-M sisteme bez MMU je o\u010duvana.\n<li class=\"l\"> Prekinuta je podr\u0161ka za RISC-sli\u010dnu arhitekturu NDS32, koja se koristila u procesorima kompanije Andes Technologies. Kod je uklonjen zbog nedostatka podr\u0161ke i neiskori\u0161tenosti NDS32 podr\u0161ke u glavnoj Linux jezgri (preostali korisnici koriste specijalizirane verzije jezgre od proizvo\u0111a\u010da opreme).\n<li class=\"l\"> Podrazumijevano je onemogu\u0107ena izrada jezgre sa podr\u0161kom za a.out format izvr\u0161nih datoteka za arhitekture alpha i m68k, gdje se taj format i dalje koristi. Vjerojatno \u0107e podr\u0161ka zastarjelog a.out formata uskoro biti potpuno uklonjena iz jezgre. Planovi za uklanjanje a.out formata raspravljaju se od 2019. godine.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za PA-RISC arhitekturu implementirana je minimalna podr\u0161ka za vDSO (virtualne dinami\u010dke zajedni\u010dke objekte), koja pru\u017ea ograni\u010den set sistemskih poziva dostupnih u korisni\u010dkom prostoru bez prebacivanja konteksta. Podr\u0161ka vDSO omogu\u0107ila je pokretanje s neizvr\u0161ivim stekom.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je podr\u0161ka za mehanizam Intel HFI (Hardware Feedback Interface), koji omogu\u0107ava hardveru prijenos informacija jezgru o trenutnoj performansi i energetskoj u\u010dinkovitosti svakog CPU-a.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 Intel SDSi (Software-Defined Silicon), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0435 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u044d\u0448-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c). \u0418\u0434\u0435\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e &#171;\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c&#187; \u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0447\u0438\u043f\u0430.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodani su drajveri amd_hsmp za podr\u0161ku AMD HSMP (Host System Management Port) su\u010delju, koji omogu\u0107ava pristup funkcijama upravljanja procesorom putem skupa specijalnih registara uvedenih u AMD EPYC server procesorima po\u010dev\u0161i od Fam19h generacije. Na primjer, putem HSMP-a mogu\u0107e je dobiti podatke o potro\u0161nji energije i temperaturi, postaviti ograni\u010denja na frekvenciju, aktivirati razli\u010dite na\u010dine pove\u0107anja performansi, te upravljati parametrima rada memorije.\n<li class=\"l\"> U su\u010delju asinkronog ulaza\/izlaza io_uring implementirana je opcija IORING_SETUP_SUBMIT_ALL za registraciju u kru\u017enom baferu skupa deskriptora datoteka, kao i operacija IORING_OP_MSG_RING, koja omogu\u0107ava slanje signala iz jednog kru\u017enog bafera u drugi kru\u017eni bafer.\n<li class=\"l\"> U mehanizmu DAMOS (Data Access Monitoring-based Operation Schemes), koji omogu\u0107ava osloba\u0111anje memorije uzimaju\u0107i u obzir u\u010destalost pristupa memoriji, pro\u0161irene su mogu\u0107nosti kontrole operacija s memorijom iz prostora korisnika.\n<li class=\"l\"> Integrirana je tre\u0107a serija zakrpa s implementacijom koncepta folija stranica memorije (page folios), koji podsje\u0107aju na spojene stranice memorije (compound pages), ali se razlikuju pobolj\u0161anom semantikom i jasnijom organizacijom rada. Kori\u0161tenje folija omogu\u0107ava br\u017ee upravljanje memorijom u nekim podsistemima jezgre. U predlo\u017eenim zakrpama izvr\u0161en je prijenos na folije unutarnjih funkcija upravljanja memorijom, uklju\u010duju\u0107i varijante funkcije get_user_pages(). Pru\u017eena je podr\u0161ka za stvaranje velikih folija u kodu unaprijed pro\u010ditane podatke.\n<li class=\"l\"> U sustavu izgradnje uvedena je podr\u0161ka za varijable okru\u017eenja USERCFLAGS i USERLDFLAGS, pomo\u0107u kojih se mogu prenijeti dodatne zastavice kompajleru i linkeru.\n<li class=\"l\"> U eBPF podsustavu, u mehanizmu BTF (BPF Type Format), koji pru\u017ea informacije za provjeru tipova u BPF pseudokodu, implementirana je mogu\u0107nost dodavanja anotacija varijablama koje se odnose na memorijske prostore u korisni\u010dkom prostoru. Anotacije poma\u017eu sustavu verifikacije BPF koda u kvalitetnijem prepoznavanju i provjeri pristupa memoriji.\n<li class=\"l\"> Predlo\u017een je novi upravitelj dodjele memorije za pohranu u\u010ditanih BPF programa, koji omogu\u0107ava u\u010dinkovitije kori\u0161tenje memorije u situacijama u\u010ditavanja velikog broja BPF programa.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 madvise(), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433 MADV_DONTNEED_LOCKED, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433 MADV_DONTNEED, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u0442.\u0435. \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 MADV_DONTNEED \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 MADV_DONTNEED_LOCKED \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u041e\u0417\u0423 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435  madvise \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435   \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 &#171;page fault&#187; \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433  MADV_DONTNEED  \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0432 HugeTLB.              <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizacija i sigurnost<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Za arhitekturu x86 dodana je podr\u0161ka za mehanizam za\u0161tite toka izvr\u0161avanja instrukcija Intel IBT (Indirect Branch Tracking), koji spre\u010dava primjenu tehnika izrade exploit-a kori\u0161tenjem povratno-orijentiranog programiranja (ROP, Return-Oriented Programming), pri kojem se exploit formira u obliku lanca poziva ve\u0107 postoje\u0107ih u memoriji dijelova strojnih instrukcija, zavr\u0161avaju\u0107i instrukcijom vra\u0107anja kontrole (obi\u010dno se radi o zavr\u0161ecima funkcija). Su\u0161tina realizovane metode za\u0161tite je u blokiranju indirektnih prijelaza unutar funkcije dodavanjem posebne instrukcije ENDBR na po\u010detak funkcije, a dozvoljava se izvr\u0161enje putem indirektnog prijelaza samo u slu\u010daju prelaska na ovu instrukciju (indirektni poziv putem JMP i CALL uvijek mora zadesiti instrukciju ENDBR, koja je smje\u0161tena na samom po\u010detku funkcije).\n<li class=\"l\"> Uklju\u010dena je stro\u017ea provjera ograni\u010denja bafera u funkcijama memcpy(), memmove() i memset(), koja se vr\u0161i tokom kompilacije kada je uklju\u010den re\u017eim CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE. Dodana promjena se svodi na provjeru izlaska izvan granica elemenata struktura \u010dija je veli\u010dina poznata. Napominje se da bi realizovana mogu\u0107nost omogu\u0107ila blokiranje svih buffer overflow-a vezanih uz memcpy() u jezgru, otkrivenih barem u posljednje tri godine.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je druga verzija koda a\u017eurirane implementacije generatora pseudonarandim brojeva RDRAND, koja je zadu\u017eena za rad ure\u0111aja \/dev\/random i \/dev\/urandom. Nova implementacija je zna\u010dajna po unifikaciji rada \/dev\/random i \/dev\/urandom, dodavanju za\u0161tite od dupliciranja u toku slu\u010dajnih brojeva prilikom pokretanja. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtualnih ma\u0161ina\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2100\">virtualnih ma\u0161ina<\/a> i prelaskom na kori\u0161tenje hash funkcije BLAKE2s umjesto SHA1 za operacije mije\u0161anja entropije. Ova promjena pove\u0107ava sigurnost generatora pseudonarandim brojeva, uklanjanjem problemati\u010dnog algoritma SHA1 i isklju\u010divanjem prepisivanja inicijalizacijskog vektora RNG-a. Budu\u0107i da algoritam BLAKE2s prema\u0161uje SHA1 po performansama, njegova primjena je tako\u0111er pozitivno utjecala na u\u010dinkovitost.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b ARM64 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u0430    \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 &#8212; &#171;QARMA3&#187;, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u0430 QARMA \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b. \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 ARM64 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b ARM64 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 GCC 12 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435. \u0421\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c &#171;\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043c&#187; \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 (keyring) &#8212; &#171;machine&#187;, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b (MOK, Machine Owner Keys), \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 shim-\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0435. \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430).\n<li class=\"l\"> Uklonjena je podr\u0161ka za asimetri\u010dne privatne klju\u010deve za TPM, koji su predlo\u017eeni u zastarjeloj verziji TPM-a, imaju poznate sigurnosne probleme i nisu na\u0161li primjenu u praksi.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je za\u0161tita podataka tipa size_t od cjelobrojnih prelivanja. U kodu su kori\u0161teni handleri size_mul(), size_add() i size_sub(), koji omogu\u0107avaju sigurno izvo\u0111enje mno\u017eenja, sabiranja i oduzimanja veli\u010dina tipa size_t.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438 &#171;-Warray-bounds&#187; \u0438  &#171;-Wzero-length-bounds&#187;, \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b.\n<li class=\"l\"> U virtio-crypto ure\u0111aj dodana je podr\u0161ka za enkripciju koriste\u0107i RSA algoritam.                                 <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Mre\u017eni subsistem<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> U implementaciju mre\u017enih mostova dodana je podr\u0161ka za na\u010din zaklju\u010davanja portova (locked mode), gdje korisnik mo\u017ee slati promet samo preko dozvoljenog MAC adresa. Tako\u0111er je dodana mogu\u0107nost kori\u0161tenja vi\u0161e struktura za procjenu stanja STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) protokola. Ranije se za VLAN mogao koristiti samo izravni pristup STP-u (1:1), gdje je svaki VLAN bio neovisno upravljan. U novoj verziji dodana je opcija mst_enable, pri \u010demu se stanje VLAN-ova kontrolira pomo\u0107u MST (Multiple Spanning Trees) modula, a vezivanja VLAN-ova mo\u017ee odgovarati M:N modelu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nastavljena je integracija u mre\u017eni sloj alata za pra\u0107enje uzroka odbacivanja paketa (kodeva reason). Kod uzroka se \u0161alje prilikom osloba\u0111anja memorije povezane s paketom i omogu\u0107ava prepoznavanje situacija poput odbacivanja paketa zbog gre\u0161aka u ispunjavanju polja u zaglavlju, otkrivanje spoofinga putem rp_filter-a, neispravne kontrolne sume, nedostatka memorije, uskla\u0111ivanja IPSec XFRM pravila, neispravnog TCP broja sekvencije itd.\n<li class=\"l\"> Omogu\u0107eno je proslje\u0111ivanje mre\u017enih paketa iz BPF programa pokrenutih iz korisni\u010dkog prostora u re\u017eimu BPF_PROG_RUN, gdje se BPF programi izvr\u0161avaju unutar jezgre, ali rezultati se vra\u0107aju u korisni\u010dki prostor. Paketi se prenose koriste\u0107i XDP (eXpress Data Path) podsustav. Podr\u017eava se live na\u010din obrade paketa, gdje XDP obrtnik mo\u017ee u stvarnom vremenu preusmjeravati mre\u017ene pakete u mre\u017eni stog ili na druge ure\u0111aje. Tako\u0111er je mogu\u0107e stvarati softverske generatore vanjskog prometa ili umetati mre\u017ene okvire u mre\u017eni stog.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za BPF programe koji se ve\u017eu uz mre\u017ene cgroups, predlo\u017eene su pomo\u0107ne funkcije za izri\u010dito postavljanje vrijednosti koju vra\u0107aju sistemski pozivi, \u0161to omogu\u0107uje slanje potpunijih informacija o uzrocima blokiranja sistemskog poziva.\n<li class=\"l\"> U XDP (eXpress Data Path) podsustav dodana je podr\u0161ka za fragmentirane pakete smje\u0161tene u vi\u0161e bafera, \u0161to omogu\u0107ava obradu Jumbo-paketa u XDP-u i primjenu TSO\/GRO (TCP Segmentation Offload\/Generic Receive Offload) za XDP_REDIRECT.\n<li class=\"l\"> Znatno je ubrzan proces brisanja mre\u017enih prostora imena, \u0161to je bilo potrebno u nekim velikim sustavima s velikim prometom.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Oprema<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> U amdgpu drajveru, tehnologija adaptivne sinhronizacije FreeSync je po defaultu aktivirana, \u0161to omogu\u0107ava prilago\u0111avanje frekvencije osve\u017eavanja na ekranu, osiguravaju\u0107i glatko\u0107u i uklanjanje prekida slike tokom igara i gledanja videa. Stabilna podr\u0161ka za GPU Aldebaran je objavljena.\n<li class=\"l\"> U i915 drajveru dodata je podr\u0161ka za Intel Alderlake N \u010dipove i diskretne Intel DG2-G12 (Arc Alchemist) grafi\u010dke kartice.\n<li class=\"l\"> U nouveau drajveru osigurana je podr\u0161ka za vi\u0161e bitrate-a za DP\/eDP interfejse i podr\u0161ka za produ\u017eiva\u010de kablova lttprs (Link-Training Tunable PHY Repeaters).\n<li class=\"l\"> U drm (Direct Rendering Manager) podsystemu, u armada, exynos, gma500, hyperv, imx, ingenic, mcde, mediatek, msm, omap, rcar-du, rockchip, sprd, sti, tegra, tilcdc, xen i vc4 drajverima dodata je podr\u0161ka za nomodeset parametar, koji omogu\u0107ava isklju\u010divanje prebacivanja video re\u017eima na nivou jezgra i kori\u0161\u0107enje sredstava za hardversko ubrzanje renderovanja, ostavljaju\u0107i samo funkcionalnost vezanu za sistemski frame buffer.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodata je podr\u0161ka za ARM SoC Qualcomm Snapdragon 625\/632 (koristi se u LG Nexus 5X i Fairphone FP3 pametnim telefonima), Samsung Exynos 850, Samsung Exynos 7885 (koristi se u Samsung Galaxy A8), Airoha (Mediatek\/EcoNet) EN7523, Mediatek mt6582 (tableta Prestigio PMT5008 3G), Microchip Lan966, Renesas RZ\/G2LC, RZ\/V2L, Tesla FSD, TI K3\/AM62 i i.MXRTxxxx.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodata je podr\u0161ka za ARM ure\u0111aje i plo\u010de Broadcom (Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W), Qualcomm (Google Herobrine R1 Chromebook, SHIFT6mq, Samsung Galaxy Book2), Rockchip (Pine64 PineNote, Bananapi-R2-Pro, STM32 Emtrion emSBS, Samsung Galaxy Tab S, Prestigio PMT5008 3G tablet), Allwinner (A20-Marsboard), Amlogic (Amediatek X96-AIR, CYX A95XF3-AIR, Haochuangy H96-Max, Amlogic AQ222 i OSMC Vero 4K+), Aspeed (Quanta S6Q, ASRock ROMED8HM3), Marvell MVEBU\/Armada (Ctera C200 V1 i V2 NAS), Mstar (DongShanPiOne, Miyoo Mini), NXP i.MX (Protonic PRT8MM, emCON-MX8M Mini, Toradex Verdin, Gateworks GW7903).\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodata je podr\u0161ka za zvu\u010dne sisteme i kodeke AMD PDM, Atmel PDMC, Awinic AW8738, i.MX TLV320AIC31xx, Intel CS35L41, ESSX8336, Mediatek MT8181, nVidia Tegra234, Qualcomm SC7280, Renesas RZ\/V2L, Texas Instruments TAS585M. Implementacija zvu\u010dnog drajvera za DSP \u010dip Intel AVS je zapo\u010deta. A\u017eurirana je podr\u0161ka za drajvere za Intel ADL i Tegra234, kao i izvr\u0161ene izmene za pobolj\u0161anje podr\u0161ke za zvuk na ure\u0111ajima Dell, HP, Lenovo, ASUS, Samsung i Clevo.    <\/ul>\n<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u041e \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b  \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 5.18 &#8212; Linux-libre 5.18-gnu, \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442  \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c. \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432    \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 MIPI DBI, VPU Amphion, WiFi MediaTek MT7986 WMAC, Mediatek MT7921U (USB) \u0438 Realtek 8852a\/8852c, \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 Intel AVS \u0438  Texas Instruments TAS5805M. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 DTS-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 SoC Qualcomm \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b AArch64. \u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0451\u043d \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 AMD GPU, MediaTek MT7915, Silicon Labs WF200+ WiFi, Mellanox Spectru Ethernet, Realtek rtw8852c, Qualcomm Q6V5, Wolfson ADSP, MediaTek HCI UART.                         <\/ul>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=57235\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.18. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0424\u0421 Reiserfs, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 Intel IBT, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0451\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 memcpy(), \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 fprobe, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.18.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri 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