{"id":105238,"date":"2022-10-02T15:36:41","date_gmt":"2022-10-02T13:36:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/razrabotchiki-debian-utverdili-postavku-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-ustanovochnyh-nositelyah"},"modified":"2022-10-02T15:36:41","modified_gmt":"2022-10-02T13:36:41","slug":"razrabotchiki-debian-utverdili-postavku-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-ustanovochnyh-nositelyah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/razrabotchiki-debian-utverdili-postavku-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-ustanovochnyh-nositelyah","title":{"rendered":"Developeri Debiana odobrili su uklju\u010divanje proprietarnih firmvera u instalacijske medije","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Objavljeni su rezultati op\u0107eg glasovanja (GR, general resolution) programera Debian projekta, koji su sudjelovali u odr\u017eavanju paketa i infrastrukture, na kojem je razmatrano pitanje isporuke proprietarnih firmware-a u slu\u017ebenim instalacijskim slikama i live verzijama. U glasovanju je pobijedio peti prijedlog 'Izmijeniti Javni ugovor za isporuku neslobodnih firmware-a u instalatoru uz pru\u017eanje jedinstvenih instalacijskih slika'. <\/p>\n

Odabrana opcija podrazumijeva izmjenu Dru\u0161tvenog ugovora (Debian Social Contract), koji definira osnovna na\u010dela projekta i obveze projekta prema zajednici. U peti stavak dru\u0161tvenog ugovora, koji sadr\u017ei zahtjev za po\u0161tivanje standarda slobodnog softvera, bit \u0107e dodana napomena da slu\u017ebeni mediji Debiana mogu uklju\u010divati firmvere koji nisu dio sustava Debian, ako je to potrebno za rad distribucije na opremi za koju su potrebni takvi firmveri. <\/p>\n

U slu\u017ebene instalacijske medije i live slike Debian bit \u0107e uklju\u010deni paketi iz sekcije 'non-free-firmware', iz koje su iz repozitorija non-free izuzeti komponente vezane uz firmware. Ako postoji oprema koja zahtijeva vanjske firmware-e, kori\u0161tenje potrebnih proprietarnih firmware-a bit \u0107e uklju\u010deno kao zadano. Istovremeno, za korisnike koji preferiraju samo slobodan softver, tijekom pokretanja bit \u0107e omogu\u0107eno isklju\u010divanje kori\u0161tenja neslobodnih firmware-a. <\/p>\n

Osim toga, u instalatoru i live-slici bit \u0107e pru\u017eene informacije o tome koji tip firmvera je u\u010ditan. Podaci o kori\u0161tenim firmverima tako\u0111er \u0107e biti sa\u010duvani u instaliranom sustavu kako bi korisnik mogao kasnije dobiti informacije o kori\u0161tenim firmverima. Ako su firmveri potrebni za rad opreme nakon instalacije, sustav tako\u0111er nudi prema zadanim postavkama dodavanje repozitorija non-free-firmware u datoteku sources.list, \u0161to \u0107e omogu\u0107iti primanje a\u017euriranja firmvera s ispravcima ranjivosti i va\u017enih gre\u0161aka. Slike s vlasni\u010dkim firmverima bit \u0107e isporu\u010dene kao slu\u017ebeni mediji, koji \u0107e zamijeniti ranije ponu\u0111ene slike bez ne-slobodnih firmvera. <\/p>\n

Pitanje isporuke firmvera postalo je relevantno jer proizvo\u0111a\u010di opreme sve vi\u0161e pribjegavaju kori\u0161tenju eksterne softverske podr\u0161ke, koja se u\u010ditava putem operativnog sustava, umjesto isporuke firmwarea pohranjenog u trajnoj memoriji samih ure\u0111aja. Ove eksterne verzije firmvera potrebne su mnogim modernim grafi\u010dkim, zvu\u010dnim i mre\u017enim adapterima. Me\u0111utim, ostaje nejasno koliko se isporuka proprietarnog firmvera poklapa s zahtjevom da se u osnovnim Debian verzijama isporu\u010duje samo slobodan softver, budu\u0107i da se firmware izvr\u0161ava na hardverskim ure\u0111ajima, a ne u sustavu, te se odnosi na opremu. Na modernim ra\u010dunalima, \u010dak i onima koja koriste potpuno slobodne distribucije, izvr\u0161avaju se firmwarei ugra\u0111eni u opremu. Razlika je samo u tome \u0161to neki firmwarei u\u010ditavaju operativni sustav, dok su drugi ve\u0107 upisani u ROM ili Flash memoriju. <\/p>\n

Do danas, proprietarni firmveri nisu uklju\u010deni u sastav slu\u017ebenih instalacijskih slika Debiana i isporu\u010duju se u zasebnom repozitoriju non-free. Instalacijske verzije s proprietarnim firmverima imaju status neofficijalnih i distribuiraju se odvojeno, \u0161to dovodi do zabune i stvara pote\u0161ko\u0107e korisnicima, budu\u0107i da se u mnogim slu\u010dajevima mo\u017ee posti\u0107i puna funkcionalnost modernih ure\u0111aja samo nakon instalacije proprietarnih firmvera. Pripremu i podr\u0161ku za neofficijalne verzije s proprietarnim firmverima tako\u0111er je obavljao Debian projekt, \u0161to je zahtijevalo dodatne resurse za izradu, testiranje i distribuciju neofficijalnih verzija koje dupliciraju slu\u017ebene. <\/p>\n

Do\u0161lo je do situacije u kojoj su neofficijalne verzije postale prednost za korisnika, ako \u017eeli posti\u0107i normalnu podr\u0161ku za svoju opremu, dok instalacija preporu\u010denih slu\u017ebenih verzija \u010desto dovodi do problema u podr\u0161ci opreme. Osim toga, kori\u0161tenje neofficijalnih verzija ote\u017eava postizanje ideala u pogledu isporuke samo otvorenog softvera i nenamjerno vodi do populariziranja proprietarnog softvera, budu\u0107i da korisnik zajedno s firmverima dobiva i povezani repozitorij non-free s drugim neslobodnim softverom.
\n
Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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