{"id":114160,"date":"2024-03-06T18:25:47","date_gmt":"2024-03-06T16:25:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/microsoft-pereimenoval-distributiv-cbl-mariner-v-azure-linux-i-opublikoval-azure-sphere-os-24-03"},"modified":"2024-03-06T18:25:47","modified_gmt":"2024-03-06T16:25:47","slug":"microsoft-pereimenoval-distributiv-cbl-mariner-v-azure-linux-i-opublikoval-azure-sphere-os-24-03","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/microsoft-pereimenoval-distributiv-cbl-mariner-v-azure-linux-i-opublikoval-azure-sphere-os-24-03","title":{"rendered":"Microsoft je preimenovao distribuciju CBL-Mariner u Azure Linux i objavio Azure Sphere OS 24.03","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tvrtka Microsoft preimenovala je distribuciju CBL-Mariner u Azure Linux. Ranije se ime Azure Linux koristilo za specijaliziranu verziju koja se instalira u Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS), dok se op\u0107a platforma za izgradnju distribucija razvijala pod imenom CBL-Mariner (Common Base Linux Mariner). Prije nekoliko dana Microsoft je preimenovao repozitorij CBL-Mariner u azurelinux, promijenio nazive alata i zamijenio spominjanje CBL-Mariner u dokumentaciji s Azure Linux. Nakon toga, izdano je prvo izdanje platforme s novim imenom \u2014 Azure Linux 2.0.20240301, u kojem su ispravljene nagomilane gre\u0161ke i sigurnosne ranjivosti u aplikacijama.    <\/p>\n<p>Projekt ima za cilj standardizaciju Linux rje\u0161enja kori\u0161tenih u Microsoft-u i pojednostavljenje odr\u017eavanja Linux sustava razli\u010ditih namjena u a\u017euriranom stanju. Izme\u0111u ostalog, distribucija se koristi u cloud infrastrukturi, edge sustavima i raznim Microsoft uslugama. Radovi na projektu distribuiraju se pod MIT licencom. Paketi su formirani za arhitekture aarch64 i x86_64. Pripremljen je bootabilni ISO imid\u017e (860 MB) za arhitekturu x86_64.        <\/p>\n<p>Distribucija Azure Linux pru\u017ea mali standardni set osnovnih paketa koji djeluju kao univerzalna osnova za izradu kontejnerske infrastrukture, host okru\u017eenja i usluga koje se pokre\u0107u u oblaku i na edge ure\u0111ajima. Slo\u017eenija i specijalizirana rje\u0161enja mogu se kreirati dodavanjem dodatnih paketa na Azure Linux, ali osnova za sve takve sustave ostaje nepromijenjena, \u0161to olak\u0161ava odr\u017eavanje i pripremu a\u017euriranja.       <\/p>\n<p>Na primjer, Azure Linux se koristi kao osnova mini distribucije WSLg, koja pru\u017ea komponente grafi\u010dkog stacka za pokretanje GUI aplikacija Linuxa u okru\u017eenjima temeljenim na WSL2 (Windows Subsystem for Linux). Pro\u0161irena funkcionalnost u WSLg ostvarena je uklju\u010divanjem dodatnih paketa s kompozitnim. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/server\/dts-prohoster\/\"   title=\"serverom\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2995\">serverom<\/a> Weston, XWayland, PulseAudio i FreeRDP.      <\/p>\n<p>Sistem za izgradnju Azure Linux omogu\u0107uje generiranje pojedina\u010dnih RPM paketa na temelju SPEC datoteka i izvornog koda, kao i monolitnih sistemskih slika, koji se formiraju pomo\u0107u alata rpm-ostree i a\u017euriraju atomskim putem bez razdvajanja na pojedina\u010dne pakete. Stoga se podr\u017eavaju dva modela isporuke a\u017euriranja: putem a\u017euriranja pojedina\u010dnih paketa i putem rekonstrukcije i a\u017euriranja cijele sistemske slike. Dostupan je repozitorij koji uklju\u010duje oko 3000 ve\u0107 sastavljenih RPM paketa, koji se mogu koristiti za sastavljanje vlastitih slika na temelju konfiguracijske datoteke.     <\/p>\n<p>Osnovna platforma uklju\u010duje samo najpotrebnije komponente i optimizirana je za minimalnu potro\u0161nju memorije i prostora na disku, kao i za visoku brzinu podizanja. U projektu se primjenjuje pristup \u201emaksimalna sigurnost prema zadanim postavkama\u201c, koji podrazumijeva uklju\u010divanje razli\u010ditih dodatnih mehanizama za pove\u0107anje za\u0161tite:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Filtriranje sistemskih poziva putem mehanizma seccomp.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0160ifriranje particija diska.\n<li class=\"l\"> Verifikacija paketa putem digitalnog potpisa.\n<li class=\"l\"> Randorizacija adresnog prostora.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za\u0161tita od napada povezanih s simboli\u010dkim vezama, mmap, \/dev\/mem i \/dev\/kmem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Re\u017eim samo za \u010ditanje i zabrana izvr\u0161avanja koda u podru\u010djima memorije u kojima se nalaze segmenti s podacima jezgre i modula.\n<li class=\"l\"> Opcija za zabranu u\u010ditavanja modula jezgre nakon inicijalizacije sustava.\n<li class=\"l\"> Kori\u0161tenje iptables za filtriranje mre\u017enih paketa.\n<li class=\"l\"> Uklju\u010divanje na\u010dina za\u0161tite od prepunjenja steka, prepunjenja bafera i problema s formatiranjem nizova (_FORTIFY_SOURCE, -fstack-protector, -Wformat-security, relro) prilikom izgradnje.   <\/ul>\n<p>Za upravljanje uslugama i optere\u0107enjem koristi se sistemski menad\u017eer systemd. Za upravljanje paketima dostupni su menad\u017eeri paketa RPM i DNF. SSH server prema zadanim postavkama nije uklju\u010den. Za instalaciju distribucije dostupan je instalater koji mo\u017ee raditi u tekstualnom ili grafi\u010dkom na\u010dinu. U instalateru se nudi mogu\u0107nost instalacije s punim ili osnovnim paketima, kao i su\u010delje za odabir particije, odabir imena doma\u0107ina i kreiranje korisnika.    <\/p>\n<p>Osim promjena vezanih uz CBL-Mariner i Azure Linux, tvrtka Microsoft tako\u0111er je predstavila novo izdanje platforme Azure Sphere 24.03, temeljene na Linux kernelu, koja je namijenjena stvaranju ure\u0111aja interneta stvari temeljenih na energetski u\u010dinkovitih mikro kontrolerima (MCU, microcontroller unit) s integriranim perifernim sustavima. Jedna od zna\u010dajki platforme je Pluton podsustav, koji osigurava hardverska sredstva za enkripciju, pohranu tajnih klju\u010deva i izvo\u0111enje slo\u017eenih kriptografskih operacija. Pluton uklju\u010duje posebni potporni procesor, kriptografski motor, hardverski generator slu\u010dajnih brojeva i izoliranu pohranu klju\u010deva.<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60740\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Microsoft \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 CBL-Mariner \u0432 Azure Linux. \u0420\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f Azure Linux \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432 Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS), \u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c CBL-Mariner (Common Base Linux Mariner). \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 Microsoft \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 CBL-Mariner \u0432 azurelinux, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 CBL-Mariner \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Microsoft \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 CBL-Mariner \u0432 Azure Linux.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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