{"id":115013,"date":"2024-04-12T14:30:14","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T12:30:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/beta-vypusk-ubuntu-24-04"},"modified":"2024-04-12T14:30:14","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T12:30:14","slug":"beta-vypusk-ubuntu-24-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/beta-vypusk-ubuntu-24-04","title":{"rendered":"Beta izdanja Ubuntu 24.04","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Predstavljen je beta-izdanje distribucije Ubuntu 24.04 \u201eNoble Numbat\u201c, nakon \u010dega je izvr\u0161ena potpuna zamrzavanje paketske baze, a programeri su pre\u0161li na kona\u010dno testiranje i ispravljanje gre\u0161aka. Izdanje je zakazano za 25. travnja. Grana 24.04 pripada kategoriji izdanja s dugotrajnom podr\u0161kom (LTS), a a\u017euriranja se pru\u017eaju tijekom 12 godina (5 godina \u2014 javno dostupna, plus jo\u0161 7 godina za korisnike usluge Ubuntu Pro). Gotove testne slike su stvorene za Ubuntu, Ubuntu Server, Lubuntu, Kubuntu, Ubuntu Mate, Ubuntu Budgie, Ubuntu Studio, Xubuntu, UbuntuKylin (izdanje za Kinu), Ubuntu Unity, Edubuntu i Ubuntu Cinnamon.    <\/p>\n<p>Glavne promjene:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Radna povr\u0161ina je a\u017eurirana na izdanje GNOME 46, koje je uvelo funkcionalnost globalne pretrage, pobolj\u0161alo performanse upravitelja datoteka i terminalskih emulatora, dodalo eksperimentalnu podr\u0161ku za mehanizam VRR (Variable Refresh Rate), pobolj\u0161alo kvalitetu izlaza pri fractional scalingu, pro\u0161irilo mogu\u0107nosti povezivanja s vanjskim servisima, a\u017euriralo konfigurator i pobolj\u0161alo sustav obavijesti. U GTK-u je kori\u0161ten novi motor za crtanje koji se temelji na Vulkan API-ju. Aplikacija za rad s kamerom Cheese zamijenjena je s GNOME Snapshot.\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux jezgra je a\u017eurirana na verziju 6.8.\n<li class=\"l\"> U skladu s promjenama u Arch Linux-u i Fedora Linux-u, parametar sysctl vm.max_map_count, koji odre\u0111uje maksimalni broj dostupnih podru\u010dja mape memorije za proces, po defaultu je pove\u0107an s 65530 na 1048576. Ova promjena pobolj\u0161ala je kompatibilnost s Windows igrama koje se pokre\u0107u putem Wine-a (na primjer, igre poput DayZ, Hogwarts Legacy, Counter Strike 2, Star Citizen i THE FINALS nisu radile s prethodnom vrijedno\u0161\u0107u) i rije\u0161ila neke probleme s performansama aplikacija koje intenzivno koriste memoriju.\n<li class=\"l\"> A\u017eurirane su verzije: GCC 14-pre, LLVM 18, Python 3.12, OpenJDK 21 (opcionalno dostupne OpenJDK 8, 11 i 17), Rust 1.76, Go 1.22, .NET 8, PHP 8.3.3, Ruby 3.2.3.\n<li class=\"l\"> A\u017eurirane su korisni\u010dke aplikacije: Firefox 124 (kompajliran s podr\u0161kom za Wayland), LibreOffice 24.2, Thunderbird 115, Ardour 8.4.0, OBS Studio 30.0.2, Audacity 3.4.2, Transmission 4.0, digiKam 8.2.0, Kdenlive 23.08.5, Krita 5.2.2.\n<li class=\"l\"> A\u017eurirani su sustavi: Mesa 24.0.3, systemd 253.5, BlueZ 5.72, Cairo 1.18, NetworkManager 1.46, Pipewire 1.0.4, Poppler 24.02, xdg-desktop-portal 1.18.\n<li class=\"l\"> Poslu\u017eiteljski paketi su a\u017eurirani: Nginx 1.24, Apache httpd 2.4.58, Samba 4.19, Exim 4.97, Clamav 1.0.0, Chrony 4.5, containerd 1.7.12, Django 4.2.11, Docker 24.0.7, Dovecot 2.3.21, GlusterFS 11.1, HAProxy 2.8.5, Kea DHCP 2.4.1, libvirt 10.0.0, NetSNMP 5.9.4, OpenLDAP 2.6.7, open-vm-tools 12.3.5, PostgreSQL 16.2, Runc 1.1.12, QEMU 8.2.1, SpamAssassin 4.0.0, Squid 6.6, SSSD 2.9.4, Pacemaker 2.1.6, OpenStack 2024.1, Ceph 19.2.0, Openvswitch 3.3.0, Open Virtual Network 24.03.\n<li class=\"l\"> Mail klijent Thunderbird sada dolazi samo u snap formatu. DEB paket sa Thunderbirdu sadr\u017ei oznaku za instalaciju snap paketa.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za aplikacije koje koriste gnutls, podr\u0161ka za protokole TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1 i DTLS 1.0 je prisilno onemogu\u0107ena, budu\u0107i da su ti protokoli tri godine ranije slu\u017ebeno progla\u0161eni zastarjelim tehnologijama od strane IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). Sli\u010dna promjena za openssl realizirana je u Ubuntu 20.04.\n<li class=\"l\"> U Apparmor su po defaultu omogu\u0107ene sve aplikacijama pristup datotekama s konfiguracijom GnuTLS i OpenSSL biblioteka. Ranije kori\u0161teno selektivno omogu\u0107avanje pristupa dovelo je do problema koji su te\u0161ko dijagnosticirani uslijed nedostatka ispravnih gre\u0161aka kada pristup datotekama nije bio mogu\u0107.\n<li class=\"l\"> Paketi pptpd i bcrelay su uklonjeni zbog potencijalnih problema s sigurno\u0161\u0107u i prestanka podr\u0161ke za glavne kodne baze. Tako\u0111er je uklonjen PAM modul pam_lastlog.so, u kojem nije rije\u0161en problem iz 2038. godine.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pri sastavljanju paketa zadano su uklju\u010dene opcije prevoditelja koje ote\u017eavaju iskori\u0161tavanje ranjivosti. U gcc i dpkg zadano je uklju\u010deno stanje &#171;-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3&#187;, koje otkriva mogu\u0107e preljeve bafera prilikom izvr\u0161avanja funkcija za rad sa stringovima, definiranima u zaglavlju string.h. Razlika od ranije kori\u0161tenog stanja &#171;_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2&#187; le\u017ei u dodatnim provjerama. Teoretski, dodatne provjere mogu dovesti do smanjenja performansi, no u praksi testovi SPEC2000 i SPEC2017 nisu pokazali razlike i tokom testiranja korisnici nisu prijavili smanjenje performansi.\n<li class=\"l\"> U dpkg je dodana zastavica &#171;-mbranch-protection=standard&#187; za uklju\u010divanje za\u0161tite za \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 instruktionskih skupova na ARM64 sustavima, na koje ne bi trebali biti izvr\u0161eni skokovi prilikom grana (ARMv8.5-BTI &#8212; Branch Target Indicator). Blokiranje skokova na proizvoljna mjesta u kodu implementirano je kako bi se suprotstavilo stvaranju gadgeta u eksploitatima koji koriste tehnike povratno-orijentiranog programiranja (ROP &#8212; Return-Oriented Programming).\n<li class=\"l\"> U paketnom menad\u017eeru APT promijenjen je prioritet za repozitorij \u201eproposed pocket\u201c, u kojem se provodi preliminarno testiranje novih verzija paketa prije nego \u0161to se objave u glavnim repozitorijima za \u0161iru javnost. Promjena ima za cilj smanjenje vjerojatnosti automatske instalacije nestabilnih a\u017euriranja, u slu\u010daju uklju\u010divanja repozitorija \u201eproposed pocket\u201c, \u0161to mo\u017ee dovesti do kvara sustava. Nakon uklju\u010divanja \u201eproposed pocket\u201c, iz njega se sada ne\u0107e prenositi sva a\u017euriranja, ali korisnik \u0107e mo\u0107i selektivno instalirati a\u017euriranja potrebnih paketa koriste\u0107i naredbu \u201eapt install  \/ -proposed\u201c.\n<li class=\"l\"> Prekid defaultne isporuke usluge irqbalance, koja raspore\u0111uje obradu hardverskih prekida na razli\u010dita CPU jezgra. Trenutno su u ve\u0107ini situacija dovoljni standardni mehanizmi raspodjele koje nudi Linux kernel. Kori\u0161tenje irqbalance mo\u017ee biti opravdano u odre\u0111enim situacijama, ali uz odgovaraju\u0107u konfiguraciju od strane administratora. Osim toga, u odre\u0111enim konfiguracijama irqbalance uzrokuje probleme, na primjer, kada se koristi u virtualizacijskim sustavima, a tako\u0111er mo\u017ee ometati ru\u010dnu konfiguraciju parametara koji utje\u010du na potro\u0161nju energije i latenciju.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za pode\u0161avanje mre\u017ee koristi se izdanje alata Netplan 1.0, koje omogu\u0107ava pohranu postavki u YAML formatu i pru\u017ea backendove koji apstrahiraju pristup konfiguraciji za NetworkManager i systemd-networkd. U novoj verziji dodana je mogu\u0107nost istovremenog kori\u0161tenja WPA2 i WPA3, dodana je podr\u0161ka za mre\u017ene ure\u0111aje Mellanox VF-LAG s SR-IOV (Single-Root I\/O Virtualization) i implementirana je komanda \u00abnetplan status \u2014diff\u00bb za jasnu procjenu razlika izme\u0111u trenutnog stanja postavki i konfiguracijskih datoteka. U Ubuntu Desktopu kao zadani backend postavki uklju\u010den je NetworkManager.\n<li class=\"l\"> Moderniziran je instalacijski program ubuntu-desktop-installer, koji se sada razvija unutar ve\u0107eg projekta ubuntu-desktop-provision i preimenovan je u ubuntu-desktop-bootstrap. Su\u0161tina novog projekta je podjela instalacijske procedure na faze koje se izvr\u0161avaju prije instalacije (particioniranje diska i kopiranje paketa) i tijekom prvog pokretanja sustava (prvotna konfiguracija sustava). Me\u0111u promjenama isti\u010de se pobolj\u0161an dizajn su\u010delja instalacijske aplikacije, dodana je stranica za navo\u0111enje URL-a za preuzimanje skripte za automatsku instalaciju autoinstall.yaml i mogu\u0107nost promjene zadatog pona\u0161anja i stila dizajna putem konfiguracijske datoteke. Dodana je podr\u0161ka za a\u017euriranje samog instalacijski program \u2014 ako postoji nova verzija u ranoj fazi instalacije, sada se prikazuje zahtjev za a\u017euriranje instalacijski program.\n<p>U instalateru su tako\u0111er zabilje\u017eene mogu\u0107nosti koje su dodane u prethodnom izdanju Ubuntu 23.10, kao \u0161to su podr\u0161ka za datote\u010dni sustav ZFS i mogu\u0107nost \u0161ifriranja diska koja ne zahtijeva unos lozinke za otklju\u010davanje diska prilikom pokretanja, zahvaljuju\u0107i pohrani informacija za de\u0161ifriranje klju\u010deva u TPM-u (Trusted Platform Module).       <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Uklju\u010den je mehanizam Active Directory Certificate Auto Enrollment (ADSys), koji omogu\u0107uje automatsko dobivanje certifikata iz usluga Active Directory prilikom uklju\u010divanja grupnih politika. Automatsko dobivanje certifikata putem Active Directory tako\u0111er se koristi prilikom povezivanja na korporativne be\u017ei\u010dne mre\u017ee i <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"151\">VPN<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pobolj\u0161an je novi upravitelj aplikacija Ubuntu App Center, napisan na jeziku Dart koriste\u0107i okvir Flutter i prilagodljive metode rasporeda su\u010delja za ispravni rad na ekranima bilo koje veli\u010dine. Ubuntu Store implementira kombinirano su\u010delje za rad s paketima u DEB i Snap formatu (ukoliko postoji jedan program u pakiranjima deb i snap, po defaultu se bira snap), omogu\u0107ava pretra\u017eivanje i navigaciju po katalogu snapcraft.io paketa i povezanih DEB repozitorija, pru\u017ea mogu\u0107nost upravljanja instaliranjem, uklanjanjem i a\u017euriranjem aplikacija, kao i instalaciju pojedina\u010dnih deb paketa iz lokalnih datoteka. U aplikaciji je primijenjen sustav ocjenjivanja, gdje je peto\u010dlana skala zamijenjena glasovanjem u formatu svi\u0111a\/nesvi\u0111a (+1\/-1), na temelju \u010dega se generira virtualna pet zvjezdica ocjena.\n<p>Ubuntu App Center zamijenio je staro su\u010delje Snap Store-a. U usporedbi s Ubuntu 23.10 dodana je nova kategorija aplikacija &#8212; Igre (dok su igre GNOME uklonjene iz isporuke). Predlo\u017een je odvojeni izbornik za a\u017euriranje firmvera &#8212; Firmware Updater, dostupan za sustave temeljene na arhitekturama amd64 i arm64, koji omogu\u0107uje a\u017euriranje firmvera bez pokretanja punog menad\u017eera aplikacija u pozadini.  <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Paketi za 32-bitnu arhitekturu Armhf preba\u010deni su na kori\u0161tenje 64-bitnog tipa time_t. Promjena je zahvatila vi\u0161e od tisu\u0107u paketa. Ranije kori\u0161teni 32-bitni tip time_t ne mo\u017ee se koristiti za obradu vremena nakon 19. sije\u010dnja 2038. godine zbog preljevanja brojila sekundi, koje je zapo\u010delo 1. sije\u010dnja 1970. godine.\n<li class=\"l\"> A\u017eurirane su verzije za platforme Raspberry Pi 5 (serverske i korisni\u010dke) i StarFive VisionFive 2 (RISC-V).\n<li class=\"l\"> U Ubuntu Cinnamon kori\u0161teno je korisni\u010dko okru\u017eenje Cinnamon 6.0 s po\u010detnom podr\u0161kom za Wayland.\n<li class=\"l\"> U Xubuntu je nastavljena isporuka okru\u017eenja temeljenog na Xfce 4.18.\n<li class=\"l\"> U Ubuntu Mate kori\u0161tena je radna sredina MATE 1.28, koja jo\u0161 nije slu\u017ebeno najavljena.\n<li class=\"l\"> U Ubuntu Budgie kori\u0161tena je radna sredina Budgie 10.9.\n<li class=\"l\"> U Kubuntu se kao zadano nastavlja isporuka KDE Plasma 5.27. KDE 6 \u0107e biti ponu\u0111en u jesenskom izdanju Kubuntu 24.10. A\u017eurirani su logo i boje.\n<li class=\"l\"> U Lubuntu je unaprije\u0111en instalacijski program temeljen na frameworku Calamares. Dodana je stranica za postavljanje opcija instalacije, poput instalacije dostupnih a\u017euriranja, instalacije kodeka i proprietarnih drajvera, instalacije dodatnih programa. Dodani su na\u010dini minimalne, potpune i normalne instalacije. Dodan je ekran prvog pokretanja koji omogu\u0107uje pode\u0161avanje jezika i povezivanje na be\u017ei\u010dnu mre\u017eu, kao i izbor pokretanja instalacijskog programa ili prelazak u Live na\u010din. Dodan je Bluetooth Manager i urednik postavki upravitelja prikaza SDDM. Radno okru\u017eenje je a\u017eurirano na verziju LXQt 1.4.\n<li class=\"l\"> U Ubuntu Studio dodana je usluga Ubuntu Studio Audio Configuration za pode\u0161avanje postavki PipeWire.       <\/ul>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60974\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430-\u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Ubuntu 24.04 &#171;Noble Numbat&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a. \u0420\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 25 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0412\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 24.04 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 (LTS), \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 12 \u043b\u0435\u0442 (5 \u043b\u0435\u0442 &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u0435\u0449\u0451 7 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-115013","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d 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