{"id":115263,"date":"2024-04-23T20:30:08","date_gmt":"2024-04-23T18:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-distributiva-fedora-linux-40"},"modified":"2024-04-23T20:30:08","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T18:30:08","slug":"reliz-distributiva-fedora-linux-40","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/reliz-distributiva-fedora-linux-40","title":{"rendered":"Izdanje distribucije Fedora Linux 40","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Objavljen je dodatak distribuciji Fedora Linux 40. Za preuzimanje su pripremljeni proizvodi Fedora Workstation, Fedora Server, Fedora CoreOS, Fedora Cloud Base, Fedora IoT Edition i Live izdanja, dostupna u obliku spinova s desktop okru\u017eenjima KDE Plasma 5, Xfce, MATE, Cinnamon, LXDE, Phosh, LXQt, Budgie i Sway. Izdanja su oblikovana za arhitekture x86_64, Power64 i ARM64 (AArch64). Objavljivanje izdanja Fedora Silverblue odga\u0111a se.      <\/p>\n<p>Najva\u017enije promjene u Fedora Linux 40:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Radna povr\u0161ina GNOME u Fedora Workstation a\u017eurirana je na verziju 46, u kojoj je dodana opcija globalne pretrage, pobolj\u0161ane su performanse upravitelja datotekama i terminalnih emulatora, dodana je eksperimentalna podr\u0161ka za mehanizam VRR (Variable Refresh Rate), pobolj\u0161ana je kvaliteta izlaza pri fractional scalingu, pro\u0161irene su mogu\u0107nosti povezivanja s vanjskim servisima, a\u017euriran je konfigurator i pobolj\u0161an je sustav obavijesti. U GTK-u kori\u0161ten je novi engine za prikaz temeljen na API-ju Vulkan.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Izdanja s radnom povr\u0161inom KDE a\u017eurirana su na KDE 6, koji koristi Wayland protokol. Podr\u0161ka za sesije temeljenje na X11 protokolu ukinuta je u osnovnoj instalaciji (mo\u017ee se vratiti instaliranjem paketa plasma-workspace-x11 iz repozitorija). Za pokretanje X11 aplikacija u sesiji temeljenoj na Waylandu kori\u0161ten je DDX poslu\u017eitelj XWayland. Kao razlog za ukidanje podr\u0161ke za X11 sesije navedena je migracija X.Org poslu\u017eitelja u RHEL 9 u kategoriju zastarjelih i odluka o njegovom potpunom uklanjanju u budu\u0107em zna\u010dajnom izdanju RHEL 10. Me\u0111u faktorima koji su doprinijeli isklju\u010divoj podr\u0161ci za Wayland navodi se zamjena fbdev voza\u010da s voza\u010dem simpledrm u Fedora 36, koji ispravno radi s Waylandom, kao i pojava podr\u0161ke za Wayland u vlasni\u010dkim NVIDIA voza\u010dima.         <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Apsolutno a\u017eurirani korisni\u010dki distribucijski sustavi razvijeni u projektu Fedora objedinjeni su u jednu obitelj pod brendom Atomic Desktops, iako su dugo postoje\u0107i atomski dodaci zadr\u017eali svoja stara imena. Kao rezultat toga, Fedora Silverblue temeljena na GNOME-u i Fedora Kinoite temeljena na KDE-u, kao i Fedora CoreOS i Fedora IoT, zadr\u017eali su prethodna imena, dok se nova izdanja Fedora Sericea i Fedora Onyx sada distribuiraju pod imenima Fedora Sway Atomic i Fedora Budgie Atomic.       <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A\u017eurirane su verzije paketa, me\u0111u kojima su LLVM 18, GCC 14, binutils 2.41, glibc 2.39, gdb 14.1, PHP 8.3, Ruby 3.3, Go 1.22, Java 21, AMD ROCm 6, Boost 1.83, 389 Directory Server 3.0.0, Podman 5, PostgreSQL 16, TBB (Thread Building Blocks) 2021.8, SQLAlchemy 2, Kubernetes 1.29.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> U konfiguratoru NetworkManager po defaultu je uklju\u010den mehanizam za prepoznavanje konflikata IPv4 adresa u lokalnoj mre\u017ei (RFC 5227), \u010dija su\u0161tina je slanje kontrolnog ARP paketa prije pridru\u017eivanja adrese mre\u017enom su\u010delju (ako se dobije odgovor, to zna\u010di da je adresa zauzeta i ne\u0107e biti dodijeljena). Za be\u017ei\u010dne veze osigurano je dodjeljivanje posebne stalne MAC adrese (stable-ssid re\u017eim u NetworkManageru).      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Alati za gradnju Mock (mock-core-configs), Koji i Copr su preba\u010deni na kori\u0161tenje upravitelja paketa DNF 5 za instalaciju zavisnosti za gradnju u chroot okru\u017eenju, koje se koristi prilikom gradnje paketa. O\u010dekuje se da \u0107e prijelaz samog distributivnog sustava na DNF 5 biti u sljede\u0107em izdanju.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> U upravitelju paketa DNF po defaultu je onemogu\u0107eno preuzimanje metapodataka sa popisima datoteka uklju\u010denih u pakete. Takvi podaci se rijetko koriste, ali zauzimaju veliku koli\u010dinu prostora i usporavaju rad.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Uklonjen je paket s bibliotekom OpenSSL 1.1 zbog prestanka podr\u0161ke za ovu granu. Zavrzani na OpenSSL 1.1 su preba\u010deni na OpenSSL 3.0. Uklonjen je paket python3.7.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Biblioteka Zlib zamijenjena je fork-om Zlib-ng, kompatibilnim sa zlib na razini API-a, ali pru\u017ea dodatne optimizacije za pobolj\u0161anje performansi.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Prekid je formiranje delta a\u017euriranja RPM paketa, omogu\u0107uju\u0107i preuzimanje samo promijenjenih podataka u odnosu na ve\u0107 instaliranu verziju paketa prilikom a\u017euriranja. Podr\u0161ka za deltarpm u DNF i DNF5 je onemogu\u0107ena.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je passim, ke\u0161iraju\u0107i <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/server\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">server<\/a> za distribuciju \u010desto tra\u017eenih datoteka u lokalnoj mre\u017ei bez izravnog pristupa glavnim poslu\u017eiteljima i bez upotrebe globalnih CDN-a.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Modul pam_userdb preba\u010den je s kori\u0161tenja BerkeleyDB na GDBM zbog prestanka podr\u0161ke za granu BerkeleyDB 5.x i prijenosa grane BerkeleyDB 6.x na neprihvatljivu licencu. Bogofilter je preba\u010den na kori\u0161tenje SQLite umjesto BerkeleyDB (libdb).     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Za izradu Live slika Fedora Workstation kori\u0161ten je alat Image Builder, koji podr\u017eava ponovljive gradnje i korisnicima nudi jednostavniji proces prilagodbe slika.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Za izradu minimalnih slika za ARM arhitekturu kori\u0161ten je alat osbuild.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Za izradu slika Fedora Cloud Edition umjesto ImageFactory kori\u0161ten je alat Kiwi.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Provjena restrukturiranja paketa za Kubernetes.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Fedora IoT, izdanje za ure\u0111aje Interneta stvari, pre\u0161lo je na kori\u0161tenje boot kontejnera, formiranih uz pomo\u0107 alata OSTree i boot tehnologije.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Prikaz alatke wget zamijenjen je wget2, a alatka iotop je zamijenjena s iotop-c.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> U izdanjima Fedora Silverblue i Kinoite uklju\u010d\u0435\u043d je program bootupd, koji obavlja a\u017euriranje bootloadera.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Objavljena je zastarjela biblioteka libuser, koja vi\u0161e nema podr\u0161ku i ne koristi se u drugim paketima Fedora (za podr\u0161ku LDAP u distribuciji ve\u0107 se dugo koristi SSSD). Uklonjen je paket passwd s implementacijom alata passwd temeljenog na libuser, umjesto kojeg se koristi sli\u010dan alat iz paketa shadow-utils.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Obavljen je rad na pripremi za uklju\u010divanje novije verzije standarda jezika C u GCC po defaultu, \u0161to \u0107e ozna\u010diti prekid po defaultu podr\u0161ke za neke zastarjele mogu\u0107nosti jezika, poput implicitnog definisanja funkcija i implicitnog dodjeljivanja tipa int.         <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Provedena je druga faza prijelaza na modernizirani proces pokretanja, koji je predlo\u017eio Lennart Poettering. Razlike od klasi\u010dnog pokretanja svode se na kori\u0161tenje umjesto initrd slike, formirane na lokalnom sustavu prilikom instaliranja paketa s kernelom, univerzalne slike kernela UKI (Unified Kernel Image), koja se generira u infrastrukturi distribucije i potpisuje digitalnim potpisom distribucije. Slika UKI spaja u jednom fajlu obraditelj za pokretanje kernela iz UEFI (UEFI boot stub), sliku Linux kernela i u\u010ditani initrd sistemski okru\u017eenje u memoriju. Kada se poziva UKI slika iz UEFI, pru\u017ea se mogu\u0107nost provjere cjelovitosti i autenti\u010dnosti putem digitalnog potpisa ne samo kernela, ve\u0107 i sadr\u017eaja initrd-a, \u010dija je provjera autenti\u010dnosti va\u017ena, jer se u tom okru\u017eenju vr\u0161i izvla\u010denje klju\u010deva za de\u0161ifriranje korijenskog FS-a.\n<p>U drugoj fazi dodana je mogu\u0107nost direktnog pokretanja UKI iz UEFI modula shim.efi bez uklju\u010divanja zasebnog bootloadera (grub, sd-boot), implementirana je podr\u0161ka za kori\u0161tenje UKI na sistemima s arhitekturom Aarch64 i pripremljena je verzija UKI slike za oblake i za\u0161ti\u0107ene okru\u017eenja. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtualnih ma\u0161ina\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2038\">virtualnih ma\u0161ina<\/a>. U prvoj fazi u Fedora 38 dodana je podr\u0161ka za UKI u bootloader, implementirani su alati za instalaciju i a\u017euriranje UKI, a tako\u0111er je kreirana eksperimentalna slika UKI za pokretanje virtualnih ma\u0161ina s ograni\u010denim skupom komponenti i drajvera.     <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> U repozitorij je dodan spreman paket s okvirom za strojno u\u010denje PyTorch, dostupnim za instalaciju naredbom &#171;dnf install pytorch&#187;. Trenutno paket uklju\u010duje samo komponente za izra\u010dunavanje putem CPU-a, ali se u budu\u0107im izdanjima planira dodati podr\u0161ka za kori\u0161tenje GPU-a i specijaliziranih NPU-akceleratora.                  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tako\u0111er se mo\u017ee spomenuti uvo\u0111enje 'free' i 'nonfree' repozitorija projekta RPM Fusion za Fedora 40, u kojima su dostupni paketi s dodatnim multimedijskim aplikacijama (MPlayer, VLC, Xine), video\/audio kodecima, podr\u0161kom za DVD, proprietarnim drajverima za AMD i NVIDIA, igra\u0107im programima i emulatorima.<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=61052\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Fedora Linux 40. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u044b Fedora Workstation, Fedora Server, Fedora CoreOS, Fedora Cloud Base, Fedora IoT Edition \u0438 Live-\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 c \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f-\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 KDE Plasma 5, Xfce, MATE, Cinnamon, LXDE, Phosh, LXQt, Budgie \u0438 Sway. \u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 x86_64, Power64 \u0438 ARM64 (AArch64). \u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a Fedora Silverblue [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-115263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Fedora Linux 40.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/reliz-distributiva-fedora-linux-40\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in 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