{"id":116748,"date":"2024-06-24T18:05:52","date_gmt":"2024-06-24T16:05:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/atomarnye-varianty-fedora-linux-namereny-perevesti-na-fs-somposefs"},"modified":"2024-06-24T18:05:52","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T16:05:52","slug":"atomarnye-varianty-fedora-linux-namereny-perevesti-na-fs-somposefs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/atomarnye-varianty-fedora-linux-namereny-perevesti-na-fs-somposefs","title":{"rendered":"Atomic variants of Fedora Linux aim to transition to the Composefs file system.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Bira\u010di projekta Fedora planiraju da po defaultu prebacite atomarne verzije distribucije na datote\u010dni sustav Composefs. Ako predlog odobri FESCo (Fedora Engineering Steering Committee), koji je odgovoran za tehni\u010dki deo razvoja distribucije Fedora, Composefs \u0107e po\u010deti da se koristi u izgradnji Fedora Silverblue (GNOME), Fedora Kinoite (KDE), Fedora CoreOS, Fedora IoT, Fedora Sway Atomic i Fedora Budgie Atomic. <\/p>\n

Ova promena \u0107e omogu\u0107iti upotrebu korenskog dela koji radi u re\u017eimu samo za \u010ditanje, kao i dalje kori\u0161\u0107enje sredstava za verifikaciju integriteta na sistemskom delu, \u0161to omogu\u0107ava prepoznavanje problema tokom rada. Delovi \/etc i \/var \u0107e se i dalje montirati sa mogu\u0107no\u0161\u0107u pisanja.<\/p>\n

Trenutno je rad organiziran putem montiranja particije \/usr u re\u017eimu samo za \u010ditanje, dok je korijenska particija montirana u re\u017eimu koji omogu\u0107uje zapis, a promjene su zabranjene na razini pristupnih prava («chattr +i \/»). Provjera cjelovitosti provodi se tijekom a\u017euriranja particije, \u0161to onemogu\u0107uje otkrivanje o\u0161te\u0107enja i promjena nastalih tijekom rada bez iniciranja potpunog pregleda svih podataka komandama «ostree fsck».<\/p>\n

Datote\u010dni sustav Composefs implementiran je kao nadgradnja na ve\u0107 prisutne u jezgru FS OverlayFS i EROFS, i optimiziran je za u\u010dinkovito zajedni\u010dko pohranjivanje sadr\u017eaja vi\u0161e montiranih diskovnih slika. Funkcionalnost EROFS (Extendable Read-Only File System) zadovoljava zahtjeve Composefs-a od verzije jezgre Linux 5.15, dok OverlayFS postaje dostupan od jezgre 6.5. Composefs omogu\u0107uje kreiranje vi\u0161eslojnih FS-a, gdje se proizvoljna stabla FS-a u re\u017eimu samo za \u010ditanje preklapaju preko standardnih FS-a Linuxa, koji djeluju kao donji sloj. <\/p>\n

Od ve\u0107 postoje\u0107ih sli\u010dnih datote\u010dnih sistema, Composefs se razlikuje po podr\u0161ci za zajedni\u010dko skladi\u0161tenje sadr\u017eaja razli\u010ditih diskovnih slika i prisustvu funkcija za verifikaciju autenti\u010dnosti \u010ditanih podataka. U Composefs se primenjuje model skladi\u0161tenja sa adresiranjem zasnovanim na sadr\u017eaju, gde je primarni identifikator ne ime datoteke, ve\u0107 he\u0161 sadr\u017eaja datoteke. Ovaj model omogu\u0107ava deduplifikaciju i omogu\u0107ava skladi\u0161tenje samo jedne kopije identi\u010dnih datoteka koje se susre\u0107u u razli\u010ditim montiranim delovima. <\/p>\n

Sistemske slike obi\u010dno sadr\u017ee brojne standardne datoteke, a u slu\u010daju kori\u0161tenja Composefs, svaka od tih datoteka \u0107e biti zajedni\u010dki kori\u0161tena od strane svih montiranih slika, bez kori\u0161tenja trikova poput preusmjeravanja pomo\u0107u tvrdih veza. Pritom se zajedni\u010dke datoteke ne samo da \u010duvaju kao jedna kopija na disku, ve\u0107 se tako\u0111er obra\u010dunavaju kao jedan zapis u stranicnom predmemoriranju, \u0161to omogu\u0107ava u\u0161tedu i na disku i u radnoj memoriji.<\/p>\n

Radi u\u0161tede diskovnog prostora, podaci i metapodaci u Composefs su odvojeni, a tijekom montiranja posebno se navodi binarni indeks, koji sadr\u017ei sve metapodatke datote\u010dnog sustava, imena datoteka, prava pristupa i druge informacije. Indeksi s metapodacima kreiraju se za svaku sliku FS-a i \u010duvaju se u odvojenoj datoteci u EROFS formatu (slika EROFS se montira u loopback re\u017eimu i sadr\u017ei samo metapodatke). Samo datoteke svih montiranih slika pohranjene su u zajedni\u010dkoj osnovnoj mapi u uobi\u010dajenom FS-u (ext4, xfs, btrfs) i povezuju se s slikom pomo\u0107u pro\u0161irenog atributa rusted.overlay.redirect, na temelju kojeg OverlayFS pronalazi potrebne datoteke prema hash-u sadr\u017eaja.<\/p>\n

Za verifikaciju sadr\u017eaja pojedina\u010dnih datoteka i cijelog imid\u017ea u uvjetima zajedni\u010dkog pohranjivanja koristi se mehanizam fs-verity, koji pri pristupu datotekama provjerava uskla\u0111enost hash-eva navedenih u binarnom indeksu s stvarnim sadr\u017eajem \u2014 ako haker promijeni datoteku u osnovnom katalogu ili do\u0111e do o\u0161te\u0107enja podataka uslijed kvara, tada \u0107e takva provjera otkriti neslaganje.
\n
Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Fedora \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 Composefs. \u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c FESCo (Fedora Engineering Steering Committee), \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Fedora, Composefs \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0451\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0445 Fedora Silverblue (GNOME), Fedora Kinoite (KDE), Fedora CoreOS, Fedora IoT, Fedora Sway Atomic \u0438 Fedora Budgie Atomic. \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 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