{"id":120801,"date":"2024-12-01T03:46:13","date_gmt":"2024-12-01T01:46:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vyyavlen-uefi-butkit-bootkitty-podstavlyayushhij-vredonosnyj-kod-v-zagruzhaemoe-yadro-linux"},"modified":"2024-12-01T03:46:13","modified_gmt":"2024-12-01T01:46:16","slug":"vyyavlen-uefi-butkit-bootkitty-podstavlyayushhij-vredonosnyj-kod-v-zagruzhaemoe-yadro-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/vyyavlen-uefi-butkit-bootkitty-podstavlyayushhij-vredonosnyj-kod-v-zagruzhaemoe-yadro-linux","title":{"rendered":"Otkriven je UEFI bootkit Bootkitty koji ubacuje zlonamjerni kod u u\u010ditani Linux kernel.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Istra\u017eiva\u010di iz ESET-a identificirali su novu bootkit prijetnju pod nazivom 'Bootkitty', koja se instalira nakon \u0161to je sustav kompromitiran umjesto GRUB u\u010ditava\u010da i koristi se za umetanje zlonamjernih komponenti u Linux kernel, omogu\u0107uju\u0107i napada\u010du da prikriveno kontrolira sustav i obavlja svoje aktivnosti. Navodi se da je ovo prvi UEFI bootkit usmjeren na napad Linux sustava. <\/p>\n

Bootkitty se smje\u0161ta u datoteku grubx64.efi u EFI sistemskoj particiji (EFI system partition, \/boot\/efi\/EFI\/ubuntu) umjesto standardnog GRUB u\u010ditava\u010da. Nakon aktivacije UEFI firmware-a, bootkit u\u010ditava pravi GRUB2 u\u010ditava\u010d u memoriju i unosi izmjene u kod GRUB2 koji je smje\u0161ten u memoriji, onemogu\u0107uju\u0107i provjeru integriteta komponenti koje \u0107e se kasnije u\u010ditati, te dodaje handler koji se poziva nakon raspakiranja slike Linux kernela u memoriju. Navedenim handlerom se unose izmjene u u\u010ditane funkcije kernela (onemogu\u0107ava se provjera modula prema digitalnom potpisu), kao i mijenja startna linija procesa inicijalizacije s '\/init' na 'LD_PRELOAD=\/opt\/injector.so \/init'. <\/p>\n

Biblioteka injector.so presre\u0107e neke operacije SELinux-a i funkciju init_module, koja se zatim koristi za u\u010ditavanje kernel modula \\\/opt\\\/dropper.ko. Kernel modul dropper.ko stvara i pokre\u0107e izvr\u0161nu datoteku \\\/opt\\\/observer, zatim se skriva u popisu kernel modula i postavlja handler-e sistemskih poziva, kao \u0161to su getdents i tcp4_seq_show, za skrivanje datoteke \\\/opt\\\/observer i odre\u0111enog mre\u017enog prometa. Izvr\u0161na datoteka \\\/opt\\\/observer u\u010ditava kernel modul \\\/opt\\\/rootkit_loader.ko, koji je u\u010ditava\u010d rootkita \\\/opt\\\/rootkit.

\"Otkriven<\/center> <\/p>\n

Za instalaciju bootkita potreban je privilegiran pristup sustavu, a takve vrste zlonamjernog softvera obi\u010dno koriste napada\u010di nakon uspje\u0161nog hakiranja ili kompromitacije sustava kako bi osigurali svoje daljnje prisustvo i prikrili svoju zlonamjernu aktivnost. Biblioteka injector.so i zlonamjerni kernel moduli pohranjuju se u sliku inicijalnog RAM diska ili datote\u010dne sustave napada\u010da. U\u010ditava\u010d grubx64.efi smje\u0161ten je u particiju s datotekama za UEFI. <\/p>\n

U verziji Bootkitty, koja je dospjela u ruke istra\u017eiva\u010da, promjena funkcija u memoriji jezgre vr\u0161ila se po unaprijed definiranim pomacima bez provjere ispravnosti tih pomaka za u\u010ditanu verziju jezgre. pomaci kori\u0161teni u Bootkitty primjenjivali su se samo na verzije jezgre i GRUB isporu\u010dene u odre\u0111enim izdanjima Ubuntua, dok su u ostalim sustavima dovodili do kvara pri pokretanju. Za verifikaciju bootloadera Bootkitty (grubx64.efi) kori\u0161ten je samopotpisani certifikat, \u0161to nije omogu\u0107ilo kori\u0161tenje bootkita na sustavima s uklju\u010denim UEFI Secure Boot na\u010dinom bez instalacije napada\u010dkog certifikata na popis povjerenih certifikata u UEFI. Ove specifi\u010dnosti naveli su istra\u017eiva\u010de na zaklju\u010dak da je Bootkitty samo prototip bootkita, koji se jo\u0161 ne koristi za stvarne napade. <\/p>\n

Istra\u017euju\u0107i objavljene informacije ESET-a, istra\u017eiva\u010di iz kompanije Binarly REsearch primijetili su me\u0111u artefaktima povezanim s Bootkitty BMP-slike, koje se koriste za iskori\u0161tavanje ranjivosti LogoFAIL, koja omogu\u0107uje izvr\u0161avanje koda na razini UEFI firmvera i zaobila\u017eenje mehanizma UEFI Secure Boot. U kontekstu Bootkitty, iskori\u0161tavanje ranjivosti LogoFAIL kori\u0161teno je za dodavanje samopotpisanog certifikata napada\u010da, koji ovjerava bootloader bootkita grubx64.efi, na popis odobrenih certifikata u UEFI, \u0161to je omogu\u0107ilo pokretanje bootkita na sustavima s aktivnim UEFI Secure Bootom bez ru\u010dnog dodavanja certifikata. <\/p>\n

Napad se provodi postavljanjem specijalno oblikovane slike u BMP formatu u ESP (EFI System Partition), kako bi se ona prikazala od strane UEFI firmvera kao logo proizvo\u0111a\u010da. Zbog kori\u0161tenja ranjivih biblioteka u UEFI firmveru za rad s slikama, obrada specijalno oblikovane slike mo\u017ee dovesti do preljeva bafera i izvr\u0161avanja koda s privilegijama UEFI firmvera. Ranjivost LogoFAIL otkrivena je prije godinu dana i utjecala je na UEFI firmvere, me\u0111u ostalima kori\u0161tene na laptopima Acer, HP, Fujitsu i Lenovo. U novim verzijama UEFI firmvera problem je ispravljen, ali mnoga uobi\u010dajena ure\u0111aji i dalje rade s ranjivim verzijama firmvera.

\"Otkriven<\/center>
\n
Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 ESET \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0442 «Bootkitty», \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 GRUB \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Linux \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f. \u0423\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 UEFI-\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c Linux. Bootkitty \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435 grubx64.efi \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":120802,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-120801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Otkrivena UEFI-bootkit Bootkitty, koja umetne zlo\u0107udni kod u u\u010ditani Linux kernel | ProHoster","description":"Istra\u017eiva\u010di iz ESET-a otkrili su novi 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