{"id":121960,"date":"2025-02-16T20:22:05","date_gmt":"2025-02-16T18:22:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/v-postgresql-ustranena-uyazvimost-ispolzovannaya-pri-atake-na-beyondtrust"},"modified":"2025-02-16T20:22:05","modified_gmt":"2025-02-16T18:22:05","slug":"v-postgresql-ustranena-uyazvimost-ispolzovannaya-pri-atake-na-beyondtrust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/v-postgresql-ustranena-uyazvimost-ispolzovannaya-pri-atake-na-beyondtrust","title":{"rendered":"U PostgreSQL-u je otklonjena ranjivost koja je kori\u0161tena u napadu na BeyondTrust","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ispravljeni su korektivni a\u017euriranja za sve podr\u017eane grane PostgreSQL 17.3, 16.7, 15.11, 14.16 i 13.19, u kojima je ispravljeno vi\u0161e od 70 gre\u0161aka i otklonjena ranjivost (CVE-2025-1094), koja je krajem prosinca kori\u0161tena u napadu na tvrtku BeyondTrust i Ministarstvo financija SAD-a. Problema u PostgreSQL-u otkrivena je tijekom analize daljinske ranjivosti (CVE-2024-12356) u servisima BeyondTrust PRA (Privileged Remote Access) i BeyondTrust RS (Remote Support), tijekom \u010dijeg iskori\u0161tavanja je dodatno kori\u0161tena ranije nepoznata (0-day) ranjivost u libpq. <\/p>\n

Kao rezultat napada, zlonamjernici su uspjeli dobiti klju\u010d za pristup API-ju koji se koristi za daljinsko pru\u017eanje tehni\u010dke podr\u0161ke korisnicima SaaS usluga BeyondTrust. Ovaj API je kori\u0161ten za resetiranje lozinki i kompromitaciju infrastrukture Ministarstva financija SAD-a, koje se koristi proizvodima BeyondTrust. Tijekom napada, zlonamjernici su uspjeli preuzeti povjerljive dokumente i dobili pristup radnim stanicama zaposlenika ministarstva. <\/p>\n

Ranjivost se manifestira u biblioteci libpq, koja pru\u017ea API za interakciju s DBMS-om iz programa napisanih na jeziku C (osim toga, na biblioteci su implementirane obavijesne biblioteke za C++, Perl, PHP i Python). Problem se odnosi na aplikacije koje koriste za ispravljanje specijalnih karaktera i neutralizaciju navodnika funkcije PQescapeLiteral(), PQescapeIdentifier(), PQescapeString() ili PQescapeStringConn(). <\/p>\n

Napada\u010d mo\u017ee posti\u0107i umetanje vlastitog SQL koda ako se vanjski tekst pravilno ispravi prije kori\u0161tenja unutar SQL upita pomo\u0107u gore navedenih funkcija libpq. U aplikacijama BeyondTrust, ispravljeni upiti su se prenosili putem komandne linije psql. Ranjivost je uzrokovana nedostatkom provjere ispravnosti kori\u0161tenih Unicode simbola u funkcijama ispravljenja, \u0161to omogu\u0107uje zaobila\u017eenje normalizacije navodnika kroz navo\u0111enje neispravnih vi\u0161ebajtnih sekvenci UTF-8. <\/p>\n

Za iskori\u0161tavanje ranjivosti mo\u017ee se koristiti neispravan UTF-8 simbol, sastavljen od bajtova 0xC0 i 0x27 (\u2514'). Bajt 0x27 u ASCII kodiranju odgovara jednostrukoj navodnici (\u2018), koja se treba escape-ati. U kodu za escape, kombinacija bajtova 0xC0 i 0x27 obra\u0111uje se kao jedan Unicode simbol. Shodno tome, bajt 0x27 u takvoj sekvenci ostaje neescape-an, iako se prilikom obrade SQL upita u alatu psql obra\u0111uje kao navodnik. <\/p>\n

Tijekom pokretanju SQL upita<\/a> pomo\u0107u alata psql za organizaciju izvo\u0111enja proizvoljnog koda mo\u017ee se koristiti umetanje u string naredbe !, koja je u psql-u namijenjena za pokretanje proizvoljnih programa. Na primjer, za pokretanje na serveru<\/a> alatu \u2018id\u2019 mo\u017ee se proslijediti vrijednost \u2018hax0\u2032; ! id #\u2019. U primjeru u nastavku za escaping se poziva PHP skript dbquote, koji koristi PHP funkciju pg_escape_string, koja radi preko funkcije PQescapeString iz libpq: $ echo -e \u2018hello 0\u2019world' | .\/dbquote \u2018hello \u2514\u2019world\u2019 $ quoted=$(echo -e \u2018hax0\u2032; ! id # \u2019 | .\/dbquote) $ echo \u2018SELECT COUNT(1) FROM gw_sessions WHERE session_key = $quoted AND session_type = \u2018sdcust\u2019 AND (expiration IS NULL OR expiration>NOW())\u2019 | psql -e SELECT COUNT(1) FROM gw_sessions WHERE session_key = \u2018hax\u2514\u2019; ERROR: invalid byte sequence for encoding \u2018UTF8\u2019: 0xc0 0x27 uid=1000(myexamplecompany) gid=1000(myexamplecompany)
\n
Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0421\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a PostgreSQL 17.3, 16.7, 15.11, 14.16 \u0438 13.19, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 70 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (CVE-2025-1094), \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e BeyondTrust \u0438 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432 PostgreSQL \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (CVE-2024-12356) \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0445 BeyondTrust PRA (Privileged Remote Access) \u0438 BeyondTrust […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121960","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47U PostgreSQL-u je uklonjena ranjivost koja je iskori\u0161tena u napadima na BeyondTrust | ProHoster","description":"Ispravljeni su korektivni a\u017euriranja za sve podr\u017eane grane PostgreSQL 17.3, 16.7, 15.11, 14.16 i 13.19, u kojima je ispravljeno vi\u0161e od 70 gre\u0161aka i uklonjena ranjivost (CVE-2025-1094) krajem 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ProHoster","og:description":"\u0421\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a PostgreSQL 17.3, 16.7, 15.11, 14.16 \u0438 13.19, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 70 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (CVE-2025-1094), \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 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