{"id":123227,"date":"2025-04-03T22:00:01","date_gmt":"2025-04-03T20:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/?p=123227"},"modified":"2025-04-03T22:00:01","modified_gmt":"2025-04-03T20:00:01","slug":"linux-6-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/linux-6-14","title":{"rendered":"Linux 6.14","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Linux 6.14\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/bb26294c504a79981549ca07f72d9c4a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>                              <noindex>      <noindex><\/p>\n<p>Nakon dva mjeseca razvoja, Linus Torvalds <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/CAHk-=wg7TO09Si5tTPyhdrLLvyYtVmCf+GGN4kVJ0=Xk=5TE3g@mail.gmail.com\/T\/\">predstavio<\/a> izdanje Linux jezgre 6.14. Me\u0111u najuo\u010dljivijim promjenama su: ntsync drajver s Windows NT sinkronizacijskim primitivima, pode\u0161avanje ravnote\u017ee operacija \u010ditanja u Btrfs RAID1, podr\u0161ka za reflink u XFS u realnom vremenu, mogu\u0107nost nekazhiranog baferiranog ulaza\/izlaza, dmem cgroup za ograni\u010denje GPU memorije, koriste\u0107i io_uring u FUSE, delegiranje atributa u NFS, podr\u0161ka za atomarne zapise u Device mapperu, ubrzanje simboli\u010dkih linkova, upravljanje mogu\u0107no\u0161\u0107u izvr\u0161avanja skripti, podr\u0161ka za Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Elite \u010dipove, drajver za AMD NPU.<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/noindex> <\/p>\n<p>U novu verziju ugra\u0111eno je 12115 ispravki od 1984. programera, veli\u010dina zakrpe iznosi 39 MB (promjene su zahvatile 10170 datoteka, dodano je 531586 redaka koda, a 235999 redaka je uklonjeno). U prethodnom izdanju bilo je 14172 ispravki od 2086. programera, veli\u010dina zakrpe iznosila je 46 MB. Otprilike 41% svih predstavljenih promjena u 6.14 vezano je uz upravlja\u010dke programe ure\u0111aja, otprilike 13% promjena odnosi se na a\u017euriranje koda specifi\u010dnog za hardverske arhitekture, 14% se odnosi na mre\u017eni sloj, 7% na datote\u010dne sustave i 4% na unutarnje pod-sustave jezgre.<\/p>\n<p>  <noindex><\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernelnewbies.org\/Linux_6.14\">Glavne<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/1006378\/\">novosti<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sistem diska, ulaz\/izlaz i datote\u010dni sustavi<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>U datote\u010dnom sustavu Btrfs <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=6d7a9154955e\">dodana je<\/a> podr\u0161ka novim metodama uravnote\u017eenja operacija \u010ditanja izme\u0111u pohrana u RAID1 mre\u017ei. Osim ranije postoje\u0107e raspodjele optere\u0107enja na temelju identifikatora procesa (pid), nova verzija nudi tri nova re\u017eima uravnote\u017eenja: \u201erotation\u201c (ravnomjerna raspodjela optere\u0107enja me\u0111u svim pohranjivanjem, ovaj na\u010din je prema zadanim postavkama uklju\u010den); \u201elatency\u201c (raspodjela uzimaju\u0107i u obzir latencije, mo\u017ee biti korisna u slu\u010daju kvarova ili nestabilnog rada ure\u0111aja); devid (ru\u010dno upravljanje). Za promjenu re\u017eima uravnote\u017eenja <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=c86aae73bd58\">dodana je<\/a> su\u010delje \/sys\/fs\/btrfs\/\/read_policy. Me\u0111u drugim promjenama u Btrfs \u2013 <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/bfcf6d04f8ee817b2cb7c238e0a14392a3245f45\">implementacija<\/a> ioctl FS_IOC_READ_VERITY_METADATA.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-kernel\/20241220154831.1086649-1-axboe@kernel.dk\/T\/\">Dodano<\/a> re\u017eim nekazhiranog baferiranog ulaza\/izlaza, gdje se podaci bri\u0161u iz stranog bafer koda odmah nakon \u0161to su operacije njihova \u010ditanja ili pisanja zavr\u0161ene. Promjena mo\u017ee biti korisna pri kori\u0161tenju vrlo brzih ure\u0111aja za pohranu, gdje je baferiranje operacija u radnoj memoriji suvi\u0161no. Za takve ure\u0111aje novi re\u017eim omogu\u0107uje isklju\u010divanje suvi\u0161nog tro\u0161enja memorije stranicnim baferom bez potrebe za kori\u0161tenjem slo\u017eenog API-ja za izravni ulaz\/izlaz (Direct I\/O).<\/li>\n<li>U fsnotify, mehanizmu pra\u0107enja promjena u FS-u, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-fsdevel\/20241121112218.8249-1-jack@suse.cz\/T\/\">dodano je<\/a> novi doga\u0111aj FS_PRE_ACCESS, generiran u fazi prije pristupa sadr\u017eaju datoteke. Doga\u0111aj se obra\u0111uje u sinkronom na\u010dinu, tj. jezgra \u0161alje doga\u0111aj i \u010deka na odgovor. Ako se odgovor primi \u2013 operacija se izvr\u0161ava, a ako do\u0111e do pogre\u0161ke \u2013 sistemski poziv vra\u0107a kod pogre\u0161ke u korisni\u010dki prostor. Pomo\u0107u FS_PRE_ACCESS proces u korisni\u010dkom prostoru mo\u017ee, na primjer, organizirati popunjavanje datoteke dok su podaci spremni u sporoj pohrani.<\/li>\n<li>U FUSE podsustav, koji omogu\u0107uje stvaranje implementacija datote\u010dnih sustava u korisni\u010dkom prostoru, dodana je <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.kernel.org\/next\/filesystems\/fuse-io-uring.html\">podr\u0161ka<\/a> razmjena podataka izme\u0111u jezgre i obraditelja u korisni\u010dkom prostoru koriste\u0107i mehanizam ulaza\/izlaza io_uring. Ova promjena omogu\u0107ava pove\u0107anje performansi FUSE smanjenjem prebacivanja konteksta izme\u0111u jezgre i korisni\u010dkog prostora.<\/li>\n<li>U datote\u010dni sustav XFS dodana je <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.oracle.com\/linux\/post\/xfs-realtime-device\">mogu\u0107nost<\/a> kori\u0161tenje povratnog mapiranja (rmap, reverse-mapping) u na\u010dinu rada s predvidivim ka\u0161njenjima (\u201erealtime device\u201c). Povratno mapiranje omogu\u0107uje odre\u0111ivanje za pohranu koje datoteke se koristi odre\u0111ena jedinica na ure\u0111aju za pohranu. Pomo\u0107u rmap u XFS za realtime-mod podr\u017eava se operacija reflink koja omogu\u0107ava stvaranje kopija datoteka kloniranjem metapodataka datoteke i stvaranjem veze na ve\u0107 postoje\u0107e podatke bez stvarnog kopiranja.<\/li>\n<li>U VFS <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=ea382199071931d19aac5f688b543e07360e2b64\">implementirano je<\/a> ke\u0161iranje veli\u010dine simboli\u010dkih poveznica, \u0161to je omogu\u0107ilo ubrzanje izvr\u0161avanja operacije readlink za 1.5% (u testu s \/initrd.img u ext4). Ke\u0161iranje je uklju\u010deno u FS ext4 i tmpfs.<\/li>\n<li>U implementaciju NFSv4.2 dodana je podr\u0161ka <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ietf.org\/archive\/id\/draft-ietf-nfsv4-delstid-08.html\">za delegiranje atributa datoteka<\/a>, omogu\u0107uju\u0107i upravljanje atributima datoteka poput vremena promjene (mtime) na strani NFS klijenta, bez potrebe za slanjem promjena na server. U NFS-u je tako\u0111er pobolj\u0161ana podr\u0161ka za protokol &laquo;<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.kernel.org\/next\/filesystems\/nfs\/localio.html\">LOCALIO<\/a>&raquo;, koji omogu\u0107ava definiranje da li se NFS klijent i server nalaze na istom hostu, kako bi se primijenile odgovaraju\u0107e optimizacije, poput kori\u0161tenja izravnog ulaza\/izlaza (Direct I\/O) od strane klijenta.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-kernel\/20241216204124.3752367-1-dhowells@redhat.com\/T\/\">Pove\u0107ana je<\/a> performansa operacija \u010ditanja u datote\u010dnim sustavima NETFS, CIFS i AFS (Andrew File System).<\/li>\n<li>U Squashfs <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-kernel\/20241229233752.54481-1-phillip@squashfs.org.uk\/T\/\">uklju\u010den<\/a> mode izravnog u\u010ditavanja blokova u stranice predmemorije (SQUASHFS_FILE_DIRECT), \u0161to omogu\u0107uje izbjegavanje potrebe za odvojenom predmemorijom read_page. Promjena je dovela do smanjenja veli\u010dine memorije koja se koristi tijekom rada s Squashfs.<\/li>\n<li>u sustavnom pozivu statx() <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-man\/20250108085900.GA27227@lst.de\/T\/\">implementiran<\/a> oznaka STATX_DIO_READ_ALIGN, za odre\u0111ivanje potrebnog poravnanja za operacije \u010ditanja iz datoteke.<\/li>\n<li>u datote\u010dnom sustavu Bcachefs <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=2622f2904170\">a\u017euriran<\/a> i <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62731\">stabiliziran<\/a> format struktura diska. Sve daljnje promjene formata bit \u0107e kategorizirane kao neobavezne i bit \u0107e realizirane u obliku opcionalnih dodataka. Zna\u010dajno je pove\u0107ana brzina provjere cjelovitosti FS-a. Osim toga, u Bcachefs je pobolj\u0161an rad u na\u010dinu samo za \u010ditanje; rije\u0161eni su problemi koji su doveli do pristupa memoriji nakon njenog osloba\u0111anja (use after free); rije\u0161eni su problemi s reflink pokaziva\u010dima u fsck; ispravljena je obrada ponovnog pokretanja transakcije.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=127186cfb184\">Vra\u0107en<\/a> modul md-linear, namijenjen za spajanje blokovnih ure\u0111aja. Ovaj je modul ranije bio ozna\u010den kao zastario i uklonjen iz jezgre 6.8, ali pokazalo se da je bio tra\u017een, stoga je sada vra\u0107en.<\/li>\n<li>Datote\u010dni sustavi F2FS i SQUASHFS prevedeni su na kori\u0161tenje <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56478#folios\">folio stranica memorije<\/a> (page folios).<\/li>\n<li>U voza\u010du <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=b56426bcf880d0f14a482c302ab7e37f3e6c3583\">null_blk<\/a> implementirana je oznaka &laquo;rotational&raquo;, postavljena putem configfs-a, koja omogu\u0107ava simulaciju rada s ure\u0111ajem temeljenim na rotiraju\u0107im diskovima radi olak\u0161anja testiranja funkcija jezgre.<\/li>\n<li>U sustavu Device mapper i u modulima dm-mirror, dm-io, dm-table, dm-linear, dm-stripe i dm-raid1 <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-scsi\/20250116170301.474130-1-john.g.garry@oracle.com\/T\/\">implementirano je<\/a> podr\u0161ka za atomsku zapisivanje.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Memorija i sistemske usluge<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-kselftest\/20241213193511.457338-1-zfigura@codeweavers.com\/T\/\">Zavr\u0161ena je<\/a> integracija u jezgru voza\u010da <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.kernel.org\/next\/userspace-api\/ntsync.html\">ntsync<\/a>, koji implementira simboli\u010dki ure\u0111aj \/dev\/ntsync i skup primiteta za sinkronizaciju koji se koriste u jezgru Windows NT. Implementacija takvih primiteta na razini jezgre mo\u017ee zna\u010dajno pobolj\u0161ati performanse Windows igara pokrenutih uz pomo\u0107 Wine. Pove\u0107anje performansi posti\u017ee se eliminacijom tro\u0161kova povezanih s kori\u0161tenjem RPC-a u prostoru korisnika. Stvaranje zasebnog voza\u010da za kernel Linux obja\u0161njava se problemati\u010dno\u0161\u0107u ispravne implementacije NT sinkronizacijskog API-a preko postoje\u0107ih primiteta u jezgru.<\/li>\n<li>Dodan je novi kontroler cgroup <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.kernel.org\/next\/admin-guide\/cgroup-v2.html#dmem\">DMEM<\/a> za odvojeno pra\u0107enje memorijskih podru\u010dja ure\u0111aja, poput GPU-a. DMEM omogu\u0107uje stvaranje odvojenih cgrupa za razli\u010dite zadatke koji rade s GPU-om, tako da se mogu izvr\u0161avati neovisno jedni o drugima. Nova mogu\u0107nost rje\u0161ava problem s prisilnim zavr\u0161avanjem operacija GPU-a kada ponestane dostupne memorije, zahvaljuju\u0107i pra\u0107enju reflektirane memorije GPU-a i memorije koju koriste CPU drajveri u odvojenim cgroup-ima.<\/li>\n<li>Optimizacije su uvedene za skaliranje operacije pra\u017enjenja (flush) TLB-a (Translation Lookaside Buffer), koji se koristi za ubrzanje pretvaranja virtualnih adresa u fizi\u010dke. Dodane optimizacije svode se na odgo\u0111eno a\u017euriranje nekih struktura podataka tijekom prebacivanja konteksta, \u0161to omogu\u0107uje pove\u0107anje performansi tijekom prolaska nekih testova.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-kernel\/20241231043538.4075764-1-yuzhao@google.com\/T\/\">Pove\u0107ana je<\/a> performanse mehanizma <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.kernel.org\/admin-guide\/mm\/multigen_lru.html\">MGLRU<\/a> (Multi-Generational LRU), koji se koristi za odre\u0111ivanje koje se stranice memorije koriste, a koje se mogu istisnuti u swap prostor.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=e3610441d1fb\">Nastavljen<\/a> prijenos izmjena iz grane <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Rust-for-Linux\/linux\">Rust-for-Linux<\/a>, povezanih s kori\u0161tenjem jezika Rust kao drugog jezika za razvoj drajvera i modula jezgre (podr\u0161ka za Rust nije aktivna po defaultu, i ne dovodi do uklju\u010divanja Rusta u obavezne zavisnosti za izgradnju jezgre). Omogu\u0107ena je upotreba makroa &laquo;<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/doc.rust-lang.org\/nightly\/std\/marker\/derive.CoercePointee.html\">derive(CoercePointee)<\/a>&raquo; u jezgru, koji omogu\u0107uje kori\u0161tenje pametnih pokaziva\u010da s trait-objektima. U jezgru <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=2ab002c755bfa88777e3f2db884d531f3010736c\">su uklju\u010dene<\/a> Rust-omotava za <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/diff\/rust\/kernel\/pci.rs?id=2ab002c755bfa88777e3f2db884d531f3010736c\">PCI<\/a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/diff\/rust\/kernel\/platform.rs?id=2ab002c755bfa88777e3f2db884d531f3010736c\">platforme<\/a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/diff\/rust\/kernel\/of.rs?id=2ab002c755bfa88777e3f2db884d531f3010736c\">Open Firmware<\/a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/diff\/rust\/kernel\/miscdevice.rs?id=2ab002c755bfa88777e3f2db884d531f3010736c\">simboli\u010dkih ure\u0111aja<\/a> i nekih <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/diff\/rust\/kernel\/io.rs?id=2ab002c755bfa88777e3f2db884d531f3010736c\">funkcija ulaza\/izlaza<\/a>. Greg Kroah-Hartman, odgovoran za podr\u0161ku stabilnoj grani jezgre Linuxa, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/Z5kokYUDYEO2Cknj@kroah.com\/\">opisao je<\/a> trenutno stanje, kao &laquo;gotovo spremno za pisanje pravog drajvera na Rustu&raquo;.<\/li>\n<li>U scenarijima izgradnje <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/rust-for-linux\/20250103204521.1885406-20-samitolvanen@google.com\/T\/\">predlo\u017een<\/a> novi kod za generiranje verzija debug simbola za u\u010ditane module, koji sada koristi informacije iz debug zapisa u DWARF formatu, umjesto da izravno analiziraju izvorni kod. Promjena omogu\u0107ava primjenu verzioniranja debug simbola za module napisane na jeziku Rust. Stara implementacija tako\u0111er je ostavljena u jezgru, a izbor generatora vr\u0161i se na razini opcija izgradnje.<\/li>\n<li>Za arhitekturu PowerPC <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-kernel\/20241116192306.88217-1-sshegde@linux.ibm.com\/T\/\">implementirano je<\/a> podr\u0161ka za na\u010din lazy iskakanja zadataka (PREEMPT_LAZY, lazy preemption), koji odgovara na\u010dinu punog iskakanja (&laquo;full preemption&raquo;) za realtime zadatke (RR\/FIFO\/DEADLINE), ali odga\u0111a iskakanje obi\u010dnih zadataka (SCHED_NORMAL) do granice takta.<\/li>\n<li>u podsystemu profiliranja performansi perf <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=6c4aa896ebee5edf2b35a9d071e5a468797f96d8\">dodana<\/a> podr\u0161ka za broja\u010de potro\u0161nje energije procesora AMD. <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=7685b334d1e4927cc73b62c65293ba65748d9c52\">Dodana<\/a> mogu\u0107nost rada na sustavima koji imaju do 2048 CPU jezgri.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=7863dcc72d0f\">Osigurana je<\/a> mogu\u0107nost kori\u0161tenja sysctl parametra pid_max s prostorima imena identifikatora procesa (ID namespace). Parametar pid_max je namijenjen ograni\u010davanju maksimalne vrijednosti identifikatora procesa (PID) i sada se mo\u017ee koristiti za ograni\u010davanje maksimalnog broja procesa pokrenutih u navedenom prostoru imena. Obrada parametra se vr\u0161i hijerarhijski, tj. ograni\u010denja u vanjskim prostorima imena se primjenjuju na ugnije\u017edene prostore imena.<\/li>\n<li>Prilikom kori\u0161tenja za pokretanje procesa sistemskog poziva <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man2\/execveat.2.html\">execveat<\/a> u datote\u010dnom sustavu \/proc sada \u0107e se prikazivati ime pokrenutog fajla, a ne broj fajl deskriptora.<\/li>\n<li>U sastav izvornog koda jezgre (u katalogu samples) dodana je utilita mountinfo, koja prikazuje kori\u0161tenje sistemskih poziva statmount() i listmount().<\/li>\n<li>U podsystemu BPF <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=4fec4c22f046\">predlo\u017eene<\/a> nove funkcije bpf_local_irq_save() i bpf_local_irq_restore() za privremeno isklju\u010divanje prekida na lokalnom CPU. Funkcije se mogu koristiti za implementaciju struktura \u010dija obrada nije prekinuta prekidima.<\/li>\n<li>U sistemskom pozivu <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man2\/madvise.2.html\">madvise()<\/a> prilikom kori\u0161tenja oznaka MADV_DONTNEED i MADV_FREE <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=6375e95f381e\">osigurano je<\/a> osloba\u0111anje tablica stranica memorije povezanih s oslobo\u0111enim rasponom adresa, budu\u0107i da u nekim situacijama prazne stranice memorije mogu zauzimati zna\u010dajnu koli\u010dinu memorije.<\/li>\n<li>Za arhitekturu OpenRISC implementirana je podr\u0161ka za mehanizam ponovljivih sekvenci (rseq, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/697979\/\">restartable sequences<\/a>), namijenjen brzom atomskom izvr\u0161avanju operacija koje, u slu\u010daju prekida od strane druge niti, se \u010diste i ponovo poku\u0161avaju za izvr\u0161enje.<\/li>\n<li>Reorganizovan je kod s implementacijom algoritama CRC32 i CRC-T10DIF, koji vi\u0161e nije preklapaju\u0107 s podsystemom crypto i poziva se direktno iz bibliotekarskog su\u010delja. Promjena je omogu\u0107ila pojednostavljenje koda i pove\u0107anje njegove efikasnosti.<\/li>\n<li>U sustav asinkronog ulaza\/izlaza io_uring <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-fsdevel\/20241128112240.8867-1-anuj20.g@samsung.com\/T\/\">dodana je<\/a> su\u010delje za prijenos dodatnih metapodataka o cjelovitosti tijekom izvo\u0111enja operacija \u010ditanja i pisanja.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Virtualizacija i sigurnost<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>U sustavni poziv <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man2\/execveat.2.html\">execveat<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-security-module\/20241212174223.389435-1-mic@digikod.net\/T\/\">dodana je<\/a> oznaka AT_EXECVE_CHECK, koja omogu\u0107ava <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.kernel.org\/next\/userspace-api\/check_exec.html\">izvr\u0161enje provjere<\/a> dopustivost izvr\u0161avanja datoteke bez njenog stvarnog pokretanja, ali uzimaju\u0107i u obzir sigurnosne politike, prava pristupa i aktivne LSM module. Za upotrebu u kombinaciji s AT_EXECVE_CHECK predlo\u017eeni su securebit zastavice SECBIT_EXEC_RESTRICT_FILE i SECBIT_EXEC_DENY_INTERACTIVE, koje se mogu koristiti za ograni\u010davanje izvr\u0161avanja datoteka sa skriptama na interpretiranim programskim jezicima. Zastavica SECBIT_EXEC_RESTRICT_FILE nala\u017ee linkerima i interpretatorima da koriste opciju AT_EXECVE_CHECK za provjeru dopu\u0161tenosti izvo\u0111enja, dok zastavica SECBIT_EXEC_DENY_INTERACTIVE zabranjuje obradu interaktivnih komandi. Osnovna ideja promjene je mogu\u0107nost primjene sigurnosnih politika ne samo na tradicionalne izvr\u0161ne datoteke, ve\u0107 i na tekstualne datoteke sa skriptama, koje se mogu u\u010ditati pokretanjem interpretatora (tj. zabrana izvr\u0161avanja mo\u017ee se implementirati ne samo prilikom pokretanja &laquo;.\/script.sh&raquo; nego i prilikom izvr\u0161avanja u obliku &laquo;sh script.sh&raquo;).<\/li>\n<li>Na x86 sustavima implementirana je podr\u0161ka za za\u0161ti\u0107ene mjera\u010de vremena za gostuju\u0107e sustave, koji ne dopu\u0161taju promjenu sistemskih sati iz okru\u017eenja doma\u0107ina. Mogu\u0107nost je implementirana na bazi mehanizma <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amd.com\/en\/developer\/sev.html\">AMD SEV<\/a> (Secure Encrypted Virtualization), koji se koristi u sustavima virtualizacije za za\u0161titu virtualnih ma\u0161ina od ometanja od strane hipervizora ili administratora sustava doma\u0107ina.<\/li>\n<li>U sustav mandatorne kontrole pristupa SELinux <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=4aa176193475d37441cc52b84088542f3a59899a\">dodana<\/a> podr\u0161ka <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/selinuxproject.org\/page\/XpermRules\">xperm pravila<\/a>, koja omogu\u0107uju povezivanje SELinux politika s odre\u0111enim pozivima ioctl() ili porukama netlink.<\/li>\n<li>Za potpisivanje modula kernela digitalnim potpisom umjesto SHA1 prema zadanim postavkama <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/f3b93547b91ad849b58eb5ab2dd070950ad7beb3\">je kori\u0161ten<\/a> algoritam SHA512.<\/li>\n<li>U drajverima za gostuju\u0107e sustave VirtualBox <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/20250118-vfs-misc-84fb5265d102@brauner\/\">je uklju\u010dena<\/a> podr\u0161ka za ARM64 arhitekturu.<\/li>\n<li>U hipervizoru KVM <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=0f8e26b38d7ac72b3ad764944a25dd5808f37a6e\">nastavljena<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-kernel\/20250106124633.1418972-1-nikunj@amd.com\/T\/\">rada<\/a> na implementaciji mehanizma Intel TDX (Trusted Domain Extensions) za \u0161ifriranje memorije gostuju\u0107ih sustava.<\/li>\n<li>U virtio_blk <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=5820a3b08987951e3e4a89fca8ab6e1448f672e1\">dodana<\/a> podr\u0161ka za na\u010din oporavka pogre\u0161aka.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mre\u017eni subsistem<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>U implementaciji protokola <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.kernel.org\/networking\/rxrpc.html\">RxRPC<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/netdev\/20241204074710.990092-1-dhowells@redhat.com\/T\/\">dodana je<\/a> mogu\u0107nost kori\u0161tenja velikih UDP okvira za pove\u0107anje propusnosti.<\/li>\n<li>Za TCP dodana je podr\u0161ka za algoritam <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/rfc8985\">RACK-TLP<\/a> za odre\u0111ivanje gubitka paketa.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/netdev\/20241209-jakub-krn-909-poc-msec-tw-tstamp-v2-0-66aca0eed03e@cloudflare.com\/T\/\">Dodano<\/a> novi parametar sysctl tcp_tw_reuse_delay koji se primjenjuje na razini prostora imena (network namespace) i omogu\u0107uje odre\u0111ivanje ka\u0161njenja prije nego \u0161to sustav ponovno mo\u017ee upotrijebiti broj mre\u017enog porta nakon zatvaranja TCP soketa.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=bc6a5efe3dcd\">Dodana<\/a> mogu\u0107nost odabira pru\u017eatelja to\u010dnog vremena (PTP) za generiranje vremenskih oznaka na razinama PHY i MAC.<\/li>\n<li>Za IPsec <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/netdev\/20241114070713.3718740-1-chopps@chopps.org\/T\/\">implementirano je<\/a> podr\u0161ka mehanizmu agregacije i fragmentacije enkapsuliranih IP paketa \u2013 <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/rfc9347\/\">IP-TFS\/AGGFRAG<\/a> (IP Traffic Flow Security\/Aggregation and Fragmentation Mode for Encapsulating Security Payload).<\/li>\n<li>U sustav mre\u017enih soketa <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=a32f3e9d1ed146f81162702605d65447a319eb76\">dodana<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/netdev\/20241213084457.45120-1-annaemesenyiri@gmail.com\/T\/\">podr\u0161ka<\/a> prijenos informacija o prioritetu (SO_PRIORITY) u obliku kontrolnih poruka (cmsg \u2014 control messages). Za mre\u017ene sokete <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=e45469e594b255ef8d750ed5576698743450d2ac\">dodana<\/a> opciju SO_RCVPRIORITY, koja uklju\u010duje funkcionalnost recvmsg() za prijenos informacija o prioritetu soketa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Oprema<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/CAPM=9tw+ySbm80B=zHVhodMFoS_fqNw_v4yVURCv3cc9ukvYYg@mail.gmail.com\/\">Dodano<\/a> voza\u010d <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60512\">amdxdna<\/a> za integrirane u CPU AMD akceleratore NPU (Neural Processing Unit) bazirane na arhitekturi <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amd.com\/en\/technologies\/xdna.html\">XDNA<\/a>, namijenjene za ubrzavanje operacija vezanih uz strojno u\u010denje. NPU na bazi arhitekture XDNA dostupna je u serijama 7040 i 8040 procesora AMD Ryzen, akceleratorima AMD Alveo V70 i SoC AMD Versal.<\/li>\n<li>U voza\u010du i915 <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/CAPM=9tw+ySbm80B=zHVhodMFoS_fqNw_v4yVURCv3cc9ukvYYg@mail.gmail.com\/\">dodane su<\/a> identifikatori novih GPU-a, implementiran je handler za gre\u0161ke inicijalizacije HDMI, pobolj\u0161ana je pouzdanost resetiranja GPU motora na Haswell i starijim sustavima.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/CAPM=9tw+ySbm80B=zHVhodMFoS_fqNw_v4yVURCv3cc9ukvYYg@mail.gmail.com\/\">Nastavljena<\/a> rad na drm voza\u010du (Direct Rendering Manager) Xe za GPU-ove bazirane na Intel Xe arhitekturi, koji se koristi u Intel grafi\u010dkim karticama Arc i integriranoj grafici, po\u010dev\u0161i od procesora Tiger Lake.<\/li>\n<li>U voza\u010du Nouveau dodana je mogu\u0107nost prijenosa buffera s logovima GSP-RM putem debugfs.<\/li>\n<li>U AMDGPU drajveru implementirana je podr\u0161ka mehanizmu DRM panic, koji prikazuje sli\u010dnost s \u00abplavim ekranom smrti\u00bb u slu\u010daju kvara. Nastavljena je priprema za podr\u0161ku budu\u0107e serije grafi\u010dkih kartica Radeon RX 9000 temeljene na arhitekturi RDNA4. A\u017eurirana je podr\u0161ka za DCN 3.5, GG 9.5, IH 4.4, PSP 13.x, SMU 13.x, VCN 5.x, JPEG 5.x, GC 12.x, DC FAMS, RAS i ISP.<\/li>\n<li>U DRM voza\u010du msm (GPU Qualcomm Adreno) dodana je podr\u0161ka za Qualcomm SM6150 (QCS615) platformu.<\/li>\n<li>U DRM voza\u010du panfrost dodana je podr\u0161ka za SoC MediaTek MT8188 s GPU-om Mali-G57.<\/li>\n<li>U DRM voza\u010du vc4 dodana je podr\u0161ka za SoC Broadcom BCM2712 (Raspberry Pi 5).<\/li>\n<li>U vfio voza\u010du nvgrace-gpu <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=2bb447540e71ee530388750c38e1b2c8ea08b4b7\">dodana<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-kernel\/20250124183102.3976-1-ankita@nvidia.com\/T\/\">podr\u0161ka<\/a> \u010dipova NVIDIA Grace Blackwell 200.<\/li>\n<li>U sastavu <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/00996191-sr76-57o6-3rr0-o1s3qs80s94o@xreary.bet\/\">uklju\u010den<\/a> voza\u010d za Intel THC (Touch Host Controller) kontrolere, kori\u0161ten za interakciju s dodirnim ekranima i touchpadima na nekim prijenosnim ra\u010dunalima. Dodana podr\u0161ka za Wacom ure\u0111aje s PCI su\u010deljem. <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/dtor\/input.git\/commit\/?h=next&amp;id=92600f3295ff571890c981d886c6544030cc05f3\">Dodana<\/a> podr\u0161ka za igre kontrolere QH Electronics.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/20250124225700.GA2614452-robh@kernel.org\/\">Dodana<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/1f0939fd-1694-476e-954f-e58ff8650dd9@app.fastmail.com\/\">podr\u0161ka<\/a> ARM platforme, SoC i ure\u0111aji: Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Elite (SM8750), Qualcomm Snapdragon AR2 (SAR2130P), Qualcomm IQ6\/IQ8, Snapdragon 425 (MSM8917), Samsung Exynos 9810, Blaize BLZP1600, Microchip SAMA7D65, Renesas R-Car V4H ES3.0, Renesas RZ\/G3E. Dodana podr\u0161ka za SoC <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.postmarketos.org\/wiki\/SpacemiT_Key_Stone_K1\">SpacemiT K1<\/a> na bazi RISC-V arhitekture.<\/li>\n<li>U zvu\u010dnoj podsklopu ALSA za MIDI 2.0 <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/87tt9p4pcf.wl-tiwai@suse.de\/\">pro\u0161irene<\/a> API rawmidi i sequencer. U API-u za prebacivanje operacija kompresije na stranu zvu\u010dne kartice dodana podr\u0161ka za ASRC (Asynchronous Sample Rate Conversion).<\/li>\n<li>Dodana podr\u0161ka za zvu\u010dne sustave ure\u0111aja Allwinner suinv F1C100s, Awinc AW88083, Realtek ALC5682I-VE, TAS2781, Focusrite Scarlett 4th Gen 16i16, 18i16 i 18i20. <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/20250101151209.100072-1-git@mayer-bgk.de\/\">Dodana<\/a> podr\u0161ka za be\u017ei\u010dne slu\u0161alice SteelSeries Arctis 9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Izvor: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linux.org.ru\/news\/kernel\/17923070\">linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.14. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 ntsync c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Windows NT, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 Btrfs RAID1, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 reflink \u0432 XFS \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 realtime, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u044d\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430, dmem cgroup \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 GPU, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 io_uring \u0432 FUSE, \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 NFS, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 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