{"id":183105,"date":"2026-08-25T16:54:38","date_gmt":"2026-08-25T14:54:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/news\/yadru-linux-ispolnilos-35-let"},"modified":"2026-08-25T16:54:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-25T14:54:40","slug":"linux-kernel-turns-35","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/linux-kernel-turns-35","title":{"rendered":"Linux jezgru je napunilo 35 godina","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>25. kolovoza 1991. godine, nakon pet mjeseci razvoja, 21-godi\u0161nji student Linus Torvalds najavio je na telekonferenciji comp.os.minix izradu radnog prototipa novog operativnog sustava Linux, za koji je bio ozna\u010den zavr\u0161etak portiranja bash 1.08 i gcc 1.40. Prvo javno izdanje jezgre Linuxa predstavljeno je 17. rujna. Jezgra 0.0.1 imala je veli\u010dinu od 62 kB u komprimiranom obliku i sadr\u017eavala je otprilike 10 tisu\u0107a linija izvornog koda. Suvremena jezgra Linuxa broji oko 44 milijuna linija koda.     <\/p>\n<p>Linux kernel je stvoren pod utjecajem operativnog sustava MINIX, koji nije zadovoljio Linusa svojom ograni\u010denom licencom. Kasnije, kada je Linux postao poznat projekt, neprijatelji su poku\u0161ali optu\u017eiti Linusa za direktno kopiranje koda nekih pod-sustava MINIX-a. Napad je odbio Andrew Tanenbaum, autor MINIX-a, koji je zadu\u017eio jednog od studenata da provede detaljno usporedno istra\u017eivanje koda Minix-a i prvih javnih verzija Linux-a. Rezultati istra\u017eivanja pokazali su samo \u010detiri nebitne podudarnosti blokova koda, uvjetovane zahtjevima POSIX-a i ANSI C.    <\/p>\n<p>Isprva je Linus planirao nazvati jezgru Freax, od rije\u010di \"free\", \"freak\" i X (Unix). No ime \"Linux\" jezgra je dobila voljom Arija Lemke (Ari Lemmke), koji je na Linusov zahtjev postavio jezgru na FTP poslu\u017eitelj sveu\u010dili\u0161ta, nazivaju\u0107i direktorij s arhivom ne \"freax\", kako je tra\u017eio Torvalds, nego \"linux\". Zanimljivo je da je domi\u0161ljati poduzetnik William Della Croce uspio registrirati trgova\u010dku marku Linux i \u017eelio je s vremenom prikupljati naknade, ali je kasnije odustao i prenio sva prava na trgova\u010dku marku Linusu. Slu\u017ebeni maskota Linux jezgre, pingvin Tux, odabran je na temelju natjecanja odr\u017eanog 1996. godine. Ime Tux de\u0161ifrira se kao Torvalds UniX.    <\/p>\n<p>Dinamika rasta baze koda (broj redaka izvornog koda) kernela:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> 0.0.1 \u2014 rujan 1991., 10 tisu\u0107a linija koda;  <\/li>\n<li> 1.0.0 \u2014 o\u017eujak 1994., 176 tisu\u0107a linija koda;  <\/li>\n<li> 1.2.0 \u2014 o\u017eujak 1995., 311 tisu\u0107a linija koda;  <\/li>\n<li> 2.0.0 \u2014 lipanj 1996., 778 tisu\u0107a linija koda;  <\/li>\n<li> 2.2.0 \u2014 sije\u010danj 1999., 1,8 milijuna linija koda;  <\/li>\n<li> 2.4.0 \u2014 sije\u010danj 2001., 3,4 milijuna linija koda;  <\/li>\n<li> 2.6.0 \u2014 prosinac 2003., 5,9 milijuna linija koda;  <\/li>\n<li> 2.6.28 \u2014 prosinac 2008., 10,2 milijuna linija koda;  <\/li>\n<li> 2.6.35 \u2014 kolovoz 2010., 13,4 milijuna linija koda;   <\/li>\n<li> 3.0 \u2014 kolovoz 2011., 14,6 milijuna linija koda;   <\/li>\n<li> 3.5 \u2014 srpanj 2012., 15,5 milijuna linija koda;   <\/li>\n<li> 3.10 \u2014 srpanj 2013., 15,8 milijuna linija koda;  <\/li>\n<li> 3.16 \u2014 kolovoz 2014., 17,5 milijuna linija koda;   <\/li>\n<li> 4.1 \u2014 lipanj 2015., 19,5 milijuna linija koda;  <\/li>\n<li> 4.7 \u2014 srpanj 2016., 21,7 milijuna linija koda;   <\/li>\n<li> 4.12 \u2014 srpanj 2017., 24,1 milijuna linija koda;   <\/li>\n<li> 4.18 \u2014 kolovoz 2018., 25,3 milijuna linija koda;   <\/li>\n<li> 5.2 \u2014 srpanj 2019., 26,55 milijuna linija koda;  <\/li>\n<li> 5.8 \u2014 kolovoz 2020., 28,4 milijuna linija koda;   <\/li>\n<li> 5.13 \u2014 lipanj 2021., 29,2 milijuna linija koda;  <\/li>\n<li> 5.19 \u2014 kolovoz 2022., 30,5 milijuna linija koda;  <\/li>\n<li> 6.4 \u2014 lipanj 2023., 32,9 milijuna linija koda.  <\/li>\n<li> 6.10 \u2014 srpanj 2024., 35,1 milijuna linija koda.  <\/li>\n<li> 6.16 \u2014 srpanj 2025, 40.8 milijuna linija koda.  <\/li>\n<li> 7.2 \u2014 kolovoz 2026, 43.9 milijuna linija koda.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Napredak razvoja jezgre:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 0.0.1 \u2014 rujan 1991., prvo javno izdanje, podr\u017eava samo CPU i386 i u\u010ditava se s disketu;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 0.12 \u2014 sije\u010danj 1992., kod po\u010deo \u0161iriti pod GPLv2 licencom;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 0.95 \u2014 o\u017eujak 1992., omogu\u0107ena podr\u0161ka za pokretanje X Window System, implementirana podr\u0161ka za virtualnu memoriju i swap particiju.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 0.96-0.99 \u2014 1992-1993, zapo\u010deti rad na mre\u017enom steku. Predstavljena datote\u010dna sustav Ext2, dodana podr\u0161ka za ELF format datoteka, predstavljeni upravlja\u010dki programi za zvu\u010dne kartice i SCSI kontrolere, implementirati u\u010ditavanje modula jezgre i datote\u010dnog sustava \/proc.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> U 1992. godini pojavili su se prvi distribucijski sustavi SLS i Yggdrasil. Ljeti 1993. godine osnovani su projekti Slackware i Debian.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 1.0 \u2014 o\u017eujak 1994., prvo slu\u017ebeno stabilno izdanje;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 1.2 \u2014 o\u017eujak 1995, zna\u010dajno pove\u0107anje broja drajvera, podr\u0161ka za platforme Alpha, MIPS i SPARC, pro\u0161irenje mogu\u0107nosti mre\u017enog staka, uvo\u0111enje paketnog filtra, podr\u0161ka za NFS;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 2.0 \u2014 lipanj 1996. godine, podr\u0161ka za vi\u0161ezada\u0107ne sustave;    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> O\u017eujak 1997: osnovana LKML, mailing lista za razvija\u010de Linux jezgre;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> 1998. godine: pokrenut prvi klaster na bazi Linuxa na listi Top500, sastavljen od 68 \u010dvorova s CPU Alpha;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 2.2 \u2014 sije\u010danj 1999, pove\u0107ana u\u010dinkovitost sustava upravljanja memorijom, dodana <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"podr\u0161ka za IPv6\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">podr\u0161ka za IPv6<\/a>, implementiran novi vatrozid, predstavljena nova zvu\u010dna pod-sustava;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 2.4 \u2014 velja\u010da 2001, osigurana podr\u0161ka za sustave s 8 procesora i 64 GB RAM-a, datote\u010dni sustav Ext3, podr\u0161ka za USB, ACPI;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 2.6 \u2014 prosinac 2003, podr\u0161ka za SELinux, alati za automatsko pode\u0161avanje parametara jezgre, sysfs, revidirani sustav upravljanja memorijom;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> U 2005. predstavljeno hipervizor Xen, koji je otvorio eru virtualizacije;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> U rujnu 2008. oblikovana je prva verzija Android platforme, temeljen na Linux kernelu;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> U srpnju 2011. godine, nakon 10 godina razvoja grane 2.6.x, pre\u0161lo se na numeraciju 3.x. Broj objekata u Git repozitoriju dosegao je 2 milijuna;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Godine 2015. objavljeno je jezgro Linux 4.0. Broj git objekata u repozitoriju dosegao je 4 milijuna;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> U travnju 2018. godine pre\u0111ena je granica od 6 milijuna git objekata u repozitoriju jezgra.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> U sije\u010dnju 2019. godine formirana je grana jezgre Linux 5.0. Repozitorij je dosegao razinu od 6.5 milijuna git objekata.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Objavljeno u kolovozu 2020. godine, jezgro 5.8 postalo je najve\u0107e po broju promjena od svih jezgra u povijesti projekta.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> U jezgru 5.13 postavljen je rekord po broju programera (2150) \u010dije su promjene u\u0161le u sastav jezgra.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> U kolovozu 2022. godine formirana je grana jezgre Linux 6.0, budu\u0107i da je u grani 5.x akumulirano dovoljno izdanja za promjenu prvog broja u oznaci verzije.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> U jezgru 6.1, objavljenom u prosincu 2022. godine, dodana je mogu\u0107nost kori\u0161tenja jezika Rust kao drugog jezika za razvoj drajvera i modula jezgre.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> U velja\u010di 2025. godine postignuta je oznaka od 40 milijuna linija izvornog koda.\n<li class=\"l\"> Podr\u0161ka za Rust preba\u010dena je iz eksperimentalnih u glavne mogu\u0107nosti jezgre Linux.\n<li class=\"l\"> U 2026. godini obilje\u017eeno je napredovanje kori\u0161tenja AI alata za otklanjanje gre\u0161aka, pregled promjena, otkrivanje gre\u0161aka i razvoj ispravaka u jezgri. Izme\u0111u ostalog, AI je po\u010deo koristiti Linus Torvalds, na primjer, nedavno za otkrivanje uzroka problema u Intel Xe drajveru.      <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Oko 65% svih promjena u jezgru su unijeli 20 najaktivnijih tvrtki. Na primjer, prilikom razvoja jezgra 7.1 od svih promjena 9.1% (prije godinu dana u jezgru 6.16 bilo je 11.3%) pripremila je tvrtka Intel, 7.7% (6.3%) \u2014 Google, 5.2% (5.4%) \u2014 AMD, 5.0% (3.6%) \u2014 Qualcomm, 4.7% (7.6%) \u2014 Red Hat, 3.8% (2.4%) \u2014 NVIDIA, 3.4% (2.9%) \u2014 Meta, 2.9% (3.0%) \u2014 SUSE, 2.5% (2.9%) \u2014 Oracle, 2.1% (2.3%) \u2014 ARM, 1.4% (1.4%) \u2014 IBM, 1.3% (2.4%) \u2014 Huawei. 18% (15.3%) promjena pripremili su neovisni sudionici ili programeri koji nisu izri\u010dito naveli svoj rad za odre\u0111ene tvrtke. Po broju dodanih linija koda u jezgru 7.1 prednja\u010de tvrtke Meta, AMD i Qualcomm, \u010diji udjeli iznose 15.8%, 13.8% i 7.6% (u jezgru 6.16 prednja\u010dili su Intel, Red Hat i Google, \u010diji su udjeli iznosili 9.2%, 7.2% i 6.9%).<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=66133\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>25 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1991 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 21-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 comp.os.minix \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Linux, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f bash 1.08 \u0438 gcc 1.40. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d 17 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f. \u042f\u0434\u0440\u043e 0.0.1 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 62 \u041a\u0431 \u0432 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"25 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1991 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 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