{"id":184188,"date":"2026-11-08T23:41:05","date_gmt":"2026-11-08T21:41:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/news\/predstavlen-kmorph-dlya-bystrogo-vosstanovleniya-posle-sboya-ili-obnovleniya-yadra-linux"},"modified":"2026-11-08T23:41:09","modified_gmt":"2026-11-08T21:41:09","slug":"kmorph-introduced-for-fast-recovery-after-a-linux-kernel-crash-or-update","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/kmorph-introduced-for-fast-recovery-after-a-linux-kernel-crash-or-update","title":{"rendered":"Predstavljen kmorph za brzo obnavljanje nakon kvara ili a\u017euriranja Linux jezgre","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Programeri projekta Multikernel, koji omogu\u0107ava izvo\u0111enje nekoliko neovisnih kopija jezgre na jednom fizi\u010dkom ra\u010dunalu bez hipervizora i virtualizacije, predstavili su alat kmorph, koji pru\u017ea sredstva za brzo obnavljanje nakon iznenadnog zaustavljanja Linux jezgre ili za zamjenu jezgre u Live-re\u017eimu bez potpunog ponovnog pokretanja. Projekt razvija Cong Wang, koji odr\u017eava sustav upravljanja prometom (TC, Traffic Control) unutar jezgre. Metoda brzog ponovnog pokretanja temelji se na prethodnom u\u010ditavanju zamjenske jezgre u memoriju, koja zamjenjuje glavnu radnu jezgru u slu\u010daju kvara ili kada je potrebno zamijeniti jezgru novom verzijom. <\/p>\n

Predlo\u017eeni pristup omogu\u0107ava izbjegavanje potpunog ponovnog pokretanja i gotovo trenutno obnavlja rad, smanjuju\u0107i vrijeme zastoja na minimum. Trenutno, u slu\u010daju iznenadnog zaustavljanja rada jezgre, potrebno je potpuno ponovo pokretanje velikih poslu\u017eitelja<\/a> zauzima nekoliko minuta zbog dugih procesa inicijalizacije opreme, u\u010ditavanja sistemskog okru\u017eenja i spremanja dump-a memorije jezgre putem mehanizma kdump. U su\u0161tini, prilikom kori\u0161\u0107enja kdump-a obavljaju se dva restartovanja jezgre \u2014 prvo se putem kexec-a pokre\u0107e poseban primerak jezgre za spremanje dump-a memorije, nakon \u010dega se u\u010ditava radna jezgra i pokre\u0107u sistemske usluge.<\/p>\n

U slu\u010daju kori\u0161tenja kmorph u vezi s odre\u0111enom jezgrom CPU-a, unaprijed se u\u010ditava zamjenska Linux jezgra i minimalno sistemsko okru\u017eenje koje prati stanje glavne jezgre. U slu\u010daju zastoja ili povratka u stanje panike glavne jezgre, zamjensko okru\u017eenje preuzima kontrolu, sprema memorijsku sliku neispravne jezgre, prebacuje na sebe procesorske jezgre, memoriju, ure\u0111aje, mre\u017enu konfiguraciju i FS. <\/p>\n

Prebacivanje se koordinira pomo\u0107u dva programa: kmorph \u2014 pokre\u0107e se u aktivnom okru\u017eenju, formira sadr\u017eaj rezervnog okru\u017eenja i sinhronizuje stanje mre\u017ee u njemu; kmorphd \u2014 pokre\u0107e se u rezervnom okru\u017eenju i prati stanje aktivnog okru\u017eenja. Pored prebacivanja u slu\u010daju nesre\u0107e, postoji mogu\u0107nost kori\u0161\u0107enja kmorph-a za a\u017euriranje jezgre bez tradicionalnog restartovanja. Kako bi se ubrzalo obnavljanje u rezervnom okru\u017eenju, pored jezgre i minimalnog seta sistemskih komponenti u re\u017eimu \u010dekanja mogu se pokrenuti tipi\u010dne usluge, kao \u0161to je nginx. U tom slu\u010daju, u trenutku aktivacije rezervnog okru\u017eenja, nginx usluga \u0107e ve\u0107 biti u\u010ditana u memoriju i odmah \u0107e po\u010deti da obra\u0111uje zahteve nakon prebacivanja u novo okru\u017eenje mre\u017ene kartice, aktivacije mre\u017ene konfiguracije i promene korenjske fasade.<\/p>\n

U provedenim testovima server s nginx-om pomo\u0107u kmorpha obnavlja rad otprilike dvije sekunde nakon kvara jezgre, ali u budu\u0107nosti se planira posti\u0107i trenuta\u010dno prebacivanje neprimjetno za povezane klijente. Trenutno kmorph podr\u017eava arhitekture x86_64 i ARM64, a tako\u0111er se radi na podr\u0161ci za RISC-V. Integracija kmorpha u distribucije Linuxa provodi se po analogiji s podr\u0161kom za kdump, putem standardnih alata dracut, initramfs-tools, kernel-install i usluge systemd.<\/p>\n

U sastavu jezgre ve\u0107 postoje mehanizmi Kexec HandOver (KHO) i Live Update Orchestrator (LUO), koji omogu\u0107uju pokretanje nove jezgre iz stare bez gubitka stanja sustava i bez zaustavljanja rada ure\u0111aja. Me\u0111utim, ne mogu se primijeniti u slu\u010daju kvara u jezgri, jer zahtijevaju o\u010duvanje stanja aktivne jezgre. KHO i LUO tako\u0111er su sporiji od kmorpha u brzini prebacivanja zbog toga \u0161to se u kmorphu nova jezgra ve\u0107 nalazi u memoriji, dok KHO i LUO zahtijevaju ponovo pokretanje jezgre putem kexec-a.
\n
Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Multikernel, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 kmorph, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0432 Live-\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0433 \u0412\u0430\u043d\u0433 (Cong Wang), \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c (TC, Traffic Control) \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-184188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Predstavljen kmorph za brzo obnavljanje nakon kvara ili a\u017euriranja jezgre Linuxa | ProHoster","description":"Programeri projekta Multikernel, koji omogu\u0107uje pokretanje vi\u0161e neovisnih instanci jezgre na jednom fizi\u010dkom ra\u010dunalu bez hipervizora i virtualizacije, predstavili su alat kmorph, koji implementira potrebna sredstva.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/kmorph-introduced-for-fast-recovery-after-a-linux-kernel-crash-or-update","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"hr_HR","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d kmorph \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e 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\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 kmorph, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/kmorph-introduced-for-fast-recovery-after-a-linux-kernel-crash-or-update","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2026-11-08T21:41:05+00:00","article:modified_time":"2026-11-08T21:41:09+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":[],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=184188"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":184189,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184188\/revisions\/184189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=184188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=184188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=184188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}