{"id":30310,"date":"2019-10-31T21:34:48","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ya-proskaniroval-ukrainu\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:34:48","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:48","slug":"ya-proskaniroval-ukrainu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/ya-proskaniroval-ukrainu","title":{"rendered":"Skenerirao sam Ukrajinu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

U velja\u010di je Austrijanac Christian Haschek na svom blogu objavio zanimljiv \u010dlanak pod nazivom \u00abSkrenuo sam pa\u017enju na cijelu Austriju\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>. Naravno, zanimalo me je \u0161to bi se dogodilo ako ponovim ovo istra\u017eivanje, ali s Ukrajinom. Nekoliko tjedana neprekidnog prikupljanja informacija, jo\u0161 nekoliko dana za oblikovanje \u010dlanka, a tijekom ovog istra\u017eivanja razgovori s razli\u010ditim predstavnicima na\u0161e zajednice, kako bih pojasnio i saznao vi\u0161e. Molim vas, nastavite dolje\u2026
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

TL;DR<\/h2>\n

\nZa prikupljanje informacija nisu kori\u0161tena nikakva posebna sredstva (iako su neki savjetovali kori\u0161tenje istog OpenVAS-a kako bi istra\u017eivanje bilo temeljitije i informativnije). Po mom mi\u0161ljenju, situacija s IP adresama koje pripadaju Ukrajini (dole o tome kako su utvr\u0111ene) prili\u010dno je lo\u0161a (i definitivno gora od onoga \u0161to se doga\u0111a u Austriji). Nisu napravljeni nikakvi poku\u0161aji kori\u0161tenja otkrivenih ranjivih servera, niti su planirani.<\/p>\n

Prvo: kako mo\u017eemo dobiti sve IP adrese koje pripadaju odre\u0111enoj zemlji?<\/h2>\n

\nZapravo, to je vrlo jednostavno. IP adrese ne generira sama zemlja, ve\u0107 ih ona dodjeljuje. Stoga postoji popis (i on je javno dostupan) svih zemalja i svih IP adresa koje im pripadaju.<\/p>\n

Svako mo\u017ee preuzeti ga<\/a><\/noindex>, a zatim ga filtrirati kroz grep Ukraine IP2LOCATION-LITE-DB1.CSV> ukraine.csv<\/p>\n

Jednostavan skript koji je stvorio Christian<\/a><\/noindex>, omogu\u0107ava pretvaranje popisa u korisniji oblik.<\/p>\n

Ukrajini pripada gotovo toliko IPv4 adresa koliko i Austriji, vi\u0161e od 11 milijuna. To\u010dnije, 11 640 409 (za usporedbu, u Austriji ih ima 11 170 487).<\/p>\n

Ako ne \u017eelite sami igrati s IP adresama (a to ne biste trebali raditi!), mo\u017eete koristiti servis Shodan.io<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Ima li na Ukrajini nepatchane Windows ma\u0161ine koje imaju izravan pristup internetu?<\/h2>\n

\nNaravno, nijedan svjestan Ukrajinac ne\u0107e otvoriti takav pristup svojim ra\u010dunalima. Ili ho\u0107e?<\/p>\n

masscan -p445 --rate 300 -iL ukraine.ips -oG ukraine.445.scan && cat ukraine.445.scan | wc -l<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nProna\u0111eno je 5669 Windows ma\u0161ina s izravnim pristupom mre\u017ei (u Austriji ih ima samo 1273, ali to je i dalje mnogo).<\/p>\n
Ups. Are there any among them that could be attacked using the ETHERNALBLUE exploits, known since 2017? In Austria, there were no such machines, and I hoped that none would be found in Ukraine either. Unfortunately, that's not the case. 198 IP addresses were found that didn't close this \"hole\".<\/p>\n
DNS, DDoS, and the rabbit hole depth<\/h2>\n
\nEnough about Windows. Let's see what we have with DNS servers, which are open resolvers and can be used for DDoS attacks.<\/p>\n
It works something like this. The attacker sends a small DNS request, and the vulnerable server responds to the victim with a packet that is 100 times larger. Boom! Corporate networks can collapse quickly from such a data volume, and the bandwidth needed for the attack can be provided by a modern smartphone. And such attacks have been not uncommon<\/a><\/noindex> even on GitHub.<\/p>\n
Let's see if there are such servers in Ukraine.<\/p>\n
masscan -pU 53 -iL ukraine.ips -oG ukraine.53.scan && cat ukraine.53.scan | wc -l<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nThe first step is to find those with an open port 53. As a result, we have a list of 58,730 IP addresses, but this doesn't mean they can all be used for a DDoS attack. It is necessary for the second requirement to be met, namely, they must be open resolvers.<\/p>\n
Za to mo\u017eete koristiti jednostavnu naredbu dig i vidjeti da mo\u017eemo \"iskopati\" dig + short test.openresolver.com TXT @ip.of.dns.server. Ako server odgovori open-resolver-detected, mo\u017ee se smatrati potencijalnim objektom napada. Open resolveri \u010dine otprilike 25%, \u0161to je usporedivo s Austrijom. \u0160to se ti\u010de ukupnog broja, to je oko 0,02% svih ukrajinskih IP adresa.<\/p>\n
What else can we find in Ukraine?<\/h2>\n
\nGlad you asked. It's easier (and the most interesting for me personally) to look for IPs with an open port 80 and see what's running on it.<\/p>\n
web servers<\/h3>\n
\n260,849 Ukrainian IPs respond on port 80 (http). 125,444 addresses responded positively (200 status) to a simple GET request that your browser can send. The rest returned various errors. Interestingly, 853 servers returned a 500 status, while the rarest statuses were 407 (proxy authorization request) and the absolutely non-standard 602 (IP not in the \"whitelist\") both with one response.<\/p>\n
Apache absolutely dominates \u2014 114,544 servers are using it. The oldest version I found in Ukraine is 1.3.29, released on October 29, 2003 (!!!). nginx is in second place with 61,659 servers.<\/p>\n
11 poslu\u017eitelja koristi WinCE, koji je objavljen 1996. godine, a potpunu podr\u0161ku je izgubio 2013. (u Austriji ih ima samo 4).<\/p>\n
Protokol HTTP\/2 koristi 5 144 poslu\u017eitelja, HTTP\/1.1 \u2014 256 836, HTTP\/1 \u2014 13 491.<\/p>\n
Printeri\u2026 jer\u2026 za\u0161to ne?<\/h3>\n
\n2 HP, 5 Epson i 4 Canon koji su dostupni putem mre\u017ee, neki od njih bez ikakvih autorizacija.<\/p>\n
\"Skenerirao
\n <\/p>\n
web kamere<\/h3>\n
\nNije novost da u Ukrajini ima VEOMA mnogo web kamera koje se prenose na internetu, prikupljene sa razli\u010ditih resursa. Bar 75 kamera prenosi na internetu bez ikakve za\u0161tite. Mo\u017eete ih pogledati ovdje<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
\"Skenerirao
\n <\/p>\n
\u0160to dalje?<\/h2>\n
\nUkrajina je mala zemlja, kao i Austrija, ali ima iste probleme kao i velike zemlje u IT sektoru. Trebamo razviti bolje razumijevanje onoga \u0161to je sigurno a \u0161to opasno, a proizvo\u0111a\u010di opreme trebaju pru\u017eiti sigurnu po\u010detnu konfiguraciju svoje opreme.<\/p>\n
Osim toga, okupam partnerske kompanije (postati partner<\/a><\/noindex>), koje vam mogu pomo\u0107i da osigurate integritet vlastite IT infrastrukture. Sljede\u0107i korak planiram napraviti pregled sigurnosti ukrajinskih web stranica. Ne isklju\u010dujte se!
\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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