{"id":30623,"date":"2019-10-31T21:36:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:36:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:34","slug":"klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2","title":{"rendered":"Klasterastor za male web klastere temeljen na drbd+ocfs2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>O \u010demu \u0107emo govoriti:<\/b><br \/>\nKako brzo postaviti zajedni\u010dko pohranu za dva poslu\u017eitelja temeljenu na rje\u0161enjima drbd+ocfs2. <\/p>\n<p><b>Za koga \u0107e to biti korisno:<\/b><br \/>\nOvaj vodi\u010d bit \u0107e koristan sustavnim administratorima i svima koji biraju metodu implementacije pohrane ili \u017eele isprobati rje\u0161enje.<\/p>\n<h3>Od kojih rje\u0161enja smo odustali i za\u0161to<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u010cesto se susre\u0107emo s situacijom kada trebamo implementirati zajedni\u010dku pohranu s dobrom u\u010dinkovito\u0161\u0107u \u010ditanja i pisanja na malom web klasteru. Isprobali smo razli\u010dite opcije implementacije zajedni\u010dke pohrane za na\u0161e projekte, ali malo toga nas je moglo zadovoljiti prema nekoliko kriterija. Sada \u0107emo objasniti za\u0161to.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Glusterfs nam nije bio zadovoljavaju\u0107i zbog performansi pri \u010ditanju i pisanju, pojavili su se problemi s istovremenim \u010ditanjem velikog broja datoteka, a CPU je imao veliku optere\u0107enost. Problem s \u010ditanjem datoteka mogao se rije\u0161iti izravnim pristupom brickovima, ali to nije uvijek primjenjivo i op\u0107enito nije ispravno. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ceph nam se nije svidio zbog prekomjerne slo\u017eenosti, koja mo\u017ee biti \u0161tetna u projektima s 2-4 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/server\/dts-dusseldorf\/\"   title=\"poslu\u017eiteljima\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3413\">poslu\u017eiteljima<\/a>, osobito kada projekte kasnije odr\u017eavaju. Tako\u0111er, postoje ozbiljna ograni\u010denja u performansama koja prisiljavaju na izgradnju posebnih storage klastera, kao i kod glusterfs. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kori\u0161tenje jednog nfs poslu\u017eitelja za implementaciju zajedni\u010dke pohrane postavlja pitanja u vezi s otpornosti na kvarove. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> s3 \u2014 izvrsno popularno rje\u0161enje za odre\u0111eni spektar zadataka, ali to tako\u0111er nije datote\u010dni sustav, \u0161to su\u017eava podru\u010dje primjene.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>lsyncd. Ako ve\u0107 govorimo o \"ne-datote\u010dnim sustavima\", vrijedi spomenuti i ovo popularno rje\u0161enje. Osim toga, ne mo\u017ee se koristiti za dvosmjernu razmjenu (iako ako ba\u0161 \u017eelite, mo\u017ee se), a tako\u0111er ne radi stabilno s velikim brojem datoteka. Dodatna pogodnost je \u0161to je jednostrano. Razlog le\u017ei u arhitekturi programa: koristi inotify za nadzor objekata rada, koje postavlja prilikom pokretanja i prilikom ponovnog skeniranja. Kao sredstvo prijenosa koristi rsync. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Vodi\u010d: kako postaviti zajedni\u010dku pohranu temeljenu na drbd+ocfs2<\/h3>\n<p>\nJedno od najprikladnijih rje\u0161enja za nas postala je kombinacija <b>ocfs2+drbd<\/b>. Sada \u0107emo objasniti kako brzo postaviti zajedni\u010dko skladi\u0161te za dva <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/server\/\"   title=\"poslu\u017eitelja\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1291\">poslu\u017eitelja<\/a> na temelju rje\u0161enja s bazama podataka. No prvo malo o komponentama:<\/p>\n<p><b>DRBD<\/b> \u2014 sustav pohrane iz standardne LX distribucije, koji omogu\u0107ava repliciranje podataka izme\u0111u poslu\u017eitelja u blokovima. Njegova glavna primjena je u izgradnji skladi\u0161ta otpornih na kvar.<\/p>\n<p><b>OCFS2<\/b> \u2014 datote\u010dni sustav koji omogu\u0107uje dijeljeno kori\u0161tenje istog skladi\u0161ta od strane vi\u0161e sustava. Uklju\u010duje se u Linux distribuciju i predstavlja modul jezgre te userspace alat za rad s FS-om. OCFS2 se mo\u017ee koristiti ne samo iznad DRBD-a, ve\u0107 i iznad iSCSI s vi\u0161estrukim vezama. U na\u0161em primjeru koristimo DRBD.<\/p>\n<p>Sve radnje se izvode na ubuntu serveru 18.04 u minimalnoj konfiguraciji.<\/p>\n<p><b>Korak 1. Konfiguriramo DRBD:<br \/>\n<\/b><br \/>\nU datoteci \/etc\/drbd.d\/drbd0.res opisujemo na\u0161e virtualno blok ure\u0111aje \/dev\/drbd0:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">resource drbd0 {\n    syncer { rate 1000M; }\n    net {\n        allow-two-primaries;\n        after-sb-0pri discard-zero-changes;\n        after-sb-1pri discard-secondary;\n        after-sb-2pri disconnect;\n    }\n    startup { become-primary-on both; }\n    on drbd1 {\n        meta-disk internal;\n        device \/dev\/drbd0;\n        disk \/dev\/vdb1;\n        address 10.10.10.192:7789;\n}\n    on drbd2 {\n        meta-disk internal;\n        device \/dev\/drbd0;\n        disk \/dev\/vdb1;\n        address 10.10.10.193:7789;\n}\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<i>meta-disk internal<\/i> \u2014 koristiti iste blok ure\u0111aje za pohranu metapodataka<br \/>\n<i>device \/dev\/drbd0<\/i> \u2014 koristiti \/dev\/drbd0 kao put do drbd-a.<br \/>\n<i>disk \/dev\/vdb1<\/i> \u2014 koristiti \/dev\/vdb1 <br \/>\n<i>syncer { rate 1000M; }<\/i> \u2014 koristiti gigabit propusnost veze<br \/>\n<i>allow-two-primaries<\/i> \u2014 va\u017ena opcija koja dopu\u0161ta prihva\u0107anje izmjena na dva primarna poslu\u017eitelja<br \/>\n<i>after-sb-0pri, after-sb-1pri, after-sb-2pri<\/i> \u2014 opcije koje odre\u0111uju rad \u010dvora pri otkrivanju split-brain. Vi\u0161e informacija mo\u017eete prona\u0107i u dokumentaciji.<br \/>\n<i>become-primary-on both<\/i> \u2014 postavlja oba \u010dvora u primarni.<\/p>\n<p>U na\u0161em slu\u010daju imamo dvije potpuno identi\u010dne VM-ove, s dodijeljenom virtualnom mre\u017eom propusnosti od 10 gigabita.<\/p>\n<p>U na\u0161em primjeru mre\u017ena imena dva \u010dvora klastera su drbd1 i drbd2. Za pravilno funkcioniranje potrebno je uskladiti u \/etc\/hosts imena i IP adrese \u010dvorova.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">10.10.10.192 drbd1\n10.10.10.193 drbd2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b>Korak 2. Konfiguriramo \u010dvorove:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Na oba poslu\u017eitelja izvr\u0161avamo:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm create-md drbd0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klasterastor za male web klastere temeljen na drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/38b0a4a4fc60ac617abfad6e8f755ae7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">modprobe drbd\ndrbdadm up drbd0\ncat \/proc\/drbd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDobivamo sljede\u0107e:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klasterastor za male web klastere temeljen na drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/91c48ed32cd1471e4076934d041966d8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMo\u017eete pokrenuti sinkronizaciju. Na prvom \u010dvoru potrebno je izvr\u0161iti:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm primary --force drbd0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nProvjeravamo status:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">cat \/proc\/drbd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klasterastor za male web klastere temeljen na drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/b94b54b1050595bec774adf6c5190968.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nOdli\u010dno, zapo\u010dela je sinkronizacija. \u010cekamo zavr\u0161etak i vidimo sliku:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klasterastor za male web klastere temeljen na drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/7f9e2d3664d3a578c74e72b8bc4c1a7f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Korak 3. Pokre\u0107emo sinkronizaciju na drugom \u010dvoru:<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm primary --force drbd0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDobivamo sljede\u0107e:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klasterastor za male web klastere temeljen na drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/ad3d616ca84fa26a18574f433bb7d9fe.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSada mo\u017eemo pisati u drbd s dva poslu\u017eitelja.<\/p>\n<p><b>Korak 4. Instalacija i postavljanje ocfs2.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Koristit \u0107emo prili\u010dno trivijalnu konfiguraciju:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">cluster:\n     node_count = 2\n     name = ocfs2cluster\n\nnode:\n     number = 1\n     cluster = ocfs2cluster\n     ip_port = 7777\n     ip_address = 10.10.10.192\n     name = drbd1\n\nnode:\n     number = 2\n     cluster = ocfs2cluster\n     ip_port = 7777\n     ip_address = 10.10.10.193\n     name = drbd2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTo treba zapisati u <i>\/etc\/ocfs2\/cluster.conf<\/i> na oba \u010dvora.<\/p>\n<p>Stvaramo FS na drbd0 na bilo kojem \u010dvoru:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mkfs.ocfs2 -L \"testVol\" \/dev\/drbd0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nOvde smo stvorili FS s oznakom testVol na drbd0, koriste\u0107i zadane postavke.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klasterastor za male web klastere temeljen na drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/d147b91ca6f39d846023d8b5c35a240e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nU \/etc\/default\/o2cb potrebno je postaviti (kao u na\u0161oj konfiguracijskoj datoteci)<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">O2CB_ENABLED=true \nO2CB_BOOTCLUSTER=ocfs2cluster <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\ni izvr\u0161iti na svakom \u010dvoru:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">o2cb register-cluster ocfs2cluster<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNakon toga uklju\u010dujemo i dodajemo u automatsko pokretanje sve potrebne jedinice:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">systemctl enable drbd o2cb ocfs2\nsystemctl start drbd o2cb ocfs2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDio toga \u0107e ve\u0107 biti pokrenut tijekom postavljanja.<\/p>\n<p><b>Korak 5. Dodajemo to\u010dke montiranja u fstab na oba \u010dvora:<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/dev\/drbd0 \/media\/shared ocfs2 defaults,noauto,heartbeat=local 0 0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDirektorij <i>\/media\/shared<\/i> pritom treba biti unaprijed stvorena.<\/p>\n<p>Ovdje koristimo opcije noauto, \u0161to zna\u010di da se FS ne\u0107e montirati pri pokretanju (preferiram montirati mre\u017ene fs putem systemd) i heartbeat=local, \u0161to ozna\u010dava kori\u0161tenje usluge heartbeat na svakom \u010dvoru. Postoji i global heartbeat, koja bolje odgovara ve\u0107im klasterima.<\/p>\n<p>Nakon toga se mo\u017ee montirati <i>\/media\/shared<\/i> i provjeriti sinkronizaciju sadr\u017eaja.<\/p>\n<p><b>Gotovo!<\/b> Kao rezultat dobijamo vi\u0161e-manje otpornu pohranu s mogu\u0107no\u0161\u0107u skaliranja i zadovoljavaju\u0107om u\u010dinkovito\u0161\u0107u.<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/445612\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c: \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 drbd+ocfs2. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e: \u0422\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":22614,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - 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