{"id":30858,"date":"2019-10-31T21:37:49","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:37:49","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:49","slug":"pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","title":{"rendered":"Prvi ra\u010dunalni genom mo\u017ee dovesti do stvaranja sinteti\u010dkih oblika \u017eivota","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Sve DNK sekvence istra\u017eenih \u017eivotnih oblika pohranjene su u bazi podataka koja pripada Nacionalnom centru za biotehnolo\u0161ke informacije u SAD-u. A 1. travnja nova je stavka dodana u bazu podataka: «Caulobacter ethensis-2.0». To je prvi u svijetu potpuno simulirani na ra\u010dunalu i zatim sintetizirani sintetski gen koji je razvijen od strane znanstvenika ETH Z\u00fcricha (\u0160vicarskog federalnog instituta za tehnologiju u Z\u00fcrichu). Me\u0111utim, treba naglasiti da, iako je gen C. ethensis-2.0 uspje\u0161no dobiven u obliku velike DNK molekule, odgovaraju\u0107i \u017eivi organizam jo\u0161 uvijek ne postoji.<\/p>\n

\"Prvi<\/p>\n

Istra\u017eiva\u010dki rad proveli su Bit Kristen, profesor eksperimentalne sustavne biologije, i njegov brat Mattias Kristen — kemi\u010dar. Novi genom, nazvan Caulobacter ethensis-2.0, stvoren je \u010di\u0161\u0107enjem i optimizacijom prirodnog koda bakterije Caulobacter crescentus  — bezopasne bakterije koja \u017eivi u slatkoj vodi diljem svijeta.  <\/p>\n

\"Prvi
\n<\/center><\/p>\n

Prije vi\u0161e od deset godina, tim pod vodstvom geneti\u010dara Craiga Ventera stvorio je prvu «sinteti\u010dku» bakteriju. Tijekom svog istra\u017eivanja, znanstvenici su sintetizirali kopiju genoma Mycoplasma mycoides, koja je potom implantirana u nosa\u010da stanica, a koja se nakon toga pokazala potpuno vitalnom i zadr\u017eala sposobnost samoreprodukcije.<\/p>\n

Nova studija nastavlja rad Craiga. Ako su ranije znanstvenici stvorili digitalni model DNA stvarnog organizma i na njegovoj osnovi sintetizirali molekulu, novi projekt ide dalje, koriste\u0107i izvorni kod DNA. Znanstvenici su ga zna\u010dajno preradili prije nego \u0161to su sintetizirali i testirali funkcionalnost.<\/p>\n

Istra\u017eiva\u010di su po\u010deli s izvornih genomom C. crescentus, koji sadr\u017ei 4000 gena. Kao i kod svih \u017eivih organizama, ve\u0107ina tih gena ne nosi nikakve informacije i predstavlja «sme\u0161nu DNK». Nakon provedene analize, znanstvenici su zaklju\u010dili da je samo oko 680 od njih potrebno za odr\u017eavanje \u017eivota bakterije u laboratoriju.<\/p>\n

Nakon uklanjanja «sme\u0161ne DNK» i dobivanja minimalnog genoma C. crescentus, tim je nastavio rad. Za DNK \u017eivih organizama karakteristi\u010dna je prisutnost ugra\u0111ene suvi\u0161nosti, pri \u010demu se sinteza istog proteina kodira razli\u010ditim genima na nekoliko mjesta u lancu. Istra\u017eiva\u010di su zamijenili vi\u0161e od 1\/6 od 800 000 slova DNK tijekom optimizacije uklanjanja dupliciranog koda.<\/p>\n

«Zahvaljuju\u0107i na\u0161em algoritmu, potpuno smo prepravili genom u novu sekvencu nukleotida koja vi\u0161e nije sli\u010dna izvornoj», ka\u017ee Bit Kristen, koautorka istra\u017eivanja. «Biolo\u0161ka funkcija na razini sinteze proteina je ostala nepromijenjena».<\/p>\n

Kako bi provjerili ho\u0107e li dobijena sekvenca pravilno funkcionirati u \u017eivim stanicama, istra\u017eiva\u010di su uzgajali soj bakterija koji je imao u svom DNK i prirodni genom Caulobacter i segmente umjetnog genoma. Znanstvenici su isklju\u010divali odre\u0111ene prirodne gene i provjeravali sposobnost njihovih umjetnih analoga da obavljaju istu biolo\u0161ku ulogu. Rezultat je bio prili\u010dno impresivan: oko 580 od 680 umjetnih gena se pokazalo funkcionalnima.<\/p>\n

«Zahvaljuju\u0107i ste\u010denim saznanjima, mo\u0107i \u0107emo pobolj\u0161ati na\u0161 algoritam i razviti novu verziju genoma 3.0», ka\u017ee Kristen. «Vjerujemo da \u0107emo u bli\u017eoj budu\u0107nosti stvoriti \u017eive bakterijske stanice s potpuno sinteti\u010dkim genomom».<\/p>\n

U prvoj fazi ovakva istra\u017eivanja pomo\u0107i \u0107e geneti\u010darima da provjere to\u010dnost svojih saznanja o DNK i ulozi pojedinih gena u njemu, jer \u0107e svaka pogre\u0161ka u sintezi sekvence rezultirati time da organizam s novim genomom umre ili bude nefunkcionalan. U budu\u0107nosti, ona \u0107e dovesti do stvaranja sinteti\u010dkih mikroorganizama koji \u0107e se kreirati za unaprijed odre\u0111ene zadatke. Umjetni virusi \u0107e se mo\u0107i boriti protiv svojih prirodnih srodnika, dok \u0107e posebne bakterije proizvoditi vitamine ili lijekove.<\/p>\n

Istra\u017eivanje je objavljeno u \u010dasopisu PNAS.<\/p>\n

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Izvor: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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