{"id":30915,"date":"2019-10-31T21:38:10","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:38:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sravnenie-sistem-kosmicheskoj-svyazi\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:38:10","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:38:10","slug":"sravnenie-sistem-kosmicheskoj-svyazi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sravnenie-sistem-kosmicheskoj-svyazi","title":{"rendered":"Usporedba sustava svemirske komunikacije","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Prijatelji, kao \u0161to znate, pripremamo se punom brzinom novi geek projekt<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 \"Server u oblacima 2.0\", ili \"Svemirski Data Centar\". U nekoliko re\u010denica: 12. travnja pokre\u0107emo samostalno izra\u0111eni server na stratosferi na visini od oko 30 km, prenosimo podatke na njega putem svemirske komunikacijske mre\u017ee, a sa servera \u0107emo slati podatke na Zemlju putem radio veze. <\/p>\n

I danas \u017eelimo predstaviti tri sustava svemirske komunikacije koje \u0107emo testirati u na\u0161em projektu \u2014 Iridium, GlobalStar i \"Gonets\". Za to \u0107emo postaviti prijemnu opremu pored na\u0161eg svemirskog servera.<\/p>\n

\"Usporedba<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kratka povijest<\/h1>\n

\nSve tri opisane sustave razvijane su i implementirane otprilike u isto vrijeme, tijekom 1990-ih. Ameri\u010dki Iridium je me\u0111u njima najstariji po konceptu (radovi su zapo\u010deli 1990.), a tako\u0111er i najmasovniji \u2014 izvorno je planirano lansirati 77 satelita, \u0161to odgovara atomskom broju iridija, ali trenutno u orbiti radi 66 satelita (+ 6 rezervnih). Komercijalna eksploatacija sustava zapo\u010dela je 1998. godine. Unutar godine dana tvrtka je propala, a 2000. njezinu imovinu otkupila je kompanija koja je djelovala u interesu ministarstva obrane SAD-a. Godine 2001. ponovno zapo\u010dinje komercijalna eksploatacija, a 2009. promijenio se vlasnik Iridija. Otada ova mre\u017ea satelitske komunikacije prili\u010dno dobro funkcionira.<\/p>\n

GlobalStar je tako\u0111er osnovan u SAD-u, iako u projektu sudjeluju korporacije iz Francuske, Engleske, Njema\u010dke i Ju\u017ene Koreje. Razvoj satelitske skupine zapo\u010deo je 1998., a 2000. godine GlobalStar je lansiran u komercijalnu eksploataciju. Tako\u0111er nije izostalo bankrotstvo, mre\u017ea je na po\u010detku 2000-ih promijenila vlasnika. Danas u orbiti radi 48 satelita GlobalStar (+ 4 rezervna). <\/p>\n

Ruski sustav \"Gonets\" je projekt izvorno dr\u017eavnog, a ne privatnog karaktera. Razvoj je zapo\u010det 1989. godine, a lansiranje prvih satelita je po\u010delo 1996. godine. Izvorno je bilo planirano da \u0107e skupina sastojati od 24 satelita, ali trenutno je u eksploataciji samo 12. U narednim godinama planira se lansiranje jo\u0161 nekoliko desetaka satelita, uklju\u010duju\u0107i one koji \u0107e zamijeniti zastarjele.<\/p>\n

Karakteristike i mogu\u0107nosti<\/h1>\n

<\/p>\n

Iridium<\/h3>\n

\nNajve\u0107e pokrivanje s najvi\u0161im brzinama prijenosa podataka posti\u017ee Iridium. Njeni sateliti kru\u017ee oko Zemlje na visini od 780 km po orbitama s nagibom od 86,5\u00b0, pokrivaju\u0107i komunikacijom cijelu povr\u0161inu planete, od uha do uha, od pola do pola. <\/p>\n

\r\n \"Pogledajte\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nTrenutno, brzina prijenosa podataka idealno dosti\u017ee kod Iridija 352 Kbps, a do kraja godine planiraju pove\u0107ati na 704\/352 Kbps (prijem i prijenos). Ipak, stvarne vrijednosti su, naravno, ni\u017ee. Tijekom razgovora, kvaliteta zvuka nije ba\u0161 dobra, dolazi do distorzije. <\/p>\n

\"Usporedba
\n
\nU Iridiju je podr\u017eana direktna veza izme\u0111u satelita, pa sustav formalno mo\u017ee funkcionirati bez brojnih pristupnih stanica u razli\u010ditim zemljama za prijenos podataka na internet i kopnenu telefoniju, za razliku od GlobalStara, a sav promet se preko satelitske mre\u017ee prenosi na glavnu pristupnu stanicu smje\u0161tenu u SAD-u. Ipak, vjerojatno zbog pouzdanosti veze, pristupne stanice se ipak grade, ali ne u velikim brojevima.<\/p>\n

Telefoni za Iridium su jedni od najskupljih na tr\u017ei\u0161tu, iako dolaze s bogatom opremom i mogu\u0107nostima. Dostupni su i mobilni modemi, kao i mobilne jedinice za tekstualnu komunikaciju (mnogo jeftinije od glasovne veze). Za prijenos podataka preko Iridija, osim samog telefona, potrebno je imati ra\u010dunalo na koje se instalira specijalizirani softver Iridium Data Kit. Tro\u0161kovi usluga ove satelitske mre\u017ee su vi\u0161i nego kod konkurenata. Na primjer, godi\u0161nji vau\u010der za 250 minuta unutar Rusije ko\u0161ta 28.700 rubalja, dvomjese\u010dni vau\u010der za 150 minuta \u0161irom svijeta ko\u0161ta 17.400 rubalja. U tarifama s naknadnim pla\u0107anjem, jedna minuta razgovora ko\u0161ta od 58 rubalja, SMS 22 rubalja, a + mjese\u010dna naknada od 12.000 rubalja (manje od pola godine) i od 3.100 rubalja (vi\u0161e od pola godine). Osim toga, kompanija trenutno ne sklapa roaming ugovore s drugima, tako da GSM SIM kartice u ure\u0111ajima Iridium ne\u0107e biti mogu\u0107e koristiti, samo 'doma\u0107e'.<\/p>\n

GlobalStar<\/h3>\n

\nKod GlobalStara, sateliti lete na visini od 1400 km i imaju nagib orbit\u00e2 od 52\u00b0. Sateliti ne razmjenjuju podatke jedni s drugima, stoga sustav uklju\u010duje i mre\u017eu pristupnih stanica koje su poveznica izme\u0111u satelita-retransmitera, interneta i kopnene telefonske mre\u017ee.<\/p>\n

Sateliti Iridium su ozna\u010deni crvenom bojom, a sateliti GlobalStar plavom:<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Pogledajte\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nPok covered by GlobalStar is modest \u2014 up to 70\u00b0 north and south latitude, meaning polar regions are not covered by this network. However, reviews indicate that coverage can be unstable at other latitudes as well. Nevertheless, if the satellite is in direct view, you won't have communication problems. Data transmission speed with GlobalStar is lower than that of Iridium, yet the sound quality during voice calls is comparable to speaking on a mobile phone.<\/p>\n

\"Usporedba
\n
\nFormally, the network supports CDMA and GSM standards, but in practice, not all gateway stations work with GSM, although this is not relevant for our country. In most countries, you can insert SIM cards from 'regular' mobile operators into phones compatible with GlobalStar. Devices for GlobalStar are significantly cheaper than those for Iridium. Various phones are available for sale with different levels of sophistication, gadgets for text communication with a mechanical keyboard, hotspots, trackers for installation on transport or personal use, and much more. There are no subscription fees, and communication services cost less than with Iridium: for example, a package for calls within Russia for six months and 250 minutes costs 9,800 rubles, in postpaid tariffs, a minute starts at 44 rubles, SMS costs 4 rubles, and internet access starts at 13 rubles.<\/p>\n

Gonets<\/h3>\n

\nSatellites of this system orbit the planet at an altitude of 1500 km on orbits inclined at 82.5\u00b0. As a result, the surface coverage of Earth is complete, but not simultaneously.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Pogledajte\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nThree gateway stations have been built in Russia (and one more is planned), which link the satellite constellation to the internet.<\/p>\n

\"Usporedba
\n
\nInterestingly, Gonets does not compete with other systems in the field of voice communications. Instead, this Russian project specializes in sending text messages. To do this, you need to acquire a subscriber device and an antenna, and connect a smartphone, laptop, or desktop computer to them. In short, it\u2019s an introvert's dream \u2014 all communication only in chat and no unexpected calls.<\/p>\n

\"Usporedba
\n
\nGonets also offers M2M communication services for automatic monitoring of the condition and retrieval of telemetry from various objects, both stationary and mobile.<\/p>\n

\"Usporedba
\n
\nAnd additional services such as retransmitting transportation geocoordinates and sending notifications. <\/p>\n

Usluge telekomunikacija u mre\u017ei pla\u0107aju se na temelju mjese\u010dne pretplate \u2013 u su\u0161tini, to su unaprijed pla\u0107eni mjese\u010dni paketi megabajta prometa. Na primjer, uz nulu pretplatne naknade uzimaju se 26 kn za svaki megabajt prenesenih podataka, a postoji \u010ditav niz paketa od 470 kn (30 MB) do 8 650 kn (2 000 MB). Plus po 10 kn za svaku odlaznu poruku na mobilne mre\u017ee u RH. Svaki megabajt preko limita napla\u0107uje se posebno, od 11 do 26 kn. <\/p>\n

\u0160to da izaberemo?<\/h1>\n

\nNa\u0161e \u017eelje su sljede\u0107e: opremiti \u201eoblak\u201c server trackerom za pra\u0107enje lokacije i modulom za razmjenu podataka putem satelita. Teorijski, ove funkcije mogu ponuditi sve tri mre\u017ee. Ve\u0107 smo nabavili modeme Iridium i GlobalStar, a ure\u0111aj od \u201eGonca\u201c sti\u017ee do nas. Obavezno \u0107emo detaljnije pri\u010dati o na\u0161em komunikacijskom sustavu u jednoj od budu\u0107ih objava.<\/p>\n

\"Usporedba<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

A dok \u010dekamo, pozivamo vas da sudjelujete<\/a><\/noindex> u na\u0161em eksperimentu, pogoditi mjesto slijetanja sonde i osvojiti glavnu nagradu \u2013 putovanje na Baikonur.<\/p>\n

Ne isklju\u010dujte se!<\/p>\n

\"Usporedba<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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