{"id":31305,"date":"2019-10-31T21:40:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:40:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/realizatsiya-ssd-keshirovaniya-v-shd-qsan-xcubesan\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:40:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:40:34","slug":"realizatsiya-ssd-keshirovaniya-v-shd-qsan-xcubesan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/realizatsiya-ssd-keshirovaniya-v-shd-qsan-xcubesan","title":{"rendered":"Implementacija SSD caching u sustavu pohrane QSAN XCubeSAN","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tehnologije pove\u0107anja performansi temeljene na kori\u0161tenju SSD-a, koje se \u0161iroko primjenjuju u SAN-ovima, odavno su izumljene. Prije svega, to je kori\u0161tenje SSD-a kao prostora za pohranu, \u0161to je 100% u\u010dinkovito, ali skupo. Stoga se primjenjuju tehnologije tieringa i ke\u0161iranja, gdje se SSD koristi samo za najtra\u017eenije ('vru\u0107e') podatke. Tiering je dobar za scenarije dugotrajne (dani-tjedni) upotrebe 'vru\u0107ih' podataka, dok je ke\u0161iranje suprotno, za kratkotrajnu (minute-sati) upotrebu. Oba ova rje\u0161enja su implementirana u SAN-ovima. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/goods\/sistemyi-xraneniya-dannyix\/\">QSAN XCubeSAN<\/a><\/noindex>. U ovom \u010dlanku \u0107emo razmotriti implementaciju drugog algoritma - <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/soft\/san-os-4.0\/ssd-keshirovanie-(qcache-2.0).html\">SSD ke\u0161iranja<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementacija SSD caching u sustavu pohrane QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/e2e97119a949509f4a3fe8e17a4238ac.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Su\u0161tina tehnologije SSD ke\u0161iranja je upotreba SSD-a kao me\u0111uspremnika izme\u0111u tvrdih diskova i radne memorije kontrolera. Performanse SSD-a su, naravno, ni\u017ee od performansi samog ke\u0161a kontrolera, ali je njegova kapacitet znatno ve\u0107i. Stoga dobijamo odre\u0111eni kompromis izme\u0111u brzine i kapaciteta.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>Pokazanja za kori\u0161tenje SSD ke\u0161a za \u010ditanje:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prevladavanje operacija \u010ditanja nad operacijama pisanja (naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e karakteristi\u010dno za baze podataka i web aplikacije);<\/li>\n<li>Postojanje uskog grla u performansama niza tvrdih diskova;<\/li>\n<li>Obim tra\u017eenih podataka manji od obima SSD ke\u0161a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pokazanja za kori\u0161tenje SSD ke\u0161a za \u010ditanje i pisanje su isti razlozi, osim prirode operacija - mje\u0161oviti tip (na primjer, datote\u010dni poslu\u017eitelj).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ve\u0107ina proizvo\u0111a\u010da SAN-ova koristi SSD ke\u0161 u svojim proizvodima samo za operacije \u010ditanja. Su\u0161tinska razlika <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/\">QSAN <\/a><\/noindex>od njih je mogu\u0107nost kori\u0161tenja ke\u0161a i za pisanje. Za aktivaciju funkcionalnosti SSD ke\u0161iranja u SAN-u QSAN potrebna je kupovina posebne licence (isporu\u010duje se u elektronskom obliku).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>SSD cache in XCubeSAN is physically implemented as separate SSD cache pools. The system can have up to four of them. Each pool, of course, uses its own set of SSDs. In the properties of the virtual disk, we define whether it will use the cache pool and which one specifically. Enabling and disabling cache usage for volumes can be done online without stopping I\/O. SSDs can also be added to and removed from the pool on the fly. When creating an SSD cache pool, it is necessary to choose its operating mode: read-only or read+write. This affects its physical organization. Since there can be multiple cache pools, their functionality can vary (meaning that the system can simultaneously have cache pools for reading and for reading+writing).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>If the cache pool is used only for reading, it can consist of 1-8 SSDs. The disks do not necessarily have to be of the same capacity or vendor, as they are combined into an NRAID+ structure. All SSDs in the pool are used jointly. The system independently tries to parallelize incoming requests among all SSDs to achieve maximum performance. If one of the SSDs fails, nothing catastrophic will happen: the cache only contains a copy of the data stored on the array of hard disks. The available SSD cache capacity will simply decrease (or become zero if the original SSD cache was from a single drive).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementacija SSD caching u sustavu pohrane QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1e592445ff41335c844e0a47b2e664c3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>If the cache is used for read + write operations, the number of SSDs in the pool must be even, as the content is mirrored across pairs of drives (using an NRAID 1+ structure). Caching needs duplication because it may hold data that has yet to be written to the hard disks. In this case, if an SSD in the cache pool fails, it would lead to data loss. However, in the case of NRAID 1+, SSD failure will simply cause the cache to switch to \"read-only\" mode, with unrecorded data being flushed to the array of hard disks. After replacing the faulty SSD, the cache will return to its original operating mode. For greater security, a dedicated hot spare can be assigned to caches operating in read + write.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementacija SSD caching u sustavu pohrane QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/61c6ba4b29ab31c3ded112b12f8103ce.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Kada se koristi SSD caching funkcija u XCubeSAN-u, postoji niz zahtjeva za kapacitetom memorije kontrolera SAN-a: \u0161to je ve\u0107a sistemska memorija, ve\u0107i \u0107e biti i volumen cache-poola.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementacija SSD caching u sustavu pohrane QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/40da0dba6094c55adaa54b8d9cbc1bcd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Za razliku od ve\u0107ine proizvo\u0111a\u010da SAN-a, koji nude samo opciju uklju\u010divanja\/isklju\u010divanja SSD cache-a, QSAN pru\u017ea \u0161ire mogu\u0107nosti. Konkretno, mo\u017ee se odabrati na\u010din rada cache-a ovisno o vrsti optere\u0107enja. Postoje tri unaprijed postavljena predlo\u0161ka, koji su najbli\u017ei radu s odgovaraju\u0107im uslugama: baza podataka, datote\u010dni sustav, web usluga. Osim toga, administrator mo\u017ee stvoriti vlastiti profil, postavljaju\u0107i \u017eeljene vrijednosti parametara: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Veli\u010dina bloka (Cache Block Size) \u2013 1\/2\/4 MB<\/li>\n<li>Broj zahtjeva za \u010ditanje bloka da bi bio kopiran u cache (Populate-on-Read Threshold) \u2013 1..4<\/li>\n<li>Broj zahtjeva za zapis bloka da bi bio kopiran u cache (Populate-on-Write Threshold) \u2013 0..4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementacija SSD caching u sustavu pohrane QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/b584e87c4b067ac06a4b78063007f31f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Profili se mogu mijenjati 'u hodu', ali naravno uz poni\u0161tavanje sadr\u017eaja cache-a i njegovo novo 'zagrijavanje'.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Razmatraju\u0107i princip rada SSD cache-a, mogu se istaknuti osnovne operacije prilikom rada s njim:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#1\">\u010citanje podataka kada nedostaju u cache-u;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#2\">\u010citanje podataka kada su prisutni u cache-u;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#3\">Zapis podataka prilikom kori\u0161tenja cache-a za \u010ditanje;<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#4\">Zapis podataka prilikom kori\u0161tenja cache-a za \u010ditanje + pisanje.<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"1\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementacija SSD caching u sustavu pohrane QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/c9f70934f1d9bed5ad60c716bcd3ed30.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>\u010citanje podataka kada nedostaju u cache-u<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Zahtjev s hosta dolazi u kontroler;<\/li>\n<li>Budu\u0107i da tra\u017eeni podaci nisu u SSD cache-u, \u010ditaju se s tvrdih diskova;<\/li>\n<li>Pro\u010ditani podaci se \u0161alju hostu. Istovremeno se provjerava jesu li ti blokovi 'vru\u0107i';<\/li>\n<li>Ako jesu, kopiraju se u SSD cache za daljnju upotrebu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"2\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementacija SSD caching u sustavu pohrane QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/9eac4b4cf003fb310101b3981dfed177.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>\u010citanje podataka kada su prisutni u cache-u<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Zahtjev s hosta dolazi u kontroler;<\/li>\n<li>Budu\u0107i da su tra\u017eeni podaci prisutni u SSD cache-u, \u010ditaju se odatle;<\/li>\n<li>Pro\u010ditani podaci se \u0161alju hostu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"3\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementacija SSD caching u sustavu pohrane QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/ae1f52f5882f19916f0b49b0619dae41.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Zapis podataka prilikom kori\u0161tenja cache-a za \u010ditanje <\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Zahtjev za zapis s hosta dolazi u kontroler;<\/li>\n<li>Podaci se zapisuju na tvrde diskove;<\/li>\n<li>Hostu se vra\u0107a odgovor o uspje\u0161nom zapisu;<\/li>\n<li>Istovremeno se provjerava je li blok 'vru\u0107' (uspore\u0111uje se parametar Populate-on-Write Threshold). Ako jest, kopira se u SSD cache za daljnju upotrebu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"4\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementacija SSD caching u sustavu pohrane QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/b69debdc836e3c1d93f64aa8724dd322.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Zapis podataka prilikom kori\u0161tenja cache-a za \u010ditanje + pisanje<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Zahtjev za zapis s hosta dolazi u kontroler;<\/li>\n<li>Podaci se zapisuju u SSD cache;<\/li>\n<li>Hostu se vra\u0107a odgovor o uspje\u0161nom zapisu;<\/li>\n<li>Podaci iz SSD predmemorije se u pozadini zapisuju na tvrde diskove;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Provjera u akciji <\/h2>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Testni sto<\/b><\/p>\n<p>2 servera (CPU: 2 x Xeon E5-2620v3 2.4Hz \/ RAM: 32GB) povezana su preko dva porta putem Fibre Channel 16G izravno na SAN XCubeSAN XS5224D (16GB RAM\/kontroler).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Koristilo se 16 x Seagate Constellation ES, ST500NM0001, 500GB, SAS 6Gb\/s, spojene u RAID5 (15+1), za niz s podacima i 8 x HGST Ultrastar SSD800MH.B, HUSMH8010BSS200, 100GB, SAS 12Gb\/s kao predmemorija<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Stvorena su 2 volumena: po jedan za svaki server. <\/p>\n<h3>Test 1. SSD predmemorija samo za \u010ditanje s 1-8 SSD<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>SSD Cache<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I\/O Tip: Prilagodba<\/li>\n<li>Veli\u010dina bloka predmemorije: 4MB<\/li>\n<li><b>Prag za u\u010ditavanje po \u010ditanju: 1<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Prag za u\u010ditavanje po pisanju: 0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I\/O Obrazac<\/b> <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alat: IOmeter V1.1.0<\/li>\n<li>Radnici: 1<\/li>\n<li>Neodgovaraju\u0107i (Dubina Reda): 128<\/li>\n<li><b>Specifikacije pristupa: 4KB, 100% \u010citanje, 100% Nasumi\u010dno<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementacija SSD caching u sustavu pohrane QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/6d9f4d3912d066662067fba52eb0e938.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementacija SSD caching u sustavu pohrane QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/665aa2f35d5d78bdb4a128eaea55faf2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>U teoriji, \u0161to vi\u0161e SSD-ova u bazenu predmemorije, to je vi\u0161a izvedba. U praksi se to tako\u0111er potvrdilo. Jedina zna\u010dajna pove\u0107anja broja SSD-ova pri malom broju volumena ne dovode do eksplozivnog u\u010dinka. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Test 2. SSD predmemorija u re\u017eimu \u010ditanja + pisanja s 2-8 SSD<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>SSD Cache<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> I\/O Tip: Prilagodba<\/li>\n<li>Veli\u010dina bloka predmemorije: 4MB<\/li>\n<li>Prag za u\u010ditavanje po \u010ditanju: 1<\/li>\n<li><b>Prag za u\u010ditavanje po pisanju: 1 <\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I\/O Obrazac<\/b> <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alat: IOmeter V1.1.0<\/li>\n<li>Radnici: 1<\/li>\n<li>Neodgovaraju\u0107i (Dubina Reda): 128<\/li>\n<li><b>Specifikacije pristupa: 4KB, 100% Pisanje, 100% Nasumi\u010dno <\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementacija SSD caching u sustavu pohrane QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/6177fe7ef2c74045d760ba94598acb34.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementacija SSD caching u sustavu pohrane QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/2e1f749b827d43dd3fa8dcd33243bd9e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Isti rezultat: eksplozivni rast izvedbe i skaliranje s pove\u0107anjem broja SSD-ova.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>U oba testa volumen radnih podataka bio je manji od ukupnog volumena predmemorije. Stoga su s vremenom svi blokovi kopirani u predmemoriju. I rad se ve\u0107, u su\u0161tini, odvijao s SSD-ovima, gotovo ne doti\u010du\u0107i tvrde diskove. Cilj ovih testova bio je o\u010dito prikazati u\u010dinkovitost zagrijavanja predmemorije i skaliranja njezine izvedbe u ovisnosti o broju SSD-ova.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Sada se vra\u0107amo s neba na zemlju i provjeravamo realniju situaciju kada je volumen podataka ve\u0107i od veli\u010dine predmemorije. Kako bi test pro\u0161ao u razumnom vremenu (vrijeme \"zagrijavanja\" predmemorije znatno se pove\u0107ava s pove\u0107anjem veli\u010dine volumena), ograni\u010dimo se na veli\u010dinu volumena od 120GB. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Test 3. Emulacija rada baze podataka <\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b>SSD Cache<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <b>I\/O Tip: Baza podataka<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Veli\u010dina bloka predmemorije: 1MB<\/li>\n<li>Prag za u\u010ditavanje po \u010ditanju: 2<\/li>\n<li>Prag za u\u010ditavanje po pisanju: 1 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I\/O Obrazac<\/b> <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alat: IOmeter V1.1.0<\/li>\n<li>Radnici: 1<\/li>\n<li>Neodgovaraju\u0107i (Dubina Reda): 128<\/li>\n<li><b>Specifikacije pristupa: 8KB, 67% \u010citanje, 100% Nasumi\u010dno<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implementacija SSD caching u sustavu pohrane QSAN XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/949b9fc604cf3a932ebf308d19fc9ff1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Presuda <\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Kao o\u010diti zaklju\u010dak, svakako se name\u0107e dobra u\u010dinkovitost kori\u0161tenja SSD predmemorije za pobolj\u0161anje izvedbe bilo kojeg SAN-a. Primjenjivo na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/goods\/sistemyi-xraneniya-dannyix\/\">QSAN XCubeSAN<\/a><\/noindex> Ova tvrdnja se u potpunosti odnosi na to: funkcija SSD ke\u0161iranja je izvr\u0161na izvanredno. To se odnosi na podr\u0161ku re\u017eimima \u010ditanja i \u010ditanja + pisanja, fleksibilnoj konfiguraciji rada za sve scenarije kori\u0161tenja, kao i kona\u010dnoj ukupnoj performansi sustava. Stoga, za veoma razumne tro\u0161kove (cijena licence je usporediva s cijenom 1-2 SSD-a) mogu\u0107e je zna\u010dajno pobolj\u0161ati ukupnu performansu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skilline\/blog\/432366\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 SSD \u0438 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0421\u0425\u0414, \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044b. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 SSD \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 100% \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0433\u0434\u0435 SSD \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f 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