{"id":31311,"date":"2019-10-31T21:40:37","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:40:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/osobennosti-raboty-auto-tiering-v-shd-qsan-xcubesan\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:40:37","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:40:37","slug":"osobennosti-raboty-auto-tiering-v-shd-qsan-xcubesan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/osobennosti-raboty-auto-tiering-v-shd-qsan-xcubesan","title":{"rendered":"Zna\u010dajke rada Auto Tieringa u SSKD Qsan XCubeSAN","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nastavljaju\u0107i razmatrati tehnologije ubrzanja operacija ulaz\/izlaz u primjeni na pohranama podataka, zapo\u010dete u <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skilline\/blog\/432366\/\">pro\u0161lom \u010dlanku<\/a><\/noindex>, ne mo\u017eemo ne stati na ovoj vrlo popularnoj opciji, kao \u0161to je tiranje (Auto Tiering). Iako je ideologija rada ove funkcionalnosti sli\u010dna kod razli\u010ditih proizvo\u0111a\u010da sustava pohrane, razmotrit \u0107emo pojedinosti implementacije tiranja na primjeru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/\">sustava pohrane Qsan<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zna\u010dajke rada Auto Tieringa u SSKD Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/7cca3662cd6a469c75e1a9809dfab98b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Unato\u010d raznolikosti podataka pohranjenih na sustavima pohrane, ti podaci mogu se podijeliti u nekoliko grupa, s obzirom na njihovu popularnost (u\u010destalost kori\u0161tenja). Za najpopularnije (\u201evru\u0107e\u201c) podatke iznimno je va\u017eno omogu\u0107iti maksimalno brzi pristup, dok se obrada manje tra\u017eenih (\u201ehladnih\u201c) podataka mo\u017ee izvr\u0161avati s ni\u017eim prioritetom. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Za organizaciju ovakve sheme koristi se funkcionalnost tiranja. Skup podataka u ovom slu\u010daju ne sastoji se od jedinstvenih diskova, ve\u0107 iz nekoliko grupa ure\u0111aja, koje \u010dine razli\u010dite razine (tier) pohrane. Uz pomo\u0107 posebnog algoritma, podaci se automatski premje\u0161taju izme\u0111u razina kako bi se osigurala maksimalna ukupna u\u010dinkovitost.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zna\u010dajke rada Auto Tieringa u SSKD Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/5e8371056b0d1f053d646c8c2ae87460.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Pohrana podataka <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/\">Qsan<\/a><\/noindex> podr\u017eavaju do tri razine pohrane:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tier 1: SSD, maksimalna u\u010dinkovitost<\/li>\n<li>Tier 2: HDD SAS 10K\/15K, visoka u\u010dinkovitost<\/li>\n<li>Tier 3: HDD NL-SAS 7.2K, maksimalni kapacitet<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Auto Tiering skup mo\u017ee sadr\u017eavati sve tri razine ili samo dvije u bilo kojoj kombinaciji. Unutar svakog Tiera, ure\u0111aji se grupiraju u uobi\u010dajene RAID grupe. Za maksimalnu fleksibilnost, razina RAID u svakom Tieru mo\u017ee biti razli\u010dita. To zna\u010di, na primjer, da ni\u0161ta ne spre\u010dava organizaciju strukture kao 4x SSD RAID10 + 6x HDD 10K RAID5 + 12 HDD 7.2K RAID6<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nakon stvaranja volumena (virtualnih diskova) na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/soft\/san-os-4.0\/auto-tiering-(qtiering).html\">Auto Tiering <\/a><\/noindex>skupu, zapo\u010dinje pozadinsko prikupljanje statistike o svim operacijama ulaz\/izlaz. Kako bi to u\u010dinio, prostor se \u201ereza\u201c na blokove veli\u010dine 1GB (takozvani sub LUN). Pri svakom pristupu takvom bloku dodjeljuje mu se koeficijent 1. Potom, vremenskim tijekom, taj koeficijent opada. Nakon 24 sata, u odsutnosti zahtjeva za ulaz\/izlaz za taj blok, ve\u0107 \u0107e se iznositi 0.5 i nastavit \u0107e opadati svake sljede\u0107e sata.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>U odre\u0111eno vrijeme (zadano svakodnevno u pono\u0107) vr\u0161i se rangiranje prikupljenih rezultata po aktivnosti sub LUN na temelju njihovih koeficijenata. Na temelju toga donosi se odluka koje blokove premjestiti i u kojem smjeru. Nakon toga, zapravo, dolazi do relokacije podataka izme\u0111u razina. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zna\u010dajke rada Auto Tieringa u SSKD Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/f42e1bc4f9e790e0ddc7476c156d356f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>U Skladi\u0161tu podataka Qsan izvrsno je implementirano upravljanje procesom tiranja pomo\u0107u brojnih parametara, \u0161to omogu\u0107uje vrlo fleksibilno pode\u0161avanje kona\u010dne u\u010dinkovitosti niza.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Za odre\u0111ivanje po\u010detne lokacije podataka i prioritetnog smjera njihovog premje\u0161tanja koriste se politike koje se postavljaju odvojeno za svaki volumen:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Auto Tiering<\/b> \u2013 politika prema zadanim postavkama, izvorno mjesto i smjer premje\u0161tanja odre\u0111uje se automatski, tj. \"vru\u0107i\" podaci te\u017ee prema najgornjoj razini, dok \"hladni\" podaci silaze dolje. Izvorno mjesto odabire se na temelju dostupnog prostora na svakoj od razina. Me\u0111utim, treba razumjeti da sustav prvenstveno nastoji maksimalno iskoristiti najbr\u017ee spremnike. Stoga, ako postoji slobodan prostor, podaci \u0107e se smjestiti na gornje razine. Ova politika odgovara ve\u0107ini scenarija kada se ne mo\u017ee unaprijed predvidjeti potra\u017enja za podacima.<\/li>\n<li><b>Zapo\u010deti s visokom razinom, a zatim Auto Tiering<\/b> \u2013 razlika od prethodnog je samo u izvornoj lokaciji podataka (na najbr\u017eoj razini)<\/li>\n<li><b>Maksimalno visoka razina<\/b> \u2013 podaci uvijek te\u017ee zauzeti najbr\u017eu razinu. Ako se tijekom rada pomaknu dolje, pri prvoj mogu\u0107nosti oni se vra\u0107aju. Ova politika odgovara podacima kojima je potreban maksimalno brz pristup.<\/li>\n<li><b>Minimalna razina<\/b> \u2013 podaci uvijek te\u017ee zauzeti najni\u017eu razinu. Ova politika odli\u010dno odgovara rijetko kori\u0161tenim podacima (primjerice, arhivima).<\/li>\n<li><b>Bez premje\u0161tanja<\/b> \u2013 sustav automatski odre\u0111uje izvorno mjesto podataka i ne provodi njihovo premje\u0161tanje. Me\u0111utim, statistika se i dalje prikuplja za slu\u010daj da kasnije bude potrebna njihova relokacija.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Treba napomenuti da, iako se politike odre\u0111uju prilikom stvaranja svake volumena, mogu se vi\u0161e puta mijenjati \"u hodu\" tijekom \u017eivotnog ciklusa sustava.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Osim politika za mehanizam tieringa, tako\u0111er se pode\u0161ava frekvencija i tempo premje\u0161tanja podataka izme\u0111u razina. Mo\u017ee se odrediti konkretno vrijeme premje\u0161tanja: svakodnevno ili u odre\u0111ene dane u tjednu, kao i skratiti interval prikupljanja statistike na nekoliko sati (minimalna frekvencija \u2013 2 sata). Ako postoji potreba za ograni\u010davanje vremena izvr\u0161avanja operacije premje\u0161tanja podataka, mo\u017ee se postaviti vremenski okvir (prozor za premje\u0161tanje). Osim toga, tako\u0111er se navodi brzina relokacije \u2013 3 re\u017eima: brzi, srednji, spori.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zna\u010dajke rada Auto Tieringa u SSKD Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/3745e47ccf8b797e50005b767346dacf.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>U slu\u010daju potrebe za trenutnom relokacijom podataka, mogu\u0107e je izvr\u0161iti je ru\u010dno u bilo koje vrijeme na zahtjev administratora.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jasno je da \u0161to \u010de\u0161\u0107e i br\u017ee premje\u0161tanje podataka izme\u0111u razina, to \u0107e se fleksibilnije HDD prilagoditi trenutnim uvjetima eksploatacije. No, tako\u0111er treba imati na umu da je premje\u0161tanje dodatno optere\u0107enje (prije svega na diskove), stoga ne bi trebalo 'goniti' podatke bez nu\u017ede. Bolje je planirati premje\u0161tanje za trenutke minimalnih optere\u0107enja. Ako pak rad HDD-a stalno zahtijeva visoku izvedbu u re\u017eimu 24\/7, tada bi trebalo smanjiti tempo relokacije na minimum.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Obilje postavki tieringa zasigurno \u0107e obradovati napredne korisnike. Me\u0111utim, ni za one koji se prvi put susre\u0107u s takvom tehnologijom, nema ni\u0161ta stra\u0161no. Sasvim je prihvatljivo povjeriti se postavkama po defaultu (politika Auto Tiering, premje\u0161tanje maksimalnom brzinom jednom dnevno no\u0107u) i s vremenom ispraviti odre\u0111ene parametre na temelju prikupljene statistike za postizanje \u017eeljenog rezultata.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Upore\u0111uju\u0107i tiering s tom ne manje popularnom tehnologijom pove\u0107anja performansi, kao \u0161to je <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/soft\/san-os-4.0\/ssd-keshirovanie-(qcache-2.0).html\">SSD ke\u0161iranje<\/a><\/noindex>, treba imati na umu razli\u010dite principe funkcioniranja njihovih algoritama. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>SSD ke\u0161iranje<br \/>\nAuto Tiering<\/p>\n<p><b>Brzina nastupanja efekta<\/b><br \/>\nGotovo odmah. No, uo\u010dljiv u\u010dinak tek nakon 'zagrijavanja' ke\u0161a (minute-sati)<br \/>\nNakon prikupljanja statistike (od 2 sata, idealno \u2013 jedan dan) plus vrijeme na premje\u0161tanje podataka<\/p>\n<p><b>Trajanje efekta<\/b><br \/>\nDok podaci ne budu izba\u010deni novom porcijom (minute-sati)<br \/>\nDok je potra\u017enja za podacima relevantna (dani i vi\u0161e)<\/p>\n<p><b>Indikacije za primjenu<\/b><br \/>\nTrenutno pove\u0107anje performansi na kratko vrijeme (baze podataka, virtualizacijska okru\u017eenja)<br \/>\nPove\u0107anje performansi tijekom duljeg razdoblja (datote\u010dni, web i mail serveri)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Jedna od zna\u010dajki tieringa je mogu\u0107nost kori\u0161tenja ne samo za scenarije kao \u0161to su \u201eSSD + HDD\u201c, ve\u0107 i \u201ebrzi HDD + spori HDD\u201c ili \u010dak sva tri nivoa, \u0161to je u slu\u010daju primjene SSD ke\u0161iranja u osnovi nemogu\u0107e.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Testiranje<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Za provjeru rada algoritama tieringa proveli smo jednostavno ispitivanje. Napravljen je skup od dva nivoa SSD-a (RAID 1) + HDD 7.2K (RAID 1), na kojem je smje\u0161ten volumen s politikom \u201eminimalnog nivoa\u201c. To jest, podaci uvijek moraju biti smje\u0161teni na sporijim diskovima.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zna\u010dajke rada Auto Tieringa u SSKD Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/4e841cb01d977962dd3783959cc5d7b9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zna\u010dajke rada Auto Tieringa u SSKD Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/f5fb97420eefbd2f94ea7836aada31ba.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Su\u010delje za upravljanje jasno prikazuje raspored podataka izme\u0111u nivoa<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nakon punjenja volumena podacima, promijenili smo politiku rasporeda na Auto Tiering i pokrenuli IOmeter test. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zna\u010dajke rada Auto Tieringa u SSKD Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/50eed4f936c5219fd0858f282160408d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Nakon nekoliko sati testiranja, kada je sustav uspio prikupiti statistiku, zapo\u010deo je proces relokacije.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zna\u010dajke rada Auto Tieringa u SSKD Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/51b471973db67e4bd50ea31052046b71.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Na kraju prebacivanja podataka, na\u0161 testni volumen potpuno je \u201epreselio\u201c na gornju razinu (SSD).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zna\u010dajke rada Auto Tieringa u SSKD Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/397f634061669cb32361d42e850bfff2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zna\u010dajke rada Auto Tieringa u SSKD Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/822862fc05d313742772a6e696dc77b9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Presuda<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Auto Tiering je izvanredna tehnologija koja omogu\u0107uje pove\u0107anje performansi sustava pohrane uz minimalne materijalne i vremenske tro\u0161kove kroz intenzivnije kori\u0161tenje br\u017eih ure\u0111aja. U kontekstu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/\">Qsan <\/a><\/noindex>jedina investicija je licenca koja se kupuje jednom zauvijek bez ograni\u010denja na broj diskova\/okvira. Ova funkcionalnost opremljena je tako bogatim postavkama da mo\u017ee zadovoljiti gotovo sve poslovne zahteve. Vizualizacija procesa u su\u010delju omogu\u0107uje u\u010dinkovito upravljanje ure\u0111ajem.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skilline\/blog\/447520\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u0421\u0425\u0414, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435, \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 (Auto Tiering). \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c 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