{"id":31519,"date":"2019-10-31T21:41:40","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:41:40","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:40","slug":"elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh","title":{"rendered":"Elektri\u010dna stimulacija mozga pomogla je starijim osobama da dostignu memorijske sposobnosti mladih.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Od lije\u010denja depresije do smanjenja posljedica Parkinsonove bolesti i bu\u0111enja pacijenata u vegetativnom stanju, stimulacija mozga elektri\u010dnom energijom ima ogroman potencijal. Jedno od novih istra\u017eivanja usmjerilo je svoje napore na zaustavljanje opadanja kognitivnih sposobnosti, pobolj\u0161avaju\u0107i memoriju i sposobnost u\u010denja. Istra\u017eiva\u010dki eksperiment znanstvenika sa Sveu\u010dili\u0161ta Boston pokazao je neinvazivnu tehniku koja mo\u017ee obnoviti radnu memoriju kod sedamdesetogodi\u0161njaka, do te mjere da se ne razlikuje od one kod dvadesetogodi\u0161njaka.<\/p>\n

U mnogim istra\u017eivanjima stimulacije mozga koriste se elektrode, implantirane u odre\u0111ene delove mozga, za dostavljanje elektri\u010dnih impulsa. Ovaj postupak se naziva \u201eduboka\u201c ili \u201edirektna\u201c stimulacija mozga i ima svoje prednosti zahvaljuju\u0107i ta\u010dnom pozicioniranju uticaja. Ipak, implantacija elektroda u mozak je prili\u010dno neprakti\u010dna, a tako\u0111e nosi odre\u0111ene rizike od upale ili infekcije ako se ne po\u0161tuju svi operativni standardi.<\/p>\n

Alternativa je neizravna stimulacija pomo\u0107u neinvazivne (neoperacijske) metode kroz elektrode smje\u0161tene na ko\u017ei glave, \u0161to omogu\u0107ava provo\u0111enje takvih manipulacija \u010dak i u ku\u0107nim uvjetima. Ovom metodom odlu\u010dio je koristiti Rob Reinhart, neurobiolog sa Sveu\u010dili\u0161ta Boston, u nastojanju da pobolj\u0161a memoriju starijih osoba, koja obi\u010dno slabi s godinama.<\/p>\n

\"Elektri\u010dna
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Ako budemo precizniji, njegovi eksperimenti bili su potpuno fokusirani na radnu memoriju, koja se aktivira, na primjer, kada se sjetimo \u0161to trebamo uzeti u du\u0107anu, ili poku\u0161avamo prona\u0107i klju\u010deve od auta. Prema Reinhartu, radna memorija mo\u017ee po\u010deti opadati ve\u0107 u dobi od 30 godina, jer razli\u010diti dijelovi mozga po\u010dinju gubiti svoju povezanost i postaju manje uskla\u0111eni. Kada do\u0111emo do 60 ili 70 godina, ta neuskla\u0111enost mo\u017ee dovesti do zna\u010dajnog smanjenja kognitivnih funkcija.<\/p>\n

Nau\u010dnik je otkrio na\u010din da obnovi o\u0161te\u0107ene neuronske veze. Metod se zasniva na dva elementa rada mozga. Prvi je \u201epovezivanje\u201c, kada se razli\u010diti delovi mozga aktiviraju u odre\u0111enoj sekvenci, poput uskla\u0111enog orkestra. Drugi je \u201esinhronizacija\u201c, kada se sporiji ritmovi, poznati kao theta ritmovi i povezani sa hipokampusom, pravilno sinhronizuju. Obe ove funkcije se pogor\u0161avaju s godinama i uti\u010du na pam\u0107enje.<\/p>\n

\"Elektri\u010dna<\/p>\n

Za svoj eksperiment Reinhart je uklju\u010dio grupu mladih ljudi u dobi od oko 20 godina, kao i grupu starijih ljudi u dobi od 60 do 70 godina. Svaka grupa je trebala izvr\u0161iti nizSpecifi\u010dnih zadataka koji su podrazumijevali pregled slike, pauzu, pregled druge slike, a zatim prepoznavanje razlika u njima iz memorije.<\/p>\n

Nije iznena\u0111uju\u0107e \u0161to je mla\u0111a eksperimentalna grupa imala znatno bolje rezultate od starije. No, Reinhart je zatim primijenio 25 minuta blage stimulacije kore mozga starijih ljudi s impulsima prilago\u0111enima \u017eiv\u010danim konturama svakog pacijenta u skladu s podru\u010djem kore odgovornim za radnu memoriju. Nakon toga su grupe nastavile s izvr\u0161avanjem zadataka, a razlika u to\u010dnosti izvr\u0161enja izme\u0111u njih nestala. U\u010dinak je trajao najmanje 50 minuta nakon stimulacije. \u0160tovi\u0161e, Reinhart je otkrio da mo\u017ee pobolj\u0161ati funkciju memorije \u010dak i kod mladih ljudi koji su se slabo snalazili u zadacima.<\/p>\n

\u201eOtkrili smo da su ispitanici u dobi od 20 godina, koji su se suo\u010dili s pote\u0161ko\u0107ama u izvr\u0161avanju zadataka, tako\u0111e mogli imati koristi od iste stimulacije\u201c, ka\u017ee Reinhardt. \u201eMogli smo pobolj\u0161ati njihovu radnu memoriju, \u010dak i kada nisu imali 60 ili 70 godina\u201c.<\/p>\n

Reinhart se nada nastaviti istra\u017eivanje kako stimulacija mozga mo\u017ee pobolj\u0161ati funkcioniranje ljudskog mozga, osobito za one koji pate od Alzheimerove bolesti.<\/p>\n

\u201eTo otvara nove mogu\u0107nosti za istra\u017eivanje i le\u010denje\u201c, ka\u017ee on. \u201eI veoma smo uzbu\u0111eni zbog toga\u201c.<\/p>\n

Istra\u017eivanje je objavljeno u \u010dasopisu Nature Neuroscience.<\/p>\n

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Izvor: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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