{"id":31672,"date":"2019-10-31T21:42:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:42:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/proekt-netbsd-razvivaet-novyj-gipervizor-nvmm\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:42:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:42:29","slug":"proekt-netbsd-razvivaet-novyj-gipervizor-nvmm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/proekt-netbsd-razvivaet-novyj-gipervizor-nvmm","title":{"rendered":"Projekt NetBSD razvija novi hipervizor NVMM","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Razvija\u010di projekta NetBSD objavili su<\/a><\/noindex> o stvaranju novog hipervizora i povezane virtuelizacijske arhitekture, koja je ve\u0107 uklju\u010dena u eksperimentalnu verziju NetBSD-current i bi\u0107e ponu\u0111ena u stabilnom izdanju NetBSD 9. NVMM za sada podr\u017eava samo arhitekturu x86_64 i pru\u017ea dva bBackend za kori\u0161\u0107enje hardverskih mehanizama virtuelizacije: x86-SVM sa podr\u0161kom za pro\u0161irenja virtuelizacije AMD CPU-a i x86-VMX za Intel CPU. U trenutnoj verziji mogu\u0107e je pokretanje do 128 virtuelnih ma\u0161ina na jednom hostu, od kojih svaka mo\u017ee dobiti do 256 virtuelnih procesorskih jezgara (VCPU) i 128 GB RAM-a. <\/p>\n

NVMM uklju\u010duje drajver koji radi na nivou operativnog sistema i koordinira pristup hardverskim mehanizmima virtuelizacije, kao i Libnvmm stek koji se izvr\u0161ava u korisni\u010dkom prostoru. Interakcija izme\u0111u komponenti jezgra i korisni\u010dkog prostora ostvaruje se putem IOCTL. Osobina NVMM-a, koja ga razlikuje od hipervizora kao \u0161to su KVM, HAXM<\/a><\/noindex> i Bhyve, jeste ta da se na nivou jezgra izvr\u0161ava samo minimalni neophodni set omota\u010da oko hardverskih mehanizama virtuelizacije, dok je sav kod za emulaciju hardvera premesten iz jezgra u korisni\u010dki prostor. Ovakav pristup omogu\u0107ava smanjenje koli\u010dine koda koji se izvr\u0161ava s povi\u0161enim privilegijama i smanjuje rizik od kompromitacije celog sistema u slu\u010daju napada na ranjivosti hipervizora. Pored toga, zna\u010dajno se pojednostavljuje debagovanje i fuzzing testiranje projekta. <\/p>\n

Pri tome, Libnvmm sam po sebi ne sadr\u017ei funkcije emulatora, ve\u0107 samo pru\u017ea API koji omogu\u0107ava integraciju podr\u0161ke za NVMM u postoje\u0107e emulate, kao \u0161to je QEMU. API pokriva funkcije kao \u0161to su stvaranje i pokretanje virtualne ma\u0161ine, dodjela memorije gostuju\u0107em sustavu, raspodjela VCPU-a. Kako bi se pove\u0107ala sigurnost i smanjili mogu\u0107i vektori napada, libnvmm pru\u017ea samo izri\u010dito zatra\u017eene funkcije \u2014 prema zadanim postavkama slo\u017eeni procesori ne pokre\u0107u se automatski i uop\u0107e se mogu ne primjenjivati, ako se mo\u017ee pro\u0107i bez njih. NVMM nastoji koristiti jednostavna rje\u0161enja bez kompliciranja i omogu\u0107iti kontrolu \u0161to ve\u0107eg broja aspekata rada.<\/p>\n

\"Projekt<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Komponenta NVMM koja radi na razini jezgre \u010dvrsto je integrirana s jezgrom NetBSD-a i omogu\u0107ava pove\u0107anje performansi smanjenjem broja prebacivanja konteksta izme\u0111u gostuju\u0107eg OS-a i host okru\u017eenja. Na strani korisni\u010dkog prostora, libnvmm nastoji agregirati standardne operacije ulazno-izlaznih podataka i izbjegava pozive sustavnih funkcija kada nije potrebno. Sustav dodjele memorije temelji se na podsustavu pmap, \u0161to omogu\u0107ava isklju\u010divanje stranica memorije gostuju\u0107ih sustava u swap prostor u slu\u010daju nedostatka memorije u sustavu. NVMM je oslobo\u0111en globalnih blokada i dobro se skalira, omogu\u0107avaju\u0107i istovremeno kori\u0161tenje razli\u010ditih CPU jezgri za izvr\u0161avanje razli\u010ditih gostuju\u0107ih virtualnih strojeva. <\/p>\n

Na bazi QEMU-a pripremljeno je rje\u0161enje koje koristi NVMM za aktiviranje hardverskih mehanizama virtualizacije. U tijeku je rad na uklju\u010divanju pripremljenih zakrpa u glavni sastav QEMU-a. Veza QEMU+NVMM ve\u0107 omogu\u0107ava<\/a><\/noindex> uspje\u0161no pokre\u0107e gostuju\u0107e sustave s FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Linux, Windows XP\/7\/8.1\/10 i drugim OS-ima na sustavima x86_64 s procesorima AMD i Intel (sam NVMM nije vezan uz odre\u0111enu arhitekturu, na primjer, uz izradu odgovaraju\u0107eg b\u044dckenda mo\u017ee raditi i na sustavima ARM64). Me\u0111u podru\u010djima daljnje primjene NVMM tako\u0111er se isti\u010de sandbox-izolacija pojedinih aplikacija.<\/p>\n

\"Projekt<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 NetBSD \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 NetBSD-current \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0435 NetBSD 9. 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