{"id":33184,"date":"2019-10-31T21:51:13","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:51:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/reliz-distributiva-red-hat-enterprise-linux-8\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:51:13","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:51:13","slug":"reliz-distributiva-red-hat-enterprise-linux-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/reliz-distributiva-red-hat-enterprise-linux-8","title":{"rendered":"Izdanje distribucije Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tvrtka Red Hat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/about\/press-releases\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-8-every-enterprise-every-cloud-every-workload\">objavila<\/a><\/noindex> izdanje distribucije <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/products\/red-hat-enterprise-linux\/\">Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8<\/a><\/noindex>. Instalacijski paketi pripremljeni su za arhitekture x86_64, s390x (IBM System z), ppc64le i Aarch64, ali  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/downloads\/\">su dostupne<\/a><\/noindex> za <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/technologies\/linux-platforms\/enterprise-linux\/try-it\">preuzimanje<\/a><\/noindex> samo za registrirane korisnike Red Hat Customer Portala. Izvornik rpm paketa Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 distribuira se kroz <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.centos.org\/\">Git repozitorij<\/a><\/noindex> CentOS. Distribucija \u0107e se podr\u017eavati barem do 2029. godine.<\/p>\n<p>Kao osnova za izradu nove grane kori\u0161tene su tehnologije uklju\u010dene u <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48524\">Fedora 28<\/a><\/noindex>. Nova grana se isti\u010de prelaskom na Wayland kao zadani, zamjenom iptables s nftables, a\u017euriranjem osnovnih komponenti (jezgra 4.18, GCC 8), primjenom upravitelja paketa DNF umjesto YUM, kori\u0161tenjem modulskog repozitorija, te zaustavljanjem podr\u0161ke za KDE i Btrfs. <\/p>\n<p>Klju\u010dne <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/8\/html-single\/8.0_release_notes\/index\">promjene<\/a><\/noindex>:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Prijelaz na upravitelja paketa <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=45730\">DNF<\/a><\/noindex> s pru\u017eanjem sloja za komplementarnu podr\u0161ku za Yum na razini opcija naredbenog retka. U usporedbi s Yum, DNF ima znatno ve\u0107u brzinu rada i ni\u017ee kori\u0161tenje memorije, bolje upravlja ovisnostima i podr\u017eava grupiranje paketa u module;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Podjela na osnovni repozitorij BaseOS i modularni repozitorij AppStream. U BaseOS-u se distribuira minimalni set paketa potreban za rad sustava, sve ostalo <noindex>odgo\u0111eno<\/noindex> se nalazi u repozitoriju AppStream. AppStream se mo\u017ee koristiti u dva na\u010dina: kao klasi\u010dni RPM-repozitorij i kao repozitorij u modularnom formatu.\n<p>Modularni repozitorij nudi skupove rpm-paketa grupiranih u module, \u010dija se podr\u0161ka osigurava neovisno od verzija distribucije. Module je mogu\u0107e koristiti za instalaciju alternativnih verzija odre\u0111enih aplikacija (npr. mogu\u0107e je instalirati PostgreSQL 9.6 ili PostgreSQL 10). Modularna organizacija omogu\u0107uje korisniku prijelaz na nove zna\u010dajne verzije aplikacije bez \u010dekanja na novu verziju distribucije i zadr\u017eavanje starih, ali jo\u0161 uvijek podr\u017eavanih verzija nakon nadogradnje distribucije. Moduli uklju\u010duju osnovnu aplikaciju i potrebne biblioteke za njezino funkcioniranje (kao ovisnosti mogu se koristiti drugi moduli);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Kao zadani radni stol ponu\u0111en je <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48263\">GNOME 3.28<\/a><\/noindex> s primjenom zadano servera prikaza temeljenog na Waylandu. Okru\u017eenje temeljen na X.Org Serveru dostupno je kao opcija. Paketi s radnim stolom KDE su isklju\u010deni, ostavljena je samo podr\u0161ka za GNOME;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Paket s Linux kernelom izgra\u0111en je na osnovi izdanja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49040\">4.18<\/a><\/noindex>. Kao kompajler po defaultu kori\u0161ten je <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48535\">GCC 8.2<\/a><\/noindex>. Sustavna biblioteka Glibc a\u017eurirana je na izdanje <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49059\">2.28<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Kao zadana implementacija programskog jezika Python koristi se Python 3.6. Osigurana je ograni\u010dena podr\u0161ka za Python 2.7. Python nije uklju\u010den u osnovnu isporuku, potrebno ga je dodatno instalirati. A\u017eurirane su verzije Ruby 2.5, PHP 7.2, Perl 5.26, Node.js 10, Java 8 i 11, Clang\/LLVM Toolset 6.0, .NET Core 2.1, Git 2.17, Mercurial 4.8, Subversion 1.10. Uklju\u010deni su i CMake (3.11) kao sustav za izgradnju;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> U Anaconda instalator dodana je podr\u0161ka za instalaciju sustava na NVDIMM pohranu;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> U instalator i sustav dodana je mogu\u0107nost \u0161ifriranja diskova kori\u0161tenjem formata LUKS2, koji je zamijenio ranije kori\u0161teni format LUKS1 (LUKS2 se sada nudi po defaultu u dm-crypt i cryptsetup). LUKS2 se odlikuje pojednostavljenim sustavom upravljanja klju\u010devima, mogu\u0107no\u0161\u0107u kori\u0161tenja ve\u0107e veli\u010dine sektora (4096 umjesto 512, smanjuje optere\u0107enje prilikom de\u0161ifriranja), simbolskim identifikatorima particija (label) i sredstvima za rezerviranje metapodataka s mogu\u0107no\u0161\u0107u automatske obnove iz kopije u slu\u010daju otkrivanja o\u0161te\u0107enja.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je nova alatka Composer, koja pru\u017ea alate za stvaranje prilago\u0111enih pokreta\u010dkih sistemskih slika, pogodnih za implementaciju u okru\u017eenjima razli\u010ditih cloud platformi;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Podr\u0161ka za datote\u010dni sustav Btrfs je uklonjena. Uklju\u010divanje modula jezgre btrfs.ko, alata btrfs-progs i paketa snapper vi\u0161e nije omogu\u0107en;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Uklju\u010deni su alati <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49381\">Stratis<\/a><\/noindex>, koji pru\u017eaju sredstva za unifikaciju i pojednostavljenje postavljanja i upravljanja skupom jednog ili vi\u0161e lokalnih pohranskog ure\u0111aja. Stratis je implementiran kao sloj (demon stratisd) izgra\u0111en iznad podssustava devicemapper i XFS, te omogu\u0107uje mogu\u0107nosti poput dinami\u010dkog dodjeljivanja prostora u pohrani, snapshotova, osiguranje cjelovitosti i stvaranje slojeva za ke\u0161iranje, bez potrebe za ekspertizom u upravljanju sustavima pohrane;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementirane su op\u0107e politike postavljanja kriptografskih pod sustava, koje pokrivaju TLS, IPSec, SSH, DNSSec i Kerberos protokole. Uz pomo\u0107 komande update-crypto-policies sada se mo\u017ee odabrati jedan od<br \/>\nna\u010dina odabira kriptoalgoritama: default, legacy, future i fips. Uz zadanu implementaciju koristi se verzija <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49255\">OpenSSL 1.1.1<\/a><\/noindex> s podr\u0161kom za TLS 1.3;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Osigurana je op\u0107a podr\u0161ka za pametne kartice i HSM (Hardware Security Modules) s kriptografskim tokenima PKCS#11;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Umjesto iptables, ip6tables, arptables i ebtables, paketni filtar nftables sada se koristi kao zadani i isti\u010de se unifikacijom su\u010delja za filtriranje paketa za IPv4, IPv6, ARP i mre\u017ene mostove. Nftables pru\u017ea op\u0107e su\u010delje na razini jezgre koje nije ovisno o specifi\u010dnom protokolu i nudi osnovne funkcije za va\u0111enje podataka iz paketa, izvr\u0161avanje operacija s podacima i upravljanje protokom. Logika filtriranja i specifi\u010dne obrade protokola kompiliraju se u bajtkod u korisni\u010dkom prostoru, nakon \u010dega se ovaj bajtkod u\u010ditava u jezgru putem Netlink su\u010delja i izvr\u0161ava u posebnoj virtualnoj ma\u0161ini, nalik BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Demon firewalld preba\u010den je na kori\u0161tenje nftables kao zadnjeg bendra. Za pretvaranje starih pravila dodane su alatke iptables-translate i ip6tables-translate;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Za osiguranje mre\u017ene povezanosti izme\u0111u vi\u0161e kontejnera dodana je podr\u0161ka za drajvere za izgradnju virtualne mre\u017ee IPVLAN;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Osnovni paket uklju\u010duje http-server nginx (1.14). Apache httpd je a\u017euriran na verziju 2.4.35, a OpenSSH na 7.8p1.\n<p> U repozitorijima su dostupne baze podataka MySQL 8.0, MariaDB 10.3, PostgreSQL 9.6\/10 i Redis 4.0. Baza podataka MongoDB nije uklju\u010dena zbog <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49449\">prijelaza<\/a><\/noindex> nove licencije SSPL, koja jo\u0161 nije priznata kao otvorena;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Komponente za virtualizaciju su modernizirane. Zadano se pri stvaranju virtualnih ma\u0161ina koristi tip <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.qemu.org\/Features\/Q35\">Q35<\/a><\/noindex> (emulacija \u010dipseta ICH9) s podr\u0161kom za PCI Express. Za izradu i upravljanje virtualnim ma\u0161inama sada je mogu\u0107e koristiti web-su\u010di\u0161te Cockpit. Su\u010delje virt-manager progla\u0161eno je zastarjelim. QEMU je a\u017euriran na verziju  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48493\">2.12<\/a><\/noindex>. U QEMU je implementiran sandbox-izolacijski re\u017eim koji ograni\u010dava sistemske pozive koje mogu koristiti QEMU komponente;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Dodana je podr\u0161ka za mehanizme pra\u0107enja temeljene na eBPF, uklju\u010duju\u0107i alate SystemTap (4.0). Uklju\u010deni su alati za sastavljanje i u\u010ditavanje BPF programa;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Eksperimentalna podr\u0161ka za XDP (eXpress Data Path) podsustav dodana je, omogu\u0107uju\u0107i pokretanje BPF programa na razini mre\u017enog drajvera s izravnim pristupom DMA-buferu paketa, i to u fazi prije dodjeljivanja skbuff bufera mre\u017enom stogu;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Uklju\u010dena je alatka boom za upravljanje postavkama pokreta\u010da. Boom olak\u0161ava izvo\u0111enje operacija kao \u0161to su kreiranje novih pokretnih zapisa, na primjer, kada je potrebno pokretanje s LVM snimka. Boom je ograni\u010den samo na dodavanje novih pokretnih zapisa i ne mo\u017ee se koristiti za promjenu ve\u0107 postoje\u0107ih;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Integriran je lagani alat za upravljanje izoliranim kontejnerima, koji se koristi za izgradnju kontejnera.  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/blog\/daemon-haunted-container-world-no-longer-introducing-buildah-10\">Buildah<\/a><\/noindex>, za pokretanje &#8212; <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/developers.redhat.com\/articles\/podman-next-generation-linux-container-tools\/\">Podman<\/a><\/noindex>  i za pretra\u017eivanje gotovih slika &#8212; <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.openshift.com\/promoting-container-images-between-registries-with-skopeo\/\">Skopeo<\/a><\/noindex>;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro\u0161irene su mogu\u0107nosti vezane uz klasterizaciju. Menad\u017eer klasterskih resursa Pacemaker a\u017euriran je na verziju 2.0. U alatu  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ClusterLabs\/pcs\">pcs<\/a><\/noindex> omogu\u0107ena je potpuna podr\u0161ka za Corosync 3, knet i pristup preko imena \u010dvorova;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Klasi\u010dni skripti za postavljanje mre\u017ee (network-scripts) su progla\u0161eni zastarjelim i sada se ne isporu\u010duju po defaultu. Kako bi se osigurala povratna kompatibilnost, dodane su omotnice iznad NetworkManager-a, koje funkcioni\u0161u putem alata nmcli;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/8\/html-single\/considerations_in_adopting_rhel_8\/index\">Uklonjeno<\/a><\/noindex> paketi: crypto-utils, cvs, dmraid, empathy, finger, gnote, gstreamer, ImageMagick, mgetty, phonon, pm-utils, rdist, ntp (zamijenjen chrony), qemu (zamijenjen qemu-kvm), qt (zamijenjen qt5-qt), rsh, rt, rubygems (sada dio glavnog paketa ruby), system-config-firewall, tcp_wrappers, wxGTK.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pripremljena je univerzalna osnovna slika (UBI, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/blog\/introducing-red-hat-universal-base-image\">Universal Base Image<\/a><\/noindex>) za kreiranje izoliranih kontejnera, uklju\u010duju\u0107i mogu\u0107nost stvaranja kontejnera jedne aplikacije. UBI uklju\u010duje minimalno smanjeno okru\u017eenje, runtime dodatke za podr\u0161ku programskim jezicima (nodejs, ruby, python, php, perl) i skup dodatnih paketa u repozitoriju.\n<\/li>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50644\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Red Hat \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 x86_64, s390x (IBM System z), ppc64le \u0438 Aarch64, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c Red Hat Customer Portal. \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044b rpm-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 Git-\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 CentOS. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u0434\u043e 2029 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Red Hat \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/reliz-distributiva-red-hat-enterprise-linux-8\" \/>\n\t\t<meta 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