{"id":33305,"date":"2019-10-31T21:51:51","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:51:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/build-share-collaborate\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:51:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:51:51","slug":"build-share-collaborate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/build-share-collaborate","title":{"rendered":"Izradite, dijelite, sura\u0111ujte","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kontejneri predstavljaju olak\u0161anu verziju korisni\u010dkog prostora operativnog sustava Linux \u2013 zapravo, to je \u201egoli\u201d minimum. Ipak, ovo je i dalje potpuno funkcionalan operativni sustav, pa je kvaliteta tog kontejnera jednako va\u017ena kao i kvaliteta punopravnog operativnog sustava. Zato smo dugo vremena nudili <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/containers\/\">slike Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)<\/a><\/noindex>, kako bi korisnici mogli imati certificirane, moderne i a\u017eurirane kontejnerske slike na razini poduze\u0107a. Pokretanje <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/developers.redhat.com\/blog\/2018\/02\/22\/container-terminology-practical-introduction\/#h.dqlu6589ootw\">kontejnerskih slika<\/a><\/noindex> (container images) RHEL na kontejnerskim hostovima (container hosts) RHEL osigurava kompatibilnost i prenosivost izme\u0111u okru\u017eenja, a ne govorimo o tome da su to ve\u0107 poznati alati. Postojao je, me\u0111utim, jedan problem. Niste mogli jednostavno prenijeti takvu sliku nekome drugome, \u010dak i ako se radilo o klijentu ili partneru koji koristi Red Hat Enterprise Linux. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izradite, dijelite, sura\u0111ujte\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/2c87e29b54241ecbda00523418ccb8ea.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAli sada se sve promijenilo <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nS objavljivanjem univerzalne slike Red Hat Universal Base Image (UBI), sada je mogu\u0107e dobiti uobi\u010dajenu pouzdanost, sigurnost i visoku izvedbu slu\u017ebenih kontejnerskih slika Red Hat, bez obzira imate li pretplatu ili ne. To zna\u010di da mo\u017eete izgraditi kontejneriziranu aplikaciju na UBI, staviti je u registar kontejnera po va\u0161em izboru i dijeliti je sa svijetom. Red Hat Universal Base Image omogu\u0107ava izgradnju, dijeljenje i suradnju na kontejneriziranoj aplikaciji u bilo kojem okru\u017eenju \u2013 gdje god \u017eelite. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izradite, dijelite, sura\u0111ujte\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/d06210d717e17d2732284239003445c3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Zahvaljuju\u0107i UBI, postoje mogu\u0107nosti za objavljivanje i pokretanje va\u0161ih aplikacija gotovo u bilo kojoj infrastrukturi. No, ako ih pokre\u0107ete na platformama Red Hat, poput Red Hat OpenShift i Red Hat Enterprise Linux, mo\u017eete dobiti dodatne prednosti (vi\u0161e zlata!). A dok ne pre\u0111emo na detaljniji opis UBI, dopustite mi da pru\u017eim kratak FAQ za\u0161to je potrebna RHEL Subscription. Dakle, \u0161to \u0107e se dogoditi prilikom pokretanja UBI slike na platformi RHEL\/OpenShift? <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izradite, dijelite, sura\u0111ujte\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/245ded4e0742a057d53b2b4d49902d3c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>A sada, kada je marketing zadovoljan, razgovarajmo detaljnije o UBI<\/p>\n<h3>Razlozi za kori\u0161tenje UBI<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0160to biste trebali osje\u0107ati kako biste shvatili da \u0107e vam UBI biti koristan: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Moji <b>razvijatelji<\/b> \u017eele koristiti kontejnerske slike koje se mogu distribuirati i pokretati u bilo kojem okru\u017eenju <\/li>\n<li>Moj tim <b>operacija<\/b> \u017eeli podr\u017eani osnovni obrazac s \u017eivotnim ciklusom na razini poduze\u0107a <\/li>\n<li>Moji <b>arhitekti<\/b> \u017eele nuditi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/operatorhub.io\/\">Kubernetes Operator<\/a><\/noindex> mojim klijentima\/krajnjim korisnicima<\/li>\n<li>Moji <b>klijenti<\/b> \u017eele imati podr\u0161ku za korporativnu razinu za cijelo svoje okru\u017eenje Red Hat <\/li>\n<li>Moje <b>zajednica<\/b> \u017eeli dijeliti, pokretati, objavljivati kontejnerizirane aplikacije doslovno svugdje <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAko barem jedan od scenarija odgovara, svakako trebate obratiti pa\u017enju na UBI. <\/p>\n<h3>Vi\u0161e od samo osnovne slike <\/h3>\n<p>\nUBI \u2013 manje od potpune operativne sustave, ali UBI ima tri va\u017ene stvari: <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Set od tri osnovne slike (ubi, ubi-minimal, ubi-init) <\/li>\n<li>Slike s ve\u0107 pripremljenim okru\u017eenjima za razli\u010dite programske jezike (nodejs, ruby, python, php, perl, itd.) <\/li>\n<li>Skup povezanih paketa u YUM repozitoriju s naj\u010de\u0161\u0107im zavisnostima <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izradite, dijelite, sura\u0111ujte\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/bbfe3101ba7ab8f4ee6006a07e464cdf.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>UBI je stvoren kao osnova za cloud-native i web aplikacije koje se razvijaju i isporu\u010duju u kontejnerima. Sav sadr\u017eaj u UBI-ju je podskup RHEL-a. Svi paketi u UBI-ju dolaze putem RHEL kanala i podr\u017eani su poput RHEL-a kada se pokre\u0107u na podr\u017eanim Red Hat platformama kao \u0161to su OpenShift i RHEL. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izradite, dijelite, sura\u0111ujte\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/877ffa34cf18939faf84e376035cc9f6.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Za osiguranje kvalitetne podr\u0161ke kontejnerima potrebno je puno truda in\u017eenjera, stru\u010dnjaka za sigurnost i drugih dodatnih resursa. Potrebno je ne samo testirati osnovne slike, ve\u0107 i analizirati njihovo pona\u0161anje na bilo kojem podr\u017eanom hostu. <\/p>\n<p>Da bi se olak\u0161ali zadaci vezani uz a\u017euriranje, Red Hat aktivno razvija razvoj i podr\u0161ku, omogu\u0107uju\u0107i tako da se UBI 7 mo\u017ee pokretati, na primjer, na RHEL 8 hostovima, dok se UBI 8 mo\u017ee pokretati na RHEL 7 hostovima. To pru\u017ea korisnicima potrebnu fleksibilnost, sigurnost i mir tijekom, na primjer, a\u017euriranja platformi u slikama kontejnera ili kori\u0161tenih hostova. Sve to se sada mo\u017ee podijeliti u dva neovisna projekta. <\/p>\n<h3>Tri osnovne slike<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izradite, dijelite, sura\u0111ujte\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/14c750c058706f328c58f296624499c0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/> <\/p>\n<p>Minimalna \u2013 namijenjena aplikacijama sa svim zavisnostima (Python, Node.js, .NET, itd.) <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimalni set unaprijed instaliranog sadr\u017eaja <\/li>\n<li>Bez izvr\u0161nih datoteka suid <\/li>\n<li>Minimalni alat za upravljanje paketima (instalacija, a\u017euriranje i brisanje) <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPlatforma \u2013 za bilo koje aplikacije koje se pokre\u0107u na RHEL <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ujedinjeni kriptografski stek OpenSSL<\/li>\n<li>Potpuni stek YUM <\/li>\n<li>Uklju\u010dene korisne osnovne OS alate (tar, gzip, vi, itd.) <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nMulti-Service \u2013 olak\u0161ava pokretanje vi\u0161e usluga u jednom kontejneru <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Konfigurirano za pokretanje systemd pri pokretanju <\/li>\n<li>Mogu\u0107nost uklju\u010divanja servisa u fazi izgradnje <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Slike kontejnera s ve\u0107 spremnim runtime okru\u017eenjima programskih jezika <\/h3>\n<p>\nPored osnovnih slika koje omogu\u0107uju instalaciju podr\u0161ke za programske jezike, UBI uklju\u010duje prethodno sastavljene slike s ve\u0107 spremnim runtime okru\u017eenjima za niz programskih jezika. Mnogi programeri mogu jednostavno uzeti sliku i po\u010deti raditi na aplikaciji koju razvijaju. <\/p>\n<p>S pokretanjem UBI Red Hat nudi dva seta slika \u2013 na bazi RHEL 7 i na bazi RHEL 8. Njihova osnova su, redom, Red Hat Software Collections (RHEL 7) i Application Streams (RHEL 8). Ova runtime okru\u017eenja se odr\u017eavaju a\u017eurnim i standardno primaju do \u010detiri a\u017euriranja godi\u0161nje, tako da uvijek postoji mogu\u0107nost rada s najnovijim i najstabilnijim verzijama. <\/p>\n<p><b>Evo popisa kontejnerskih slika UBI 7:<\/b> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izradite, dijelite, sura\u0111ujte\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/996418541dce083453eb25ef28abc5eb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>Evo popisa kontejnerskih slika za UBI 8:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izradite, dijelite, sura\u0111ujte\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/48726f993bb541f60b8df2e62215b8b2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Povezani paketi <\/h3>\n<p>\nKori\u0161tenje gotovih slika je stvarno vrlo prakti\u010dno. Red Hat ih odr\u017eava a\u017eurnima i a\u017eurira ih zajedno s objavom nove verzije RHEL-a, kao i kada se pojave kriti\u010dna a\u017euriranja CVE u skladu s politikom a\u017euriranja. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/articles\/2208321\">RHEL politika slika<\/a><\/noindex> da bi mogli uzeti jednu od ovih slika i odmah po\u010deti raditi na aplikaciji. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izradite, dijelite, sura\u0111ujte\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/16aaf2f54379d5d3f48e00108f02e61e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>No, ponekad tijekom izrade aplikacije mo\u017ee vam iznenada zatrebati neki dodatni paket. Ili, ponekad, da bi aplikacija radila, potrebno je a\u017eurirati taj ili oni paket. Upravo zato slike UBI dolaze s paketom RPM-a, koji su dostupni putem yum-a, i koji se distribuiraju putem brze i visoko dostupne mre\u017ee za isporuku sadr\u017eaja (uzmite paket!). Kada pokrenete yum-a\u017euriranje na svom CI\/CD-u u tom kriti\u010dnom trenutku lansiranja, mo\u017eete biti sigurni \u2013 radit \u0107e.<\/p>\n<h3>RHEL je temelj<\/h3>\n<p>\nNe umaramo se ponavljati da je RHEL temelj svega. Znate li koje ekipe u Red Hatu rade na stvaranju osnovnih slika? Na primjer, ove:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In\u017eenjersko-tehni\u010dka grupa koja je odgovorna za osiguranje da osnovne biblioteke, poput glibc i OpenSSL, kao i jezici izvr\u0161avanja, poput Pythona i Rubyja, obezbede stabilne performanse i pouzdano rade sa radnim optere\u0107enjima u kontejnerima. <\/li>\n<li>Grupa za bezbednost proizvoda bavi se pravovremenim ispravljanjem gre\u0161aka i bezbednosnih problema u bibliotekama i jezicima izvr\u0161avanja, a efikasnost njihovog rada ocenjuje se pomo\u0107u posebnog indeksa. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/articles\/2803031\">Ocena zdravlja kontejnera<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/li>\n<li>Tim menad\u017eera proizvoda i in\u017eenjera se bavi dodavanjem novih funkcija i obezbe\u0111uje dug \u017eivotni vek proizvoda, \u0161to pru\u017ea sigurnost u ulo\u017eena sredstva koja \u0107e se koristiti kao osnova. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux se pokazuje kao odli\u010dan doma\u0107in i slika za kontejnere, ali je mnogim developerima va\u017ena sposobnost rada sa sistemom u raznim formatima, od kojih neki mogu prema\u0161iti podr\u017eane scenarije kori\u0161\u0107enja Linux sistema. Tu nastupaju univerzalne UBI slike. <\/p>\n<p>Recimo da trenutno tra\u017eite osnovnu sliku kako biste zapo\u010deli rad na jednostavnoj kontejnerizovanoj aplikaciji. Ili ste ve\u0107 bli\u017ee budu\u0107nosti i prelazite s autonomnih kontejnera koji rade na engine-u kontejnera na cloud-native pristup koriste\u0107i operatore (izrada i sertifikovanje Operatora) na OpenShift-u. U svakom slu\u010daju, UBI \u0107e obezbediti odli\u010dnu osnovu za to. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izradite, dijelite, sura\u0111ujte\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/e40393e4d9cedcc769ebd0c593d997cc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Kontejneri uklju\u010duju olak\u0161anu verziju korisni\u010dkog prostora operativnog sistema u novom formatu pakovanja. Izdanje UBI slika postavlja novi industrijski standard za kontejnerizovani razvoj, dok kontejnere nivoa preduze\u0107a \u010dini dostupnim svim korisnicima, nezavisnim programerima i open source zajednici. Konkretno, programeri mogu standardizovati svoje proizvode koriste\u0107i jedinstvenu, proverenu osnovu za sve svoje kontejnerizovane aplikacije, uklju\u010duju\u0107i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/operatorhub.io\/\">Kubernetes Operatore<\/a><\/noindex>. Razvojne kompanije koje koriste UBI tako\u0111er mogu dobiti Red Hat Container Certification i Red Hat OpenShift Operator Certification, \u0161to omogu\u0107ava stalnu verifikaciju softvera pokrenutog na Red Hat platformama poput OpenShifta. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Izradite, dijelite, sura\u0111ujte\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/e2351cfad639b2f7d98b6bc9cecc41c6.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Kako zapo\u010deti rad s imid\u017eom <\/h3>\n<p>\nUkratko - jako jednostavno. Podman je dostupan ne samo u RHEL-u, ve\u0107 i u Fedori, CentOS-u i brojnim drugim Linux distribucijama. Sve \u0161to trebate u\u010diniti je preuzeti imid\u017e iz jednog od sljede\u0107ih repozitorija, i to je to. <\/p>\n<p>Za UBI 8: <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">podman pull registry.access.redhat.com\/ubi8\/ubi\npodman pull registry.access.redhat.com\/ubi8\/ubi-minimal\npodman pull registry.access.redhat.com\/ubi8\/ubi-init\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nZa UBI 7: <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">podman pull registry.access.redhat.com\/ubi7\/ubi\npodman pull registry.access.redhat.com\/ubi7\/ubi-minimal\npodman pull registry.access.redhat.com\/ubi7\/ubi-init\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nI pogledajte cjeloviti Universal Base Image Guide <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/8\/html-single\/building_running_and_managing_containers\/index?lb_target=stage#using_red_hat_universal_base_images_standard_minimal_and_runtimes\">RHEL 8 Kako napraviti<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux_atomic_host\/7\/html-single\/getting_started_with_containers\/index#using_red_hat_universal_base_images_standard_minimal_and_runtimes\">RHEL 7 Kako napraviti<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/redhatrussia\/blog\/451090\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Linux \u2013 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0439\u00bb \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c. \u0422\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":25036,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - 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