{"id":33517,"date":"2019-10-31T21:53:04","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/predstavlen-bolee-effektivnyj-metod-opredeleniya-prefiksov-kollizij-dlya-sha-1\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:53:04","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:04","slug":"predstavlen-bolee-effektivnyj-metod-opredeleniya-prefiksov-kollizij-dlya-sha-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/predstavlen-bolee-effektivnyj-metod-opredeleniya-prefiksov-kollizij-dlya-sha-1","title":{"rendered":"Predstavljen je efikasniji metod odre\u0111ivanja prefiksa kolizija za SHA-1","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Istra\u017eiva\u010di iz francuskog nacionalnog instituta za istra\u017eivanje ra\u010dunarstva i automatizacije (INRIA) i Nanyang Technological University (Singapur) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mailarchive.ietf.org\/arch\/msg\/cfrg\/NhiGvOFzcEw108YLwF_ndyfB1k4\">razvili<\/a><\/noindex> napredni <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2019\/459\">metoda<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2019\/459.pdf\">U1.1.9.6. Napada\u010di su izvr\u0161ili presretanje unosa korisni\u010dkih podataka s tipkovnice analizom zvukova pritiska na tipke.<\/a><\/noindex> na algoritmu SHA-1, zna\u010dajno pojednostavljuju\u0107i stvaranje dva razli\u010dita dokumenta s istim SHA-1 hashom. Bit metode je svedena operacija potpune pretrage kolizije u SHA-1 na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0#%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC\">kolizijsku napad s zadanim prefiksom<\/a><\/noindex>, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435. \u0418\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443, \u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 &#8212; \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u044d\u0448\u0438 SHA-1 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b.<\/p>\n<p>Ova vrsta napada jo\u0161 uvek zahteva ogromne prora\u010dune, a pronala\u017eenje prefiksa ostaje slo\u017eenije od uobi\u010dajene pretrage kolizija, ali je prakti\u010dna efikasnost rezultata znatno vi\u0161a. Ako je do sada najbr\u017ea metoda tra\u017eenja prefiksa kolizije u SHA-1 zahtevala 277.1 operacija, nova metoda smanjuje broj prora\u010duna na opseg od 266.9 do 269.4. Na toj razini prora\u010duna, procenjeni tro\u0161ak napada iznosi manje od stotinu hiljada dolara, \u0161to je pristupa\u010dno obave\u0161tajnim agencijama i velikim korporacijama. Za pore\u0111enje, potrebno je izvr\u0161iti otprilike 264.7 operacija za pronala\u017eenje obi\u010dne kolizije.<\/p>\n<p>U <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=46091\">pro\u0161log<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/shattered.it\/\">demonstracija<\/a><\/noindex>  Google mogu\u0107nosti generisanja razli\u010ditih PDF-datoteka s istim SHA-1 hashom <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=46102\">koristila<\/a><\/noindex> trik s kombinovanjem u jednu datoteku dva dokumenta, prebaciv\u0161i vidljivi sloj i pomeraju\u0107i oznaku izbora sloja u podru\u010dje nastanka kolizije. Uz sli\u010dne tro\u0161kove resursa (na pronala\u017eenju prve kolizije SHA-1 Google je potro\u0161io godinu dana prora\u010duna na klasteru od 110 GPU-a), nova metoda omogu\u0107ava postizanje poklapanja SHA-1 za dva proizvoljna skupa podataka. Sa prakti\u010dne strane, mogu\u0107e je pripremiti TLS sertifikate koji spominju razli\u010dite domene, ali se SHA-1 hashovi poklapaju. Ova mogu\u0107nost omogu\u0107ava ne\u010dasnom sertifikacijskom centru da stvori sertifikat za digitalni potpis koji se mo\u017ee koristiti za autorizaciju la\u017enih sertifikata za proizvoljne domene. Problem tako\u0111e mo\u017ee biti iskori\u0161\u0107en za kompromitovanje protokola koji se oslanjaju na odsustvo kolizija, poput TLS-a, SSH-a i IPsec-a.<\/p>\n<p>Predlo\u017eena strategija tra\u017eenja prefiksa za koliziju podrazumijeva razdvajanje izra\u010duna na dva koraka. U prvom koraku se vr\u0161i pretra\u017eivanje blokova koji su na rubu kolizije, ugra\u0111ivanjem nasumi\u010dnih varijabli nizova u unaprijed definirani ciljni skup razlika. U drugom koraku, na razini pojedina\u010dnih blokova, dobiveni nizovi razlika uspore\u0111uju se s parovima stanja koji dovode do kolizija, koriste\u0107i metode tradicionalnih napada na odabir kolizija. <\/p>\n<p>Iako je teoretska mogu\u0107nost napada na SHA-1 dokazana jo\u0161 2005. godine, a u praksi je prva kolizija <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=46091\">prona\u0111ena<\/a><\/noindex> 2017. godine, SHA-1 se jo\u0161 uvijek koristi i obuhva\u0107en je nekim standardima i tehnologijama (TLS 1.2, Git itd.). Glavni cilj ovog rada bio je pru\u017eiti jo\u0161 jedan ozbiljan argument za hitno prestanak kori\u0161tenja SHA-1, posebno u certifikatima i digitalnim potpisima.<\/p>\n<p>Dodatno se mo\u017ee istaknuti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2019\/474\">publikaciju<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex>rezultata<\/noindex> kriptanalize blokovskih \u0161ifri <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simon_(cipher)\">SIMON-32\/64<\/a><\/noindex>, razvijenih od strane NSA i 2018. godine odobrenih kao standard <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/ru\/standard\/70388.html\">ISO\/IEC 29167-21:2018<\/a><\/noindex>.<br \/>\n\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439. \u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 0.25, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 &#8212; 0.025.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50674\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 (INRIA) \u0438 \u041d\u0430\u043d\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 (\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0440) \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c SHA-1, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0445\u044d\u0448\u0430\u043c\u0438 SHA-1. \u0421\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0432 SHA-1 \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0435 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33517","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e 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