{"id":33661,"date":"2019-10-31T21:54:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-ponyat-kogda-proksi-lgut-verifikatsiya-fizicheskih-lokatsij-setevyh-proksi-s-pomoshhyu-algoritma-aktivnoj-geolokatsii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:54:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:01","slug":"kak-ponyat-kogda-proksi-lgut-verifikatsiya-fizicheskih-lokatsij-setevyh-proksi-s-pomoshhyu-algoritma-aktivnoj-geolokatsii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ponyat-kogda-proksi-lgut-verifikatsiya-fizicheskih-lokatsij-setevyh-proksi-s-pomoshhyu-algoritma-aktivnoj-geolokatsii","title":{"rendered":"Kako razumjeti kada proxy la\u017eu: verifikacija fizi\u010dkih lokacija mre\u017enih proxyja pomo\u0107u algoritma aktivne geolokacije","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kako<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Ljudi \u0161irom svijeta koriste komercijalne proksije kako bi sakrili svoju pravu lokaciju ili identitet. To se mo\u017ee raditi u razne svrhe, uklju\u010duju\u0107i pristup blokiranim informacijama ili osiguranje privatnosti. <\/p>\n

Ali koliko su pouzdani davatelji takvih proksija kada tvrde da su njihovi serveri smje\u0161teni u odre\u0111enoj zemlji? To je klju\u010dno pitanje \u010diji odgovor odre\u0111uje mo\u017ee li se uop\u0107e koristiti odre\u0111ena usluga onim klijentima koji su zabrinuti za za\u0161titu osobnih informacija.<\/p>\n

Grupa ameri\u010dkih znanstvenika s sveu\u010dili\u0161ta Massachusetts, Carnegie Mellon i Stony Brook objavila je istra\u017eivanje<\/a><\/noindex>, tijekom kojeg su provjeravali stvarno mjesto smje\u0161taja servera sedam popularnih proksi davatelja. Pripremili smo kratki pregled glavnih rezultata.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Uvod<\/h2>\n

\nOperateri proksija \u010desto ne pru\u017eaju nikakve informacije koje bi mogle potvrditi to\u010dnost njihovih tvrdnji o mjestu smje\u0161taja servera. Baze podataka IP-to-location obi\u010dno potvr\u0111uju marketin\u0161ke tvrdnje takvih tvrtki, no postoji mnogo dokaza o pogre\u0161kama u tim bazama.<\/p>\n

Tijekom istra\u017eivanja, ameri\u010dki znanstvenici su procijenili lokaciju 2269 proksiju servera koje upravljaju sedam proksi tvrtki, smje\u0161tenih u ukupno 222 zemlje i teritorije. Analiza je pokazala da najmanje tre\u0107ina svih servera nije smje\u0161tena u onim zemljama koje tvrtke navode u svojim marketin\u0161kim materijalima. Umjesto toga, oni se nalaze u zemljama s jeftinim i pouzdanim hostingom: u \u010ce\u0161koj, Njema\u010dkoj, Nizozemskoj, Velikoj Britaniji i Sjedinjenim Ameri\u010dkim Dr\u017eavama.<\/p>\n

Analiza mjesta smje\u0161taja servera<\/h2>\n

\nKomercijalni davatelji VPN-a i proksija mogu utjecati na to\u010dnost baza podataka IP-to-location \u2013 tvrtke imaju mogu\u0107nost manipulacije, na primjer, kodovima lokacija u nazivima usmjeriva\u010da. Na kraju, marketin\u0161ki materijali mogu tvrditi da postoji veliki broj dostupnih korisnicima lokacija, dok se u stvarnosti, radi u\u0161tede i pove\u0107anja pouzdanosti, serveri fizi\u010dki nalaze u malom broju zemalja, iako baze IP-to-location govore suprotno.<\/p>\n

Istra\u017eiva\u010di su koristili algoritam aktivne geolokacije kako bi provjerili stvarnu lokaciju servera. Pomo\u0107u njega procijenjen je roundtrip paketa poslanog prema serveru i drugim poznatim hostovima na internetu. <\/p>\n

Pri tome, manje od 10% testiranih proxy servera odgovara na ping, a znanstvenici nisu mogli pokrenuti bilo kakav softver za mjerenje na samom serveru iz o\u010ditih razloga. Imali su samo mogu\u0107nost slanja paketa preko proxy servera, pa roundtrip do bilo koje to\u010dke u prostoru predstavlja zbroj vremena potrebnog da paket do\u0111e od testnog hosta do proxy servera i od proxy servera do odredi\u0161ta.<\/p>\n

\"Kako
\n
\nTijekom istra\u017eivanja razvijen je specijalizirani softver temeljen na \u010detiri algoritma aktivne geolokacije: CBG, Octant, Spotter i hibridni Octant\/Spotter. Kod rje\u0161enja dostupan<\/a><\/noindex> GitHubu.<\/p>\n

Budu\u0107i da se nije moglo osloniti na IP-to-location baze podataka, istra\u017eiva\u010di su koristili popis sidri\u0161nih hostova RIPE Atlas \u2013 informacije u ovoj bazi dostupne su online, stalno se a\u017euriraju, a dokumentirane lokacije su to\u010dne; \u0161to je vi\u0161e, hostovi s popisa stalno \u0161alju jedni drugima ping signale i a\u017euriraju podatke o roundtrip-u u javnoj bazi.<\/p>\n

Razvijena rje\u0161enja predstavljaju web aplikaciju koja uspostavlja za\u0161ti\u0107ene (HTTPS) TCP veze preko neza\u0161ti\u0107enog porta HTTP 80. Ako server ne slu\u0161a na ovom portu, do\u0107i \u0107e do gre\u0161ke nakon jednog zahtjeva, no ako server slu\u0161a na tom portu, preglednik \u0107e primiti SYN-ACK odgovor s paketom TLS ClientHello. To \u0107e izazvati gre\u0161ku u protokolu, a preglednik \u0107e prikazati gre\u0161ku, ali samo nakon drugog roundtrip-a. <\/p>\n

\"Kako
\n
\nTako web aplikacija mo\u017ee izmjeriti vrijeme jednog ili dva roundtrip-a. Sli\u010dna usluga realizirana je u obliku programa koji se pokre\u0107e iz komandne linije.<\/p>\n

Niti jedan od testiranih pru\u017eatelja ne navodi to\u010dnu lokaciju svojih proxy poslu\u017eitelja. U najboljem slu\u010daju spominju se gradovi, ali naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e postoji samo informacija o zemlji. \u010cak i kada se grad spominje, mogu se dogoditi nejasno\u0107e \u2013 primjerice, istra\u017eiva\u010di su prou\u010dili konfiguracijski fajl jednog od poslu\u017eitelja nazvanog usa.new-york-city.cfg, u kojem su bile upute za povezivanje s poslu\u017eiteljem nazvanim chicago.vpn-provider.example. Tako da se mo\u017ee vi\u0161e-manje to\u010dno potvrditi samo pripadnost poslu\u017eitelja odre\u0111enoj zemlji.<\/p>\n

Rezultati<\/h2>\n

\nNa temelju testova pomo\u0107u algoritma aktivne geolokacije, istra\u017eiva\u010dima je uspjelo potvrditi lokaciju 989 od 2269 IP adresa. U slu\u010daju 642 to nije bilo mogu\u0107e, a 638 se nalazi na mjestu koje nije u zemlji u kojoj bi trebali biti prema tvrdnjama proxy servisa. Vi\u0161e od 400 takvih la\u017enih adresa zapravo se nalazi na istom kontinentu s navedenom zemljom. <\/p>\n

\"Kako<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Ispravne adrese nalaze se u zemljama koje se naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e koriste za smje\u0161taj servera (klikom \u0107e se slika otvoriti u punoj veli\u010dini)<\/i><\/p>\n

Sumnjivi hostovi otkriveni su kod svakog od sedam testiranih pru\u017eatelja. Istra\u017eiva\u010di su tra\u017eili komentare od tvrtki, ali su sve odbile razgovarati.
\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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