{"id":34324,"date":"2019-10-31T21:57:38","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:57:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/namechena-bolshaya-chistka-standartnoj-biblioteki-python\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:57:38","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:57:38","slug":"namechena-bolshaya-chistka-standartnoj-biblioteki-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/namechena-bolshaya-chistka-standartnoj-biblioteki-python","title":{"rendered":"Planira se velika \u010distka standardne biblioteke Python.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Razvija\u010di projekta Python objavili<\/a><\/noindex> predlo\u017eeni su (PEP 594) za zna\u010dajno \u010di\u0161\u0107enje standardne biblioteke. Za uklanjanje iz standardne biblioteke Python predlo\u017eene su kako o\u010digledno zastarele i usko specijalizovane funkcionalnosti, tako i komponente koje imaju arhitektonske probleme i koje se ne mogu unificirati za sve platforme. <\/p>\n

Na primjer, iz standardne biblioteke je predlo\u017eeno isklju\u010diti module kao \u0161to su crypt (nedostupnost za Windows i zavisnost dostupnosti algoritama hashiranja od sistemskih biblioteka), cgi (neoptimalna arhitektura, potrebna je pokretanje novog procesa za svakog zahtjeva), imp (preporu\u010duje se kori\u0161tenje importlib), pipes (preporu\u010duje se kori\u0161tenje modula subprocess), nis (preporu\u010duje se kori\u0161tenje NSS, LDAP ili Kerberos\/GSSAPI), spwd (nije preporu\u010dljivo direktno raditi s bazom podataka korisni\u010dkih ra\u010duna). Tako\u0111er su ozna\u010deni za uklanjanje moduli binhex, uu, xdrlib,
\n aifc,
\n audioop,
\n chunk,
\n imghdr,
\n ossaudiodev,
\n sndhdr,
\n sunau,
\n asynchat,
\n asyncore,
\n cgitb,
\n smtpd,
\n nntplib, macpath,
\n formatter, msilib i parser.<\/p>\n

Prema predlo\u017eenom planu u Python 3.8, navedeni moduli \u0107e biti ozna\u010deni kao zastarjeli, a u Python 3.8 po\u010deti \u0107e se ispisivati upozorenje, dok \u0107e u Python 3.10 biti uklonjeni iz repozitorija CPython.
\n Modul parser planira se ukloniti u verziji 3.9, jer je ozna\u010den kao zastareo jo\u0161 u izdanju Python 2.5, dok \u0107e se modul macpath ukloniti u ogranku 3.8. Nakon uklanjanja iz glavnog sastava, kod \u0107e biti preba\u010den u poseban repozitorij legacylib i njegova sudbina \u0107e zavisiti od interesa predstavnika zajednice. O\u010dekuje se da \u0107e ogranak Python 3.9 biti podr\u017ean do 2026. godine, \u0161to \u0107e omogu\u0107iti dovoljno vremena za prebacivanje projekata na vanjske alternative.<\/p>\n

Prvobitno su za uklanjanje tako\u0111er bili predlo\u017eeni moduli ftplib, optparse, getopt, colorsys, fileinput, lib2to3 i wave, ali je odlu\u010deno da ih se za sada zadr\u017ei u sastavu standardne biblioteke, jer su \u0161iroko rasprostranjeni i ostaju relevantni, uprkos postojanju savr\u0161enijih alternativa ili vezanosti za specifi\u010dne mogu\u0107nosti operativnih sistema.<\/p>\n

Podsjetimo, da se u prvotnom projektu Python koristi pristup «baterije dolaze u paketu», pri \u010demu se u standardnoj biblioteci nudi opse\u017ean skup funkcija za razli\u010dite oblasti primene. Me\u0111u prednostima takvog pristupa — pojednostavljenje odr\u017eavanja projekata na Pythonu i pra\u0107enje sigurnosti kori\u0161\u0107enih modula u projektima. Ranljivosti u modulima \u010desto postaju izvor ranjivosti u aplikacijama koje ih koriste. U slu\u010daju da funkcije budu deo standardne biblioteke, dovoljno je kontrolisati stanje osnovnog projekta. Kada se standardna biblioteka razdvaja, programerima je potrebno da koriste spoljne module, \u010dije ranjivosti treba posebno pratiti. Pri visokom stepenu fragmentacije i velikom broju zavisnosti, nastaje pretnja od napada putem kompromitacije infrastrukture programerskih modula.<\/p>\n

S druge strane, svaki dodatni modul u standardnoj biblioteci zahtijeva resurse od tima programera Pythona za odr\u017eavanje. U biblioteci se nakupilo veliki broj dupliciraju\u0107ih i suvi\u0161nih funkcija, \u010dijim isklju\u010divanjem se mo\u017ee smanjiti tro\u0161ak odr\u017eavanja. Kako se katalog razvija PyPI<\/a><\/noindex> i pojednostavljuje proces instalacije i u\u010ditavanja dodatnih paketa, kori\u0161tenje vanjskih modula postalo je jednako uobi\u010dajeno kao i kori\u0161tenje ugra\u0111enih funkcija. <\/p>\n

Sve vi\u0161e razvojnih programera koristi funkcionalnije vanjske zamjene za standardne module, na primjer, koriste modul lxml umjesto xml. Uklanjanje zaboravljenih modula iz standardne biblioteke omogu\u0107it \u0107e pove\u0107anje popularnosti aktivno razvijanih alternativa unutar zajednice. Osim toga, smanjenje standardne biblioteke dovest \u0107e do smanjenja veli\u010dine osnovnog paketa, \u0161to je va\u017eno kada se koristi Python na ugra\u0111enim platformama s ograni\u010denjem prostora za pohranu.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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