{"id":35410,"date":"2019-10-31T22:04:10","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/cloudflare-predstavil-raspredelyonnyj-generator-sluchajnyh-chisel\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:04:10","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:10","slug":"cloudflare-predstavil-raspredelyonnyj-generator-sluchajnyh-chisel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/cloudflare-predstavil-raspredelyonnyj-generator-sluchajnyh-chisel","title":{"rendered":"Cloudflare je predstavio distribuirani generator slu\u010dajnih brojeva","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tvrtka Cloudflare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/league-of-entropy\/\">predstavila<\/a><\/noindex> usluga <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cloudflare.com\/leagueofentropy\/\">League of Entropy<\/a><\/noindex>, za osiguranje \u010dijeg rada je formiran konzorcij vode\u0107ih organizacija zainteresiranih za pru\u017eanje kvalitetnih slu\u010dajnih brojeva. Za razliku od postoje\u0107ih centraliziranih sustava, League of Entropy se ne oslanja na jedan izvor i koristi entropiju za generiranje slu\u010dajne sekvencije, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/inside-the-entropy\/\">dobivenu<\/a><\/noindex> iz nekoliko me\u0111usobno nepovezanih generatora koje kontroliraju razli\u010diti sudionici projekta. Zahvaljuju\u0107i distribuiranoj prirodi projekta, kompromitacija ili falsificiranje jednog ili dva izvora ne\u0107e dovesti do kompromitacije kona\u010dnog slu\u010dajnog broja. <\/p>\n<p>Va\u017eno je napomenuti da generirani slu\u010dajni brojevi pripadaju kategoriji javno dostupnih sekvencija koje se ne mogu koristiti za generiranje \u0161ifriranih klju\u010deva i u podru\u010djima gdje bi slu\u010dajni brojevi trebali ostati tajni. Usluga je usmjerena na pru\u017eanje slu\u010dajnih brojeva koji se ne mogu unaprijed predvidjeti, a nakon generiranja ti brojevi postaju javno dostupni, uklju\u010duju\u0107i provjeru autenti\u010dnosti pro\u0161lih slu\u010dajnih vrijednosti. <\/p>\n<p>Javni slu\u010dajni brojevi generiraju se svakih 60 sekundi. Svaki broj povezan je sa svojim rednim brojem (round), prema kojem se u bilo kojem trenutku i s bilo kojeg sudjeluju\u0107eg servera mo\u017ee dobiti nekad generirana vrijednost. Takvi slu\u010dajni brojevi mogu se primjenjivati u distribuiranim sustavima, kriptovalutama i blockchainima, gdje razli\u010diti \u010dvorovi moraju imati pristup jedinstvenom generatoru slu\u010dajnih brojeva (npr. pri formiranju dokaza izvr\u0161enog posla), kao i prilikom odr\u017eavanja razli\u010ditih lutrija i za formiranje slu\u010dajnih uzoraka tijekom audita izbora.<\/p>\n<p>Za rad s uslugom i za postavljanje vlastitih \u010dvorova <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/developers.cloudflare.com\/randomness-beacon\/about\/\">predlo\u017een<\/a><\/noindex> alat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/dedis\/drand\">Drand<\/a><\/noindex>, napisan u programskom jeziku Go i dostupan pod MIT licencom. Drand se izvr\u0161ava kao pozadinski proces koji se povezuje s vanjskim generatorima koji sudjeluju u distribuiranoj mre\u017ei i kolektivno formira agregiranu slu\u010dajnu vrijednost. Agregirana vrijednost generira se kori\u0161tenjem metoda <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Threshold_cryptosystem\">pragovne kriptografije<\/a><\/noindex> i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pairing-based_cryptography\">bilelinarne povezanosti<\/a><\/noindex>. Generacija agregirane slu\u010dajne vrijednosti mo\u017ee se izvesti na korisni\u010dkom sustavu bez uklju\u010divanja centraliziranih agregatora.<\/p>\n<p>Drand se tako\u0111er mo\u017ee koristiti za isporuku lokalno generiranih privatnih slu\u010dajnih brojeva klijentima. Za prijenos slu\u010dajnog broja koristi se shema \u0161ifriranja ECIES, u kojoj klijent generira privatni i javni klju\u010d. Javni klju\u010d se \u0161alje serveru s Drandom. Slu\u010dajni broj se \u0161ifrira pomo\u0107u tog javnog klju\u010da i mo\u017ee ga vidjeti samo klijent koji posjeduje privatni klju\u010d. Za pristup serverima mo\u017ee se koristiti alat \u201edrand\u201c (na primjer, \u201edrand get public group.toml\u201c, gdje group.toml sadr\u017ei popis \u010dvorova za upit) ili Web API (na primjer, mo\u017ee se koristiti \u201ecurl https:\/\/drand.cloudflare.com\/api\/public\u201c ili pozvati iz JavaScripta pomo\u0107u biblioteke <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/PizzaWhisperer\/drandjs\">DrandJS<\/a><\/noindex>). Metapodaci zahtjeva \u0161alju se u TOML formatu, a odgovor se daje u JSON-u.<\/p>\n<p>Trenutno se inicijativi League of Entropy pridru\u017eilo pet tvrtki i organizacija koje su omogu\u0107ile pristup svojim generatorima entropije. Sudionici uklju\u010deni u projekt nalaze se u razli\u010ditim zemljama i koriste razli\u010dite metode za dobivanje entropije:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Cloudflare, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/lavarand-in-production-the-nitty-gritty-technical-details\/\">LavaRand<\/a><\/noindex>, slu\u010dajne vrijednosti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/lavarand-in-production-the-nitty-gritty-technical-details\/\">formiraju se<\/a><\/noindex> temeljene na nepredvidivim tokovima teku\u0107ine u <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0\">lava lampama<\/a><\/noindex>, \u010dije slike slu\u017ee kao ulazna entropija za CSPRNG (kriptografski siguran pseudorandom generator brojeva);\n<li class=\"l\"> EPFL (\u0160vicarski federativni politehni\u010dki institut u Lozani), URand,<br \/>\nkoristi standardni lokalni generator \/dev\/urandom, koji kao izvore entropije koristi unos s tipkovnice, pokret mi\u0161a, prometne tokove itd.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u010cileansko sveu\u010dili\u0161te, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/random.uchile.cl\/en\/\">UChile<\/a><\/noindex>, koristi mre\u017eu seizmi\u010dkih senzora kao izvor entropije, kao i podatke iz radijskog spektra, aktivnosti na Twitteru, promjena u blockchainu Ethereum i doma\u0107i hardverski RNG generator;\n<li class=\"l\"> Kudelski Security, ChaChaRand, pru\u017ea CRNG (kriptografski generator slu\u010dajnih brojeva) temeljen na upotrebi \u0161ifri ChaCha20;\n<li class=\"l\"> Protocol Labs, InterplanetaryRand, slu\u010dajni podaci se izvode iz priklju\u010daka za \u0161umove i kombiniraju s Linux PRNG i ugra\u0111enim generatorom pseudolosnih brojeva u CPU-u.\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trenutno je od strane neovisnih sudionika pokrenuto 8 javnih pristupnih to\u010daka za API, preko kojih se mo\u017ee saznati trenuta\u010dni zbirni slu\u010dajni broj (na primjer, \u201ecurl https:\/\/drand.cloudflare.com\/api\/public\u201c), kao i odrediti vrijednost u odre\u0111enom trenutku u pro\u0161losti (\u201ecurl https:\/\/drand.cloudflare.com\/api\/public?round=1234\u201c):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.cloudflare.com:443\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/random.uchile.cl:8080\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.cothority.net:7003\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.kudelskisecurity.com:443\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.lbarman.ch:443\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.nikkolasg.xyz:8888\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.protocol.ai:8080\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.zerobyte.io:8888\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Izvor: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50892\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Cloudflare \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 League of Entropy, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0443\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c League of Entropy \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044e, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35410","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Cloudflare \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/cloudflare-predstavil-raspredelyonnyj-generator-sluchajnyh-chisel\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO 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