{"id":35905,"date":"2019-10-31T22:07:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-podgotovit-sajt-k-bolshim-nagruzkam-5-prakticheskih-sovetov-i-poleznye-instrumenty\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:07:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:07:29","slug":"kak-podgotovit-sajt-k-bolshim-nagruzkam-5-prakticheskih-sovetov-i-poleznye-instrumenty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-podgotovit-sajt-k-bolshim-nagruzkam-5-prakticheskih-sovetov-i-poleznye-instrumenty","title":{"rendered":"Kako pripremiti web stranicu za velike optere\u0107enja: 5 prakti\u010dnih savjeta i korisnih alata","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kako<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Korisnici jako ne vole kada \u017eeljeni online resurs \u201esporije radi\u201c. Podaci anketa<\/a><\/noindex> pokazuju da 57% korisnika napusti web stranicu ako se u\u010ditava du\u017ee od tri sekunde, dok je 47% spremno \u010dekati samo dvije sekunde. Ka\u0161njenje od jedne sekunde mo\u017ee uzrokovati gubitak od 7% konverzije i 16% smanjenje zadovoljstva korisnika.<\/p>\n

Stoga se treba pripremiti za pove\u0107anje optere\u0107enja i nagle skokove prometa. Danas \u0107emo razgovarati o tome kako to u\u010diniti.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Napomena<\/b>: materijal nije namijenjen guruima sustava, ve\u0107 vi\u0161e vlasnicima poslovnih web stranica, pa ima vi\u0161e pregledni karakter.<\/p>\n

1. Koristite caching<\/h2>\n

\n\u0160to vi\u0161e sadr\u017eaja na web sajtu mo\u017eete ke\u0161irati, kako ne bi ponovo u\u010ditavali svaki put kada korisnik otvori stranicu \u2013 to je bolje. Obi\u010dno je zna\u010dajan dio sadr\u017eaja stati\u010dan i ne treba ga stalno ponovo u\u010ditavati. Caching je posebno va\u017ean tijekom naglih skokova prometa i mo\u017ee ne samo pomo\u0107i ubrzati web sajt, ve\u0107 i u\u0161tedjeti.<\/p>\n

Ako imate jednostavan sajt, na primjer na WordPressu, bit \u0107e odli\u010dni ke\u0161iraju\u0107i dodaci, kao \u0161to su Cache Enabler<\/a><\/noindex> ili Cachify<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

2. Obra\u0111ujte samo korisni promet<\/h2>\n

\nPo podacima<\/a><\/noindex> istra\u017eivanja pokazuju da gotovo 40% cjelokupnog prometa na dana\u0161njem internetu generiraju botovi. Botovi mogu biti i dobri \u2013 poput crawlera pretra\u017eiva\u010da \u2013 i lo\u0161i. U ovu drugu kategoriju spadaju razli\u010diti parseri koji analiziraju i prikupljaju podatke. <\/p>\n

U segmentu korporativnog interneta situacija je jo\u0161 gora \u2013 ovdje udio lo\u0161eg bot prometa mo\u017ee prema\u0161iti<\/a><\/noindex> 42%. Za tvrtke je to lo\u0161e iz dva razloga. Prvo, lo\u0161i botovi mogu biti pokrenuti od strane konkurenata kako bi ukrali sadr\u017eaj ili prikupili va\u017ene poslovne podatke; drugo, bot promet stvara zna\u010dajno dodatno optere\u0107enje na infrastrukturu.<\/p>\n

Re\u0161enje za problem i smanjenje optere\u0107enja na web stranicu poma\u017eu sustavi filtracije, ali za njihovo ispravno funkcioniranje potrebno je kalibrirati ih individualno za svaku web stranicu. Za to se bot promet mo\u017ee simulirati. Odli\u010dan alat za simulaciju takvog optere\u0107enja su servisi, poput Infatica<\/a><\/noindex>, koji omogu\u0107uju iznajmljivanje rezidentnih proxyja.<\/p>\n

Mnogi moderni botovi koriste rezidentne IP adrese, \u0161to zna\u010di da \u0107e za kvalitetno testiranje biti potrebno veliko mno\u017estvo takvih adresa.<\/p>\n

3. Uravnote\u017eite optere\u0107enje<\/h2>\n

\nIstra\u017eite dostupne opcije alata za uravnote\u017eenje optere\u0107enja. Postoje tri tipa takvih re\u0161enja \u2013 hardverski, obla\u010dni i softverski uravnote\u017eiva\u010di. <\/p>\n

Sa velikom verovatno\u0107om, \u2018hardverske\u2019 opcije \u0107e se pokazati vrlo skupima za mala preduze\u0107a ili osniva\u010de startupa, pa \u0107emo se fokusirati na preostale dve opcije.<\/p>\n

Me\u0111u popularnim obla\u010dnim alatima mo\u017eemo spomenuti Cloudflare<\/a><\/noindex> \u2013 \u010desto ih koriste kompanije koje se suo\u010davaju s problemima zbog skokova u saobra\u0107aju. Od softverskih opcija, mo\u017eemo istaknuti Neutrino<\/a><\/noindex>, ozbiljne mogu\u0107nosti uravnote\u017eenja optere\u0107enja su ugra\u0111ene u web server Nginx<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

4. Optimizujte isporuku sadr\u017eaja<\/h2>\n

\nJo\u0161 jedan korak koji mo\u017ee biti koristan u trenutku pove\u0107ane mre\u017ene aktivnosti je kori\u0161\u0107enje CDN-a ili mre\u017ee za isporuku sadr\u017eaja. U su\u0161tini, to je skup servera \u0161irom sveta koji se mogu koristiti za isporuku sadr\u017eaja korisniku najoptimalnijim putem.<\/p>\n

Obi\u010dno je sadr\u017eaj sajta sme\u0161ten na nekom glavnom serveru na jednoj lokaciji, pa kada dolaze zahtevi iz razli\u010ditih mesta, odgovori mogu stizati korisnicima nejednako \u2013 \u0161to deluje kao ka\u0161njenje. \u0160to je korisnik dalje od servera sa sajtom, du\u017ee mora \u010dekati na odgovor.<\/p>\n

CDN umesto toga ke\u0161ira fajlove na razli\u010ditim serverima i \u201euzima\u201c ih za isporuku korisniku sa najbli\u017eeg servera u mre\u017ei. To omogu\u0107ava formiranje prilago\u0111ene rute isporuke za svakog korisnika i znatno ubrzava celokupni rad sistema. <\/p>\n

Po vezi<\/a><\/noindex> mo\u017eete prona\u0107i celu listu CDN-ova koji su pogodna za kori\u0161\u0107enje sa veb sajtovima.<\/p>\n

5. Koristite kompresiju<\/h2>\n

\nKompresija fajlova je jo\u0161 jedan alat za ubrzavanje u\u010ditavanja sajta. Mnoge visoko optere\u0107ene platforme uklju\u010duju Gzip kompresiju<\/a><\/noindex> kako bi smanjile veli\u010dinu fajlova sajta za preuzimanje i prenos.<\/p>\n

Gzip funkcionira na sljede\u0107i na\u010din \u2013 alat tra\u017ei ponavljaju\u0107e retke u datoteci i zamjenjuje drugi od njih pokaziva\u010dem na prethodni redak. Kada preglednik raspakira dobivenu datoteku, prolazi kroz retke u njoj, \u010dita pokaziva\u010d i prikazuje \"uklonjeni\" sadr\u017eaj. Na taj na\u010din mo\u017ee se smanjiti ukupna te\u017eina datoteka do 70%. Neki pru\u017eatelji usluga hostinga uklju\u010duju Gzip kompresiju prema zadanim postavkama, ali je bolje provjeriti ovu postavku ru\u010dno.
\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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