{"id":36155,"date":"2019-10-31T22:09:53","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kachestvo-dannyh-v-hranilishhe\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:09:53","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:53","slug":"kachestvo-dannyh-v-hranilishhe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kachestvo-dannyh-v-hranilishhe","title":{"rendered":"Kvaliteta podataka u skladi\u0161tu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kvaliteta podataka u skladi\u0161tu va\u017ena je precondition za dobivanje vrijednih informacija. Lo\u0161a kvaliteta dovodi do negativnih posljedica na du\u017ei rok.<br \/>\nPrvo se gubi povjerenje u pru\u017eene informacije. Ljudi po\u010dinju manje koristiti aplikacije Business Intelligence, a potencijal tih aplikacija ostaje neiskori\u0161ten.<br \/>\nKao rezultat toga, dovode se u pitanje budu\u0107e investicije u analiti\u010dke projekte.<\/p>\n<h4>Odgovornost za kvalitetu podataka<\/h4>\n<p>\nAspekt koji se odnosi na pobolj\u0161anje kvalitete podataka izuzetno je va\u017ean u BI projektima. Me\u0111utim, on nije privilegija samo tehni\u010dkih stru\u010dnjaka.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nNa kvalitetu podataka utje\u010du tako\u0111er takvi aspekti kao<\/p>\n<p><b>Korporativna kultura<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Da li su sami radnici zainteresirani za proizvodnju dobre kvalitete?<\/li>\n<li>Ako nisu, za\u0161to? Mo\u017eda postoji sukob interesa.<\/li>\n<li>Postoji li mo\u017eda korporativna pravila koja odre\u0111uju odgovorne za kvalitetu?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Procesi<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Koji se podaci stvaraju na kraju ovih lanaca?<\/li>\n<li>Mo\u017eda su operativni sustavi pode\u0161eni tako da je potrebno \"prilagoditi\" se kako bi odra\u017eavali odre\u0111enu situaciju u stvarnosti.<\/li>\n<li>Provode li operativni sustavi sami provjeru i uskla\u0111ivanje podataka?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZa kvalitetu podataka u izvje\u0161tajnim sustavima odgovorni su svi u organizaciji.<\/p>\n<h4>Definicija i zna\u010denje<\/h4>\n<p>\nKvalitet je potvr\u0111ena satisfakcija o\u010dekivanja klijenta.<\/p>\n<p>No kvaliteta podataka ne sadr\u017ei samu definiciju. Ona uvijek odra\u017eava kontekst kori\u0161tenja. Skladi\u0161te podataka i BI sustav imaju razli\u010dite ciljeve od operativnog sustava iz kojeg su podaci preuzeti.<\/p>\n<p>Na primjer, u operativnom sustavu atribut klijenta mo\u017ee biti neobavezno polje. U skladi\u0161tu se taj atribut mo\u017ee koristiti kao mjera, a njegovo popunjavanje je obavezno. To, pak, uvodi potrebu za popunjavanjem vrijednostima po zadanom.<\/p>\n<p>Zahtjevi za skladi\u0161te podataka stalno se mijenjaju i obi\u010dno su vi\u0161i nego za operativne sustave. No mo\u017ee biti i obrnuto, kada skladi\u0161tu nije potrebno pohranjivati detaljne informacije iz operativnog sustava.<\/p>\n<p>Kako bi kvaliteta podataka bila mjerljiva, potrebno je definirati njezine standarde. Osobe koje koriste informacije i brojke za svoj rad trebaju biti uklju\u010dene u proces njihove definicije. Rezultat te uklju\u010denosti mo\u017ee biti pravilo koje omogu\u0107ava da se jednim pogledom na tablicu uo\u010di postoji li gre\u0161ka ili ne. To pravilo treba oblikovati u obliku skripte\/koda za daljnju provjeru.<\/p>\n<h4>Unapre\u0111enje kvalitete podataka<\/h4>\n<p>\nNemogu\u0107e je o\u010distiti i ispraviti sve hipotetske gre\u0161ke tijekom u\u010ditavanja podataka u skladi\u0161te. Dobre kvalitete podataka mo\u017ee se posti\u0107i samo kroz blisku suradnju svih sudionika. Osobe koje unose podatke u operativne sustave trebaju saznati koji postupci dovode do gre\u0161aka.<\/p>\n<p>Kvaliteta podataka je proces. Na\u017ealost, u mnogim organizacijama ne postoji strategija za njezino stalno pobolj\u0161anje. Mnogi se ograni\u010davaju samo na pohranu podataka i ne koriste sav potencijal analiti\u010dkih sustava. Obi\u010dno, prilikom razvoja skladi\u0161ta podataka, 70-80% prora\u010duna ide na implementaciju integracije podataka. Proces kontrole i pobolj\u0161anja ostaje nedovr\u0161en, ako uop\u0107e i ostane.<\/p>\n<h4>Alati<\/h4>\n<p>\nPrimjena softverskih alata mo\u017ee pomo\u0107i u procesu automatizacije pobolj\u0161anja i pra\u0107enja kvalitete podataka. Na primjer, njima se mo\u017ee potpuno automatizirati tehni\u010dka provjera struktura skladi\u0161ta: format polja, postojanje vrijednosti prema zadanim postavkama, uskla\u0111enost s zahtjevima naziva polja tablica.<\/p>\n<p>Te\u017ee mo\u017ee biti s provjerom sadr\u017eaja. Kako se zahtjevi za skladi\u0161tem mijenjaju, mo\u017ee se promijeniti i interpretacija podataka. Alat sam po sebi mo\u017ee postati ogroman projekt koji zahtijeva podr\u0161ku.<\/p>\n<h4>Savjet<\/h4>\n<p>\nRelacijske baze podataka, u kojima se obi\u010dno projektiraju skladi\u0161ta, imaju izvanrednu mogu\u0107nost kreiranja prikaza (view-ova). Oni se mogu koristiti za brzu provjeru podataka, ako su poznate specifi\u010dnosti sadr\u017eaja. Svaki slu\u010daj pronalaska gre\u0161ke ili problema u podacima mo\u017ee se zabilje\u017eiti kao upit u bazi podataka.<\/p>\n<p>Na taj na\u010din \u0107e se formirati baza znanja o sadr\u017eaju. Naravno, takvi zahtjevi moraju biti brzi. Obi\u010dno, odr\u017eavanje prikaza traje manje ljudskog vremena nego alati organizirani u tablicama. Prikaz je uvijek spreman da prika\u017ee rezultat provjere.<br \/>\nU slu\u010daju va\u017enih izvje\u0161taja, prikaz mo\u017ee sadr\u017eavati kolonu s adresatom. Ima smisla koristiti iste BI alate za izradu izvje\u0161taja o stanju kvalitete podataka u skladi\u0161tu.<\/p>\n<h4>Primjer<\/h4>\n<p>\nUpit je napisan za Oracle bazu. U ovom primjeru, testovi vra\u0107aju numeri\u010dku vrijednost koja se mo\u017ee interpretirati na potreban na\u010din. Vrijednosti T_MIN i T_MAX mogu regulirati stupanj uzbune. Polje REPORT nekada je kori\u0161teno kao poruka u komercijalnom ETL proizvodu, koji nije znao dostojno slati e-mailove, pa je rpad \u2013 to je \"fix\".<\/p>\n<p>U slu\u010daju velike tablice, mo\u017ee se dodati, na primjer, AND ROWNUM &lt;= 10, tj. ako se prikupilo 10 gre\u0161aka, to je dovoljno za uzbunu.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"sql\">CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW V_QC_DIM_PRODUCT_01 AS\nSELECT\n  CASE WHEN OUTPUT &gt;= T_MIN AND OUTPUT &lt;= T_MAX\n  THEN &#039;OK&#039; ELSE &#039;ERROR&#039; END AS RESULT,\n  DESCRIPTION,\n  TABLE_NAME, \n  OUTPUT, \n  T_MIN,\n  T_MAX,\n  rpad(DESCRIPTION, 60, &#039; &#039;) || rpad(OUTPUT, 8, &#039; &#039;) || rpad(T_MIN, 8, &#039; &#039;) || rpad(T_MAX, 8, &#039; &#039;) AS REPORT\nFROM (-- Test itself\n  SELECT\n    &#039;DIM_PRODUCT&#039; AS TABLE_NAME,\n    &#039;Count of blanks&#039; AS DESCRIPTION,\n    COUNT(*) AS OUTPUT,\n    0 AS T_MIN,\n    10 AS T_MAX\n  FROM DIM_PRODUCT\n  WHERE DIM_PRODUCT_ID != -1 -- not default value\n  AND ATTRIBUTE IS NULL ); -- count blanks\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<i>U publikaciji su kori\u0161teni materijali iz knjige<br \/>\nRonald Bachmann, Dr. Guido Kemper<br \/>\nIzlazak iz BI zamke<br \/>\nKako Business Intelligence postaje uspjeh<\/i><br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/459682\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0435 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\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442. \u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0410\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36155","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.\" \/>\n\t<meta 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