{"id":36722,"date":"2019-10-31T22:13:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/raznitsa-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:13:23","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:23","slug":"raznitsa-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/raznitsa-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","title":{"rendered":"Razlika izme\u0111u bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

30. studenog 2010. David Collier je pisao:<\/i><\/p>\n

Primijetio sam da su u busyboxu linkovi raspore\u0111eni po ovim \u010detiri direktorija.
\nPostoji li neko jednostavno pravilo za odre\u0111ivanje u kojem direktoriju koji od linkova treba biti\u2026
\nNa primjer, kill se nalazi u \/bin, a killall u \/usr\/bin\u2026 Ne vidim nikakvu logiku u toj podjeli.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nVjerojatno znate da su Ken Thompson i Dennis Ritchie kreirali Unix na PDP-7 1969. godine. Nakon toga, otprilike 1971. nadogradili su na PDP-11 s par diskova RK05 (po 1,5 megabajta svaki).<\/p>\n

Kada je operacijski sustav postao prevelik i vi\u0161e nije stajao na prvom disku (gdje je bio smje\u0161ten korijenski FS), prenijeli su dio na drugi, gdje su se nalazili korisni\u010dki direktoriji (zbog \u010dega je to\u010dka montiranja nazvana \/usr \u2014 od rije\u010di user). Tamo su duplicirali sve potrebne direktorije OS-a (\/bin, \/sbin, \/lib, \/tmp ...) i pohranjivali datoteke na novi disk, jer je starom ponestalo mjesta. Kasnije im je do\u0161ao tre\u0107i disk, montirali su ga u direktorij \/home i premjestili korisni\u010dke direktorije tamo, kako bi OS mogao iskoristiti cijeli preostali prostor na dva diska, a to su bili \u010ditava tri megabajta<\/b> (wow!).<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Naravno, morali su uvesti pravilo da \"kada se operativni sustav u\u010ditava, mora imati mogu\u0107nost montiranja drugog diska u direktorij \/usr, pa ne treba stavljati programe poput mount na drugi disk u \/usr, ina\u010de \u0107emo imati problem koko\u0161ke i jajeta\". Tako jednostavno. I to se odnosilo na Unix V6 prije 35 godina.<\/p>\n

Podjela \/bin i \/usr\/bin (i svih sli\u010dnih direktorija) je posljedica tih doga\u0111aja, detalj implementacije iz 70-ih, koji se i dalje, tijekom desetlje\u0107a, kopira od strane birokrata. Nikada nisu postavljali pitanje za\u0161to<\/i>, jednostavno su to radili. Ova podjela izgubila je smisao jo\u0161 prije nego \u0161to je Linux nastao, iz nekoliko razloga:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Tijekom u\u010ditavanja koristi se initrd ili initramfs, koji preuzima probleme poput \"ova datoteka nam treba ranije od one druge\". Tako da imamo ve\u0107<\/i> privremeni datote\u010dni sustav koji se koristi za u\u010ditavanje svega ostalog. <\/li>\n
  2. Dijeljene biblioteke (koje su dodali de\u010dki iz Berkleyja u Unix) ne dopu\u0161taju vam da neovisno mijenjate sadr\u017eaj \/lib i \/usr\/lib. Ova dva dijela moraju biti uskla\u0111ena, ina\u010de ne\u0107e raditi. To se nije doga\u0111alo 1974. godine, jer su tada imali odre\u0111enu neovisnost zbog stati\u010dkog povezivanja. <\/li>\n
  3. Jeftini tvrdi diskovi su pre\u0161li granicu od 100 megabajta negdje 1990. godine, i otprilike u isto vrijeme su se pojavili programi za promjenu veli\u010dine particija (Partition Magic 3.0 je iza\u0161ao 1997. godine). <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nNaravno, s obzirom na to da postoji razdvajanje, neki su ljudi smislili pravila koja ga opravdavaju. Na primjer, korijenski dio je potreban za razne zajedni\u010dke stvari OS-a, a u \/usr treba staviti svoje lokalne datoteke. Ili se u \/ stavlja ono \u0161to distribuira AT&T, a u \/usr \u2014 ono \u0161to je tvoj distribucijski paket, IBM AIX, ili Dec Ultrix, ili SGI Irix dodao, dok u \/usr\/local le\u017ee datoteke specifi\u010dne za tvoj sustav. A onda je netko odlu\u010dio da \/usr\/local nije prikladno mjesto za instalaciju novog softvera, pa hajde da dodamo \/opt! Ne\u0107u se iznenaditi ako se pojavi jo\u0161 i \/opt\/local...<\/p>\n

    Naravno, tokom 30 godina zbog ove podjele su se javljala i nestajala razna interesantna pravila specifi\u010dna za pojedine distribucije. Na primjer, \u201e\/tmp se \u010disti prilikom ponovnog pokretanja, a \/usr\/tmp \u2013 ne\u201c. (I u Ubuntu \/usr\/tmp ne postoji uop\u0107e, dok je u Gentoo \/usr\/tmp simboli\u010dka veza na \/var\/tmp, na koji se sada ovo pravilo primjenjuje i ne \u010disti se pri ponovnom pokretanju. Da, sve je to bilo prije tmpfs-a. A tako\u0111e se doga\u0111a da je korijenska F\u0421 dostupna samo za \u010ditanje, i tada se u \/usr tako\u0111er ne treba pisati, ve\u0107 u \/var. Ili u \/ uglavnom<\/i> nije mogu\u0107e pisati, osim onoga \u0161to je u \/etc, koju su ponekad poku\u0161avali premjestiti u \/var...)<\/p>\n

    Birokrati kao \u0161to je Linux Foundation (koji su prije godina apsorbirali Free Standards Group tokom \u0161irenja) rado dokumentiraju i kompliciraju ova pravila, \u010dak i ne poku\u0161avaju\u0107i razumjeti za\u0161to su nastala. Ne shva\u0107aju da su Ken i Dennis jednostavno premjestili dio OS-a u svoju ku\u0107nu direktoriju, jer je disk RK05 na PDP-11 bio premalen.<\/p>\n

    U gotovo sam siguran da busybox jednostavno postavlja datoteke onako kako je to povijesno uspostavljeno. Nema stvarnog razloga da se to jo\u0161 uvijek radi na taj na\u010din. Osobno, jednostavno postavljam \/bin, \/sbin i \/lib kao poveznice na odgovaraju\u0107e direktorije u \/usr. Na kraju krajeva, ljudi koji rade s embedded softverom nastoje razumjeti i pojednostaviti\u2026
    \n
    Izvor:     habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    30 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2010 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0414\u044d\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0440 (David Collier) \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b: \u042f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 busybox \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c. \u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c\u2026 \u041a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443, kill \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \/bin, \u0430 killall \u2014 \u0432 \/usr\/bin\u2026 \u042f \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0436\u0443 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0412\u044b, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Razlika izme\u0111u bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin | ProHoster","description":"30. studenog 2010. David Collier je pisao: Primijetio sam da su u busyboxu povezane datoteke raspore\u0111ene u ova \u010detiri direktorija. Postoji li neko jednostavno pravilo da se odredi u koji.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/raznitsa-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"hr_HR","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin | ProHoster","og:description":"30 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2010 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0414\u044d\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0440 (David Collier) \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b: \u042f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 busybox \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c. \u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/raznitsa-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T19:13:23+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T19:13:23+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"36722","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-22 04:34:22","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 01:40:22","updated":"2026-01-22 04:34:22","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36722","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36722"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36722\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36722"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36722"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36722"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}