{"id":37082,"date":"2019-10-31T22:15:40","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:15:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/4-sposoba-sekonomit-na-bekapah-v-oblake\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:15:40","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:15:40","slug":"4-sposoba-sekonomit-na-bekapah-v-oblake","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/4-sposoba-sekonomit-na-bekapah-v-oblake","title":{"rendered":"4 na\u010dina za u\u0161tedu na oblak backupima","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"4
\nBackup virtual machines is an area that requires special attention when optimizing company costs. We explain how to configure cloud backups and save on budget.
\n<\/i><\/a><\/noindex>
\nDatabases are a valuable asset for any company. This is why virtual machines have become so popular. Users can work in a virtual environment that protects against physical data loss and leaks of confidential information. <\/p>\n

Most large and medium-sized companies depend on VMs in one way or another. They store a huge amount of critically important information. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that backups are created to avoid a situation where a long-valuable database suddenly becomes corrupted or inaccessible.<\/p>\n

Typically, companies create backups of their VMs and store them in separate data centers. If the primary data center fails, they can quickly recover from a backup. It is ideal when the backup is stored in different data centers, as is done by Cloud4Y<\/a><\/noindex>. However, most providers cannot offer such a service or charge extra for it. As a result, storing backups can turn out to be quite costly.<\/p>\n

However, sensible use of cloud capabilities can reduce financial pressure.<\/p>\n

Why cloud?<\/h2>\n

\nVM backups are conveniently stored on cloud platforms. There are numerous solutions on the market that simplify the process of backing up and restoring virtual machines. With their help, uninterrupted data recovery from virtual machines can be organized, ensuring stable operation of applications that rely on that data.<\/p>\n

The backup process can be automated depending on which files need to be saved and how frequently. The cloud has no rigid limits. A company can choose the functionality and performance that meet its business needs and pay only for the resources consumed. <\/p>\n

Lokalna infrastruktura nema takvu mogu\u0107nost. Pla\u0107a se odmah za svu opremu (\u010dak i onu koja ne radi), a ako se dogodi potreba za pove\u0107anjem performansi, treba kupiti vi\u0161e servera, \u0161to dovodi do pove\u0107anja tro\u0161kova. Cloud4Y nudi 4 na\u010dina za smanjenje tro\u0161kova rezervnog kopiranja baza podataka. <\/p>\n

Kako u\u0161tedjeti?<\/h2>\n

\nInkrementalno kopiranje<\/b><\/p>\n

Tvrtka bi trebala redovito praviti rezervne kopije kriti\u010dnih podataka. No, ti podaci s vremenom rastu. Kao rezultat, svaka sljede\u0107a sigurnosna kopija zauzima sve vi\u0161e prostora i tra\u017ei vi\u0161e vremena za pohranu. Mo\u017eete pojednostaviti postupak pohranjivanjem inkrementalnih rezervnih kopija.<\/p>\n

Inkrementalni pristup podrazumijeva da radite sigurnosnu kopiju samo jednom ili u odre\u0111enim vremenskim razmacima (ovisno o strategiji sigurnosnog kopiranja). Svaka sljede\u0107a sigurnosna kopija sadr\u017ei samo promjene unesene u izvornu sigurnosnu kopiju. Budu\u0107i da se sigurnosne kopije rade rje\u0111e i rezerviraju se samo nove promjene, organizacijama nije potrebno pla\u0107ati za prijenos velike koli\u010dine podataka u oblak.<\/p>\n

Ograni\u010dite datoteke ili particije za zamjensku pohranu<\/b><\/p>\n

Ponekad RAM virtualnog ra\u010dunala mo\u017ee biti nedovoljan za pohranu aplikacija i podataka OS-a. U tom slu\u010daju, OS koristi dio tvrdog diska za pohranu dodatnih podataka. Ovi podaci nazivaju se datotekom za zamjensku pohranu ili particijom za zamjensku pohranu u Windows-u i Linux-u.<\/p>\n

Op\u0107enito, datoteke za zamjensku pohranu su 1,5 puta ve\u0107e od RAM-a. Podaci u tim datotekama redovito se mijenjaju. I svaki put kada se napravi sigurnosna kopija, te se datoteke tako\u0111er rezerviraju. Stoga bi ih bilo najbolje isklju\u010diti iz sigurnosne kopije. Zauzimaju previ\u0161e prostora u oblaku, jer ih sustav sprema pri svakoj sigurnosnoj kopiji (datoteke se konstantno mijenjaju!). <\/p>\n

Uglavnom, su\u0161tina je raditi rezervnu kopiju samo onih podataka koji su zaista potrebni tvrtki. A one nepotrebne, poput datoteke za zamjensku pohranu, ne treba praviti rezervne kopije.<\/p>\n

Dupliciranje i arhiviranje rezervnih kopija<\/b><\/p>\n

Backupovi virtualnih strojeva zauzimaju zna\u010dajnu koli\u010dinu prostora, stoga je potrebno rezervirati vi\u0161e mjesta u \"oblaku\". Posljedi\u010dno, mogu\u0107e je u\u0161tedjeti smanjivanjem volumena rezervnih kopija. Tu mo\u017ee pomo\u0107i deduplifikacija. To je proces kopiranja samo izmijenjenih blokova podataka i zamjene kopija neizmijenjenih blokova s povezivanjem na izvorne blokove. Tako\u0111er je mogu\u0107e koristiti razne arhivatore za kompresiju kona\u010dne rezervne kopije kako bi se dodatno oslobodilo vi\u0161e prostora.<\/p>\n

Ova tema je posebno va\u017ena ako slijedite pravilo \"3-2-1\" u vezi s pohranom rezervnih kopija. Pravilo ka\u017ee da za osiguranje pouzdane pohrane podataka treba imati barem TRI rezervne kopije, pohranjene u DVA razli\u010dita formata pohrane, pri \u010demu JEDNA od kopija treba biti pohranjena izvan glavnog skladi\u0161ta.<\/p>\n

Ovaj princip osiguravanja otpornosti na kvarove podrazumijeva redundanciju pohrane podataka, stoga \u0107e smanjenje volumena sigurnosne kopije o\u010dito biti korisno.<\/p>\n

Politika pohrane GFS (Grandfather-Father-Son)<\/b><\/p>\n

Kako je organizirana procedura izrade i pohrane rezervnih kopija u ve\u0107ini tvrtki? Pa, nikako! Organizacije stvaraju rezervne kopije i... zaboravljaju na njih. Mjesecima, pa \u010dak i godinama. To dovodi do nepotrebnih tro\u0161kova za podatke koji nikada nisu kori\u0161teni. Najbolji na\u010din za rje\u0161avanje ovog problema je kori\u0161tenje politika pohrane. Ove politike odre\u0111uju koliko rezervnih kopija mo\u017ee istovremeno biti pohranjeno u oblaku. <\/p>\n

Najjednostavnija politika pohrane rezervnih kopija obja\u0161njava se principom \"prvi do\u0161ao - prvi oti\u0161ao\". Ovom politikom \u010duva se odre\u0111eni broj rezervnih kopija, a nakon dostizanja limita, najstarija se bri\u0161e kako bi se oslobodilo mjesto za najnoviju. No, ova strategija nije posve u\u010dinkovita, osobito ako je potrebno osigurati maksimalan broj to\u010daka oporavka s minimalnim mogu\u0107im kapacitetom pohrane. Osim toga, postoje zakonski i korporativni propisi koji zahtijevaju dugotrajnu pohranu podataka.<\/p>\n

Ovaj problem se mo\u017ee rije\u0161iti kori\u0161tenjem GFS politike (Djed-Otac-Sin). \"Sin\" predstavlja naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e rezervno kopiranje. Na primjer, svakodnevno. \"Djed\" je najrje\u0111e, na primjer, mjese\u010dno. I svaki put kada se kreira nova dnevna sigurnosna kopija, ona postaje sin tjedne sigurnosne kopije s prethodnog tjedna. Ovaj model daje kompaniji vi\u0161e to\u010daka oporavka s istim ograni\u010denim prostorom za pohranu.<\/p>\n

Ako je potrebno dugo pohranjivati informacije, a ima ih puno, ali se prakti\u010dki nikada ne tra\u017ee, mo\u017eete iskoristiti takozvano ice cold pohranu. Tro\u0161kovi pohrane podataka u njemu su mali, ali ako kompanija zahtijeva te podatke, morat \u0107e platiti. To je kao udaljena tamna ostava. Tamo se nalaze mnoge stvari kojima ni\u0161ta ne\u0107e biti ni nakon 10-20-50 godina. No, dok do\u0111ete do neke od njih, potro\u0161it \u0107ete puno vremena. U Cloud4Y su ovu pohranu nazvali \"Arhivski<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Zaklju\u010dak<\/h2>\n

\nSigurnosno kopiranje je obavezan element sigurnosti svake tvrtke. Pohranjivanje backup-a u oblaku vrlo je prikladno, ali ponekad usluga ko\u0161ta skuplje. Koriste\u0107i na\u010dine koje smo naveli, mo\u0107i \u0107ete smanjiti mjese\u010dne tro\u0161kove tvrtke.<\/p>\n

\u0160to jo\u0161 korisnog mo\u017eete pro\u010ditati na blogu Cloud4Y<\/b><\/p>\n

\u2192 5 opensource sustava za upravljanje sigurnosnim doga\u0111ajima<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 Pivski intelekt \u2014 AI osmi\u0161ljava pivo<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 \u0160to \u0107emo jesti 2050. godine<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 5 najboljih distribucija Kubernetes-a<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\u2192 Roboti i jagode: kako AI pove\u0107ava prinos na poljima<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pretplatite se na na\u0161 Telegram<\/a><\/noindex>-kanal, kako ne biste propustili novi \u010dlanak! Pi\u0161emo najvi\u0161e dva puta tjedno i samo po potrebi.
\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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