{"id":37708,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:14","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/frejmvork-dlya-napisaniya-zashhishhyonnyh-drajverov-dlya-yadra-linux-na-yazyke-rust\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:14","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:14","slug":"frejmvork-dlya-napisaniya-zashhishhyonnyh-drajverov-dlya-yadra-linux-na-yazyke-rust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/frejmvork-dlya-napisaniya-zashhishhyonnyh-drajverov-dlya-yadra-linux-na-yazyke-rust","title":{"rendered":"Okvir za pisanje sigurnih drajvera za Linux jezgro na jeziku Rust","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Josh Triplett, zaposlenik tvrtke Intel i \u010dlan odbora koji nadzire razvoj Crates.io, na svom je izlaganju na konferenciji Open Source Technology Summit predstavio<\/a><\/noindex> formirao radnu grupu usmjerenu na dovo\u0111enje jezika Rust do pariteta s jezikom C u podru\u010dju sistemskog programiranja. <\/p>\n

U radnoj grupi koja je u procesu osnivanja, programeri Rust-a, zajedno s in\u017eenjerima kompanije Intel, pripremaju specifikacije za odre\u0111ivanje funkcionalnosti koju je potrebno implementirati u Rust za sistemsko programiranje. Sistemsko programiranje \u010desto zahtijeva niskonivo manipulacije, poput izvr\u0161enja privilegiranih procesorskih instrukcija i dobivanja detaljnih informacija o stanju procesora. Od ve\u0107 razvijanih mogu\u0107nosti za Rust, nagla\u0161ava se podr\u0161ka za neimenovane strukture, unije (union), asembler ubacivanja (makros \u201easm!\u201c) i format brojeva s pomi\u010dnom zarezom BFLOAT16.<\/p>\n

Josh smatra da je budu\u0107nost sistemskog programiranja u Rustu, dok je jezik C u dana\u0161njim okolnostima li\u0161en pozicije koju je prije zauzimao Assembler. Rust
\nne samo da osloba\u0111a programere od problema inherentnih jeziku C koji proizlaze iz niskog nivoa rada s memorijom, ve\u0107 nudi i mogu\u0107nost primjene u razvoju modernih paradigmi programiranja.<\/p>\n

Tijekom rasprave<\/a><\/noindex> nastupa
\nJosh je iznosio ideju o dodavanju mogu\u0107nosti razvoja drajvera na jeziku Rust u Linux kernel, \u0161to \u0107e omogu\u0107iti stvaranje sigurnih i kvalitetnijih drajvera s minimalnim naporom, osloba\u0111aju\u0107i ih problema poput pristupanja memoriji nakon \u0161to je oslobo\u0111ena, dereferenciranja nulte pokaziva\u010de i prekora\u010denja granica bafera. <\/p>\n

Greg Kroah-Hartman, zadu\u017een za podr\u0161ku stabilnoj grani Linux kernela, izrazio je spremnost dodati framework za razvoj drajvera na jeziku Rust u kernel, ako \u0107e imati stvarne prednosti u odnosu na C, na primjer, pru\u017eanjem sigurnih omota preko kernel API-ja. Osim toga, Greg ovaj framework razmatra samo kao opciju, koja nije aktivna prema zadanim postavkama, kako ne bi uklju\u010dio Rust me\u0111u stvarala\u010dke ovisnosti kernela.<\/p>\n

Ispostavilo se da nekoliko timova ve\u0107 radi u ovom pravcu. Na primjer, programeri iz kompanije \u201eFish in a Barrel\u201c pripremili<\/a><\/noindex> alat za pisanje u\u010ditljivih modula za Linux jezgru u Rust jeziku, koriste\u0107i skup apstraktnih slojeva iznad su\u010delja i struktura jezgre za pobolj\u0161anje sigurnosti. Slojevi se automatski generiraju na temelju postoje\u0107ih zaglavlja jezgre pomo\u0107u alata bindgen<\/a><\/noindex>. Za izradu slojeva koristi se Clang. U\u010ditani moduli uz slojeve koriste paket staticlib.<\/p>\n

Paralelno razvija se<\/a><\/noindex> jo\u0161 jedan projekt, usmjeren na razvoj drajvera za ugra\u0111ene sisteme i ure\u0111aje interneta stvari, koji tako\u0111er koristi bindgen za generisanje slojeva na osnovu zaglavlja jezgra. Okvir omogu\u0107ava pobolj\u0161anje sigurnosti drajvera bez izmjene jezgra \u2014 umjesto stvaranja dodatnih nivoa izolacije unutar jezgra za drajvere, predla\u017ee se blokiranje problema u fazi kompajliranja, upotrebom sigurnijeg jezika Rust. O\u010dekuje se da bi sli\u010dan pristup mogao biti tra\u017een od strane proizvo\u0111a\u010da hardvera, koji razvijaju proprietarne drajvere u brzini bez provodjenja potrebnog audita.<\/p>\n

Nije sva zami\u0161ljena funkcionalnost jo\u0161 uvijek realizirana, ali okvir je ve\u0107 sasvim prikladan za rad i kori\u0161ten je za pisanje radnog drajvera za Ethernet kontroler LAN9512 USB, isporu\u010denog s plo\u010dicom Raspberry Pi 3. Kao referentna implementacija za pisanje Rust drajvera kori\u0161ten je postoje\u0107i drajver smsc95xx, napisan na jeziku C. Primije\u0107eno je da su veli\u010dina modula i tro\u0161kovi od runtime komponenata pri razvoju drajvera na Rust-u neznatni, \u0161to omogu\u0107uje kori\u0161tenje okvira za ure\u0111aje s ograni\u010denim resursima.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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