{"id":37847,"date":"2019-10-31T22:20:09","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:20:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-ya-proektiruyu-sks\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:20:09","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:20:09","slug":"kak-ya-proektiruyu-sks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ya-proektiruyu-sks","title":{"rendered":"Kako dizajniram strukturu kabela","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kako
\n
\nOvaj \u010dlanak je nastao kao odgovor na \u010dlanak \u00bbIdealna lokalna mre\u017ea\u00ab<\/a><\/noindex>. Ne sla\u017eem se s ve\u0107inom teza autora, i \u017eelim u ovom \u010dlanku ne samo ih opovrgnuti, ve\u0107 i iznijeti svoje teze koje \u0107u kasnije braniti u komentarima. Dalje \u0107u opisati nekoliko principa kojima se vodim pri projektiranju lokalne mre\u017ee bilo koje tvrtke.<\/p>\n

Prvi princip je \u2013 pouzdanost. Nepouzdana mre\u017ea uvijek \u0107e iza\u0107i skuplje zbog tro\u0161kova odr\u017eavanja, gubitaka tijekom zastoja i gubitaka od vanjskih ometanja. Oslanjaju\u0107i se na ovaj princip, uvijek projektiram glavnu mre\u017eu isklju\u010divo \u017ei\u010dano, a prema potrebi, dodatnu be\u017ei\u010dnu (gostuju\u0107a mre\u017ea ili mre\u017ea za mobilne terminale). Za\u0161to je be\u017ei\u010dna mre\u017ea manje pouzdana? Svaka be\u017ei\u010dna mre\u017ea ima niz problema s sigurno\u0161\u0107u, stabilno\u0161\u0107u i kompatibilno\u0161\u0107u. Previ\u0161e rizika za ozbiljnu kompaniju. <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pouzdanost tako\u0111er odre\u0111uje strukturu mre\u017ee. Topologija \u00abZvijezda\u00bb je ideal kojem treba te\u017eiti. \u00abZvijezda\u00bb smanjuje potreban broj switch-eva, broj ranjivih trunk linija i pojednostavljuje odr\u017eavanje. Koliko je lak\u0161e prona\u0107i problem u jednom switch-u nego u nekoliko razbacanih po uredima, kao \u0161to predla\u017ee autor prethodnog \u010dlanka. Nije bez razloga u upotrebi izraz \u00abzoo switch-eva\u00bb.<\/p>\n

No \u010desto se u praksi mora koristiti ili topologija \u00abfraktalna zvijezda\u00bb ili \u00abmje\u0161ovita topologija\u00bb. To je povezano s ograni\u010denjem udaljenosti od komunikacijskih ure\u0111aja do radne stanice. Upravo zato smatram da \u0107e opti\u010dke mre\u017ee s vremenom potpuno zamijeniti UTP.<\/p>\n

\"Kako
\n
\nAko nije mogu\u0107e smjestiti sve switch-eve na jednom mjestu, tada je bolje koristiti mje\u0161ovitu topologiju, budu\u0107i da \u0107e svi trunkovi i\u0107i razli\u010ditim rutama, \u0161to \u0107e smanjiti vjerojatnost istodobnog o\u0161te\u0107enja vi\u0161e glavnih linija. <\/p>\n

\u0160to se ti\u010de trunkova. Prekida\u010di povezani trunk linijama uvijek trebaju imati rezervni kanal, tako da u slu\u010daju o\u0161te\u0107enja jedne linije veza izme\u0111u \u010dvorova ostaje i nijedna veza ne\u0107e biti prekinuta. Mo\u017ee se polako zamijeniti o\u0161te\u0111eni kabel. Stoga se za trunkove, \u010dak i na malim udaljenostima, mogu koristiti br\u017ei i tanji opti\u010dki patchcord.<\/p>\n

Drugi princip izgradnje strukturne kabling (SKS) je racionalnost i prakti\u010dnost. Upravo racionalnost onemogu\u0107ava kori\u0161tenje 'moderne' optike za spajanje radnih stanica i drugih ure\u0111aja u mre\u017ei. Kao \u0161to je ispravno primijetio autor navedene \u010dlanka \u2013 na uvijenoj pari trenutno radi sve. To je vrlo prakti\u010dno. Dok na opti\u010dkim kanalima bez dodatnih ure\u0111aja jo\u0161 uvijek malo toga mo\u017ee raditi. A svako dodatno ure\u0111aj je ne samo ranjivost ve\u0107 i dodatni tro\u0161ak. Ipak, to je budu\u0107nost. Kad-tad, kada \u0107e gotovo svaki ure\u0111aj imati ugra\u0111enu opti\u010dku priklju\u010dnicu, optika \u0107e potpuno zamijeniti uvijenu paru. <\/p>\n

Racionalnost i prakti\u010dnost se mogu o\u010ditovati i u broju RJ45 uti\u010dnica na radnom mjestu. Prakti\u010dno je koristiti po dvije uti\u010dnice po mjestu. Druga linija mo\u017ee se koristiti, na primjer, za povezivanje analognog (digitalnog) telefona, ili jednostavno biti rezervna. Tako se obi\u010dno projektira SKS za velike tvrtke. Za male i srednje poduzetnike racionalnije je koristiti po jednu ra\u010dunalnu uti\u010dnicu na radno mjesto, jer IP telefoni uglavnom imaju dva porta \u2013 ulazni link i drugi za povezivanje ra\u010dunala. Za mre\u017ene pisa\u010de uvijek je po\u017eeljno projektirati zasebno radno mjesto i smjestiti ga, ako je mogu\u0107e, ugodno za sve zaposlenike koji ga koriste, na primjer u hodnicima. Odluku o tome \u0161to je va\u017enije \u2013 racionalnost ili prakti\u010dnost \u2013 trebao bi donijeti stru\u010dnjak iz IT podru\u010dja, jer svi znamo \u0161to obi\u010dno odabere uprava.<\/p>\n

Postoji jo\u0161 jedna va\u017ena to\u010dka koju bih svrstao u racionalnost i prakti\u010dnost. To je razumna suvi\u0161nost. Prakti\u010dnije je imati u uredima onoliko radnih mjesta koliko mo\u017ee smjestiti zaposlenika, a ne koliko trenutno radi. Ovdje opet treba odlu\u010divati kompetentna osoba koja ima predstavu o financijskim mogu\u0107nostima tvrtke i razumije da u slu\u010daju novih zahtjeva, rje\u0161avanje problema nedostatka mjesta past \u0107e na nju.<\/p>\n

I naravno, principu racionalnosti i prakti\u010dnosti mo\u017ee se pridru\u017eiti izbor opreme i materijala. Na primjer, ako je tvrtka mala i nema mogu\u0107nosti zadr\u017eati stru\u010dnog mre\u017enog administratora koji mo\u017ee raditi s L2 preklopnicima, ima smisla koristiti neure\u0111ene preklopnike, ali rezervne povezivanja i dalje trebaju postojati, iako neaktivne. Ne treba \u0161tedjeti na materijalima. Upotreba bakrenih kabela umjesto omedjenih zna\u010di da \u0107e se kroz nekoliko godina suo\u010diti s problemom lo\u0161ih veza. Odustajanje od patch panela, tvornickih patch kabela i organizatora zna\u010dit \u0107e kaos u ormaru nakon nekog vremena, stalne \u201eisprekidane\u201c veze i oksidaciju konektora. Tako\u0111er, ne treba \u0161tedjeti na server ormaru. Velika veli\u010dina ne samo da \u0107e omogu\u0107iti smje\u0161taj ve\u0107eg broja opreme, ve\u0107 \u0107e olak\u0161ati i njegovo odr\u017eavanje. <\/p>\n

Ne \u0161tedite na patch kablovima. Dobar tvorni\u010dki patch kabel trebao bi biti i na radnim mjestima i u server ormaru. Ako izra\u010dunate vrijeme utro\u0161eno na oblaganje konektora i tro\u0161kove materijala, kupnja tvorni\u010dkog patch kabela isplatit \u0107e se vi\u0161e. Osim toga, kabel \u0107e biti \u010dvrst, konektori mogu biti lo\u0161i, konektori se br\u017ee oksidiraju, alat za oblaganje mo\u017ee biti lo\u0161, o\u010di se mogu umoriti i postoji puno drugih razloga da se ne koriste DIY patch kablovi. <\/p>\n

Po mom mi\u0161ljenju, ako nema potrebe da radna stanica radi na brzinama od 10G, racionalnije je koristiti UTP kabel kategorije 5e umjesto 6, jer je ne samo jeftiniji, ve\u0107 i tanji, fleksibilniji, a time i lak\u0161i za monta\u017eu. <\/p>\n

I kona\u010dno, tre\u0107i princip je urednost. \u0160to je mre\u017ea ve\u0107a, to je va\u017eniji red u njoj. Utika\u010di i portovi patch panela moraju biti obavezno ozna\u010deni brojevima. Numeracija obi\u010dno po\u010dinje s radnim mestima s leva na desno od ulaza u prostoriju. Obavezno treba imati odobren plan prostorija s polo\u017eajem i numeracijom utika\u010da.
\nUpravo za urednost, a ne za fizi\u010dko razdvajanje mre\u017ea koriste se patch paneli. Ako autor \"nekoliko puta spomenutog\" \u010dlanka smatra da se u njegovoj ormari\u0107u ne mora puno preklapati, ne mo\u017eemo si priu\u0161titi takav luksuz. <\/p>\n

To je to. Ova tri osnovna principa odre\u0111uju svaki moj projekt SCS-a. U ovom \u010dlanku nisam mogao obuhvatiti sve, sigurno sam ne\u0161to propustio, mo\u017eda sam negde pogre\u0161io. Uvek sam otvoren za konstruktivnu raspravu ako dobijem poziv ili u osobnoj prepisci.
\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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