{"id":38012,"date":"2019-10-31T22:21:11","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:21:11","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:11","slug":"realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh","title":{"rendered":"Implementacija DDIO u Intelovim \u010dipovima dopu\u0161ta mre\u017eni napad temeljen na snimanju tipkovni\u010dkih pritisaka u SSH sesijama.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Tim istra\u017eiva\u010da s Fakulteta za slobodne umjetnosti u Amsterdamu i \u0160vicarskog federarnog tehnolo\u0161kog instituta u Z\u00fcrichu razvio je tehniku mre\u017enog napada. NetCAT<\/a><\/noindex> (Network Cache ATtack) omogu\u0107uje, koriste\u0107i metode analize podataka putem alternativnih kanala, daljinsko odre\u0111ivanje tipki koje korisnik pritisne tijekom rada u SSH sesiji. Problem se javlja samo na poslu\u017eiteljima koji koriste tehnologije RDMA<\/a><\/noindex> (Remote direct memory access) i DDIO<\/a><\/noindex> (Data-Direct I\/O).<\/p>\n

Tvrtka Intel smatra<\/a><\/noindex>, da je napad te\u0161ko ostvariv u praksi, jer zahtijeva pristup napada\u010da lokalnoj mre\u017ei, sterilne uvjete i organizaciju povezivanja hostova koriste\u0107i tehnologije RDMA i DDIO, koje se obi\u010dno koriste u izoliranim mre\u017eama, primjerice, u ra\u010dunalnim klasterima. Problemu je dodijeljena neznatna razina opasnosti (CVSS 2.6, CVE-2019-11184<\/a><\/noindex>) i preporu\u010deno je ne uklju\u010divati DDIO i RDMA u lokalnim mre\u017eama gdje nije osigurana sigurnosna granica i gdje se dopu\u0161ta povezivanje nepouzdanih klijenata. DDIO se koristi u Intelovim poslu\u017eiteljskim procesorima od 2012. godine (Intel Xeon E5, E7 i SP). Sustavi temeljeni na AMD procesorima i drugim proizvo\u0111a\u010dima nisu pogo\u0111eni problemom, jer ne podr\u017eavaju pohranu podataka prenesenih preko mre\u017ee u CPU cache-u.<\/p>\n

Metoda kori\u0161tena za napad podsje\u0107a na ranjivost «Throwhammer<\/a><\/noindex>«, koja omogu\u0107uje promjenu sadr\u017eaja pojedina\u010dnih bitova u RAM-u manipulacijom s mre\u017enim paketima u sustavima s RDMA. Novi problem je posljedica rada na minimizaciji latencija prilikom primjene mehanizma DDIO, koji omogu\u0107uje izravnu interakciju mre\u017ene kartice i drugih perifernih ure\u0111aja s procesorskim cache-om (tijekom obrade paketa mre\u017ene kartice, podaci se pohranjuju u cache i izdvajaju iz cache-a, bez pristupa memoriji).<\/p>\n

Zahvaljuju\u0107i DDIO-u, podaci generirani tijekom zlonamjerne mre\u017ene aktivnosti tako\u0111er ulaze u procesorsku \u043a\u0435\u0448. Napad NetCAT se oslanja na to da mre\u017ene karte aktivno \u043a\u0435\u0448iraju podatke, a brzina obrade paketa u modernim lokalnim mre\u017eama je dovoljna da utje\u010de na popunjavanje \u043a\u0435\u0448a i odredi prisutnost ili odsutnost podataka u \u043a\u0435\u0448u putem analize ka\u0161njenja pri prijenosu podataka. <\/p>\n

Kada se koriste interaktivne sesije, na primjer preko SSH, mre\u017eni paket se \u0161alje odmah nakon pritiska tipke, tj. latencije izme\u0111u paketa koreliraju s latencijama izme\u0111u pritisaka tipki. Koriste\u0107i metode statisti\u010dke analize i uzimaju\u0107i u obzir da latencije izme\u0111u pritisaka obi\u010dno ovise o poziciji tipke na tipkovnici, mogu\u0107e je s odre\u0111enom vjerojatno\u0161\u0107u rekonstruirati unesene informacije. Na primjer, ve\u0107ina ljudi obi\u010dno tipka «s» nakon «a» zna\u010dajno br\u017ee nego «g» nakon «s».<\/p>\n

Informacije koje se talo\u017ee u procesorskom \u043a\u0435\u0448u tako\u0111er omogu\u0107uju procjenu to\u010dnog vremena paketa poslanih mre\u017enom kartom tijekom obrade takvih veza kao \u0161to je SSH. Generiraju\u0107i odre\u0111eni tok prometa, napada\u010d mo\u017ee odrediti trenutak pojave novih podataka u \u043a\u0435\u0448u, povezanih s odre\u0111enom aktivno\u0161\u0107u u sustavu. Za analizu sadr\u017eaja \u043a\u0435\u0448a koristi se metoda Prime+Probe<\/a><\/noindex>, koja podrazumijeva popunjavanje \u043a\u0435\u0448a referentnim skupom vrijednosti i mjerenje vremena pristupa njima prilikom ponovnog punjenja kako bi se odredile promjene. <\/p>\n

\"Implementacija<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Nije isklju\u010dena primjena predlo\u017eene tehnike za odre\u0111ivanje ne samo pritisaka tipki, nego i drugih vrsta povjerljivih podataka koji se talo\u017ee u CPU \u043a\u0435\u0448u. Potencijalno, napad se mo\u017ee provesti i pri isklju\u010denju RDMA, ali bez RDMA njegova u\u010dinkovitost se smanjuje, a izvr\u0161enje se zna\u010dajno ote\u017eava. Tako\u0111er je mogu\u0107e koristiti DDIO za organizaciju skrivenog komunikacijskog kanala, koji se koristi za prijenos podataka nakon kompromitacije servera, zaobilaze\u0107i sustave za osiguranje.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Pogledajte\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Izvor: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0448\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435 SSH. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 RDMA (Remote direct memory access) \u0438 DDIO […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28530,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Implementacija DDIO u Intel \u010dipovima omogu\u0107uje mre\u017eni napad za odre\u0111ivanje pritisaka tipki u SSH sesiji | ProHoster","description":"Tim istra\u017eiva\u010da s Fakulteta za slobodne umjetnosti u Amsterdamu i \u0160vicarskog federarnog tehnolo\u0161kog instituta u 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