{"id":38648,"date":"2019-10-31T22:25:04","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:25:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kratkoe-vvedenie-v-kustomize\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:25:04","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:25:04","slug":"kratkoe-vvedenie-v-kustomize","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kratkoe-vvedenie-v-kustomize","title":{"rendered":"Kratko uvodno poglavlje u Kustomize","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><b>Napomena za prijevod.<\/b>: \u010clanak je napisao Scott Lowe \u2014 iskusni IT in\u017eenjer, autor ili koautor sedam publikacija (prete\u017eno o VMware vSphere). Trenutno radi u njenoj podru\u017enici VMware \u2014 Heptio (kupljena 2016. godine), specijaliziraju\u0107i se za cloud computing i Kubernetes. Tekst slu\u017ei kao sa\u017eet i lako razumljiv uvod u upravljanje konfiguracijama za Kubernetes koriste\u0107i tehnologiju <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kustomize.io\/\">Kustomize<\/a><\/noindex>, koja je nedavno postala deo K8s.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kratko uvodno poglavlje u Kustomize\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/099d2281c06d7a294532a816bb6aab21.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nKustomize je alat koji omogu\u0107ava korisnicima da 'prilagode jednostavne i neobavezne YAML datoteke za razli\u010dite namene, ostavljaju\u0107i izvorni YAML netaknutim i kori\u0161\u0107enim' (opis preuzet iz <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes-sigs\/kustomize\">repozitorijuma kustomize na GitHub<\/a><\/noindex>). Kustomize se mo\u017ee pokretati direktno ili, po\u010dev\u0161i od Kubernetes 1.14, koristiti <code>kubectl -k<\/code> za pristup njegovim funkcijama (iako, prema stanju na Kubernetes 1.15, zasebna binarna datoteka je novija od mogu\u0107nosti integrisanih u kubectl). <i>(<b>Napomena za prijevod.<\/b>: A sa nedavnim izdanjem <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/467477\/\">Kubernetes 1.16<\/a><\/noindex> kustomize <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/enhancements\/issues\/1177\">podr\u017eava<\/a><\/noindex> tako\u0111e u alatu kubeadm.)<\/i> U ovom \u010dlanku \u017eelim upoznati \u010ditatelje sa osnovama kustomize.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>U svom najjednostavnijem obliku \/ upotrebi, kustomize je samo set resursa (YAML datoteka koje defini\u0161u Kubernetes objekte: Deployments, Services itd.) plus spisak uputstava o promenama koje treba izvr\u0161iti na ovim resursima. Sli\u010dno tome kako make koristi skup uputstava sadr\u017eanih u <code>Makefile<\/code>, a Docker gradi kontejner na osnovu uputstava iz <code>Dockerfile<\/code>, kustomize koristi <code>kustomization.yaml<\/code> za \u010duvanje uputstava o tome koje promene korisnik \u017eeli napraviti na skupu resursa.<\/p>\n<p>Evo primera datoteke <code>kustomization.yaml<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">resources:\n- deployment.yaml\n- service.yaml\nnamePrefix: dev-\nnamesapce: development\ncommonLabels:\n  environment: development<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNe\u0107u poku\u0161avati da opisujem sve mogu\u0107e oblasti u datoteci <code>kustomization.yaml<\/code> (o tome je lepo napisano <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes-sigs\/kustomize\/blob\/master\/docs\/fields.md\">ovdje<\/a><\/noindex>), ali \u0107u dati kratak opis konkretnog primera:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Polje <code>resources<\/code> ukazuje koje resurse \u0107e menjati kustomize. U ovom slu\u010daju, on \u0107e tra\u017eiti resurse u datotekama <code>deployment.yaml<\/code> i <code>service.yaml<\/code> u svom direktorijumu (ako je potrebno, mogu se navesti puni ili relativni putevi).<\/li>\n<li> Polje <code>namePrefix<\/code> nala\u017ee kustomizeu da doda odre\u0111eni prefiks (u ovom slu\u010daju \u2014 <code>dev-<\/code>) atributu <code>ime<\/code> svih resursa definisanih u polju <code>resources<\/code>. Tako\u0111e, ako u Deploymentu postoji <code>ime<\/code> s vrijedno\u0161\u0107u <code>nginx-deployment<\/code>, kustomize napraviti <code>dev-nginx-deployment<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li> Polje <code>namespace<\/code> nala\u017ee kustomizeu da doda zadani prostor imena svim resursima. U ovom slu\u010daju, Deployment i Service \u0107e pripasti prostoru imena <code>razvoj<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li> Na kraju, polje <code>commonLabels<\/code> sadr\u017ei set oznaka koji \u0107e biti dodan svim resursima. U na\u0161em primjeru, kustomize \u0107e resursima dodati oznaku pod nazivom <code>okru\u017eenje<\/code> i vrijednosti. <code>razvoj<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAko korisnik izvr\u0161i <code>kustomize build .<\/code> u direktoriju s datotekom <code>kustomization.yaml<\/code> i potrebnim resursima (tj. datotekama <code>deployment.yaml<\/code> i <code>service.yaml<\/code>), tada \u0107e kao ishod dobiti tekst s promjenama navedenim u <code>kustomization.yaml<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kratko uvodno poglavlje u Kustomize\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/f15c7ccb5f200c7e9b5a25142c364cb8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i><b>Napomena za prijevod.<\/b>: Ilustracija iz dokumentacije projekta o \"jednostavnom\" kori\u0161tenju kustomize<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Izlaz se mo\u017ee preusmjeriti, ako je potrebno zabilje\u017eiti promjene:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">kustomize build . &gt; custom-config.yaml<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nIzlaz je deterministi\u010dki (isti ulaz \u0107e dati iste rezultate na izlazu), stoga nije nu\u017eno spremati rezultat u datoteku. Umjesto toga, mo\u017ee se odmah proslijediti u drugu naredbu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">kustomize build . | kubectl apply -f -<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPristup funkcijama kustomize tako\u0111er se mo\u017ee dobiti putem <code>kubectl -k<\/code> (od verzije 1.14 Kubernetes-a). Imajte na umu da se zaseban paket kustomize br\u017ee a\u017eurira nego integrirani u kubectl (barem je tako u slu\u010daju izdanja Kubernetes 1.15).<\/p>\n<p>\u010citatelji bi mogli pitati: \"Za\u0161to su svi ovi pritisci potrebni, kada se datoteke mogu ure\u0111ivati izravno?\" Sjajno pitanje. U na\u0161em primjeru doista <i>mo\u017eete<\/i> izmijeniti datoteke <code>deployment.yaml<\/code> i <code>service.yaml<\/code> izravno, ali \u0161to ako su one fork nekog projekta? Izravna izmjena datoteka ote\u017eava (ako ne i onemogu\u0107uje) rebase forka kada se unose promjene u izvor\/izvornik. Kori\u0161tenje kustomize omogu\u0107uje centralizaciju tih promjena u datoteci <code>kustomization.yaml<\/code>, ostavljaju\u0107i izvorne datoteke netaknute i time olak\u0161avaju\u0107i rebase izvornih datoteka kad je to potrebno.<\/p>\n<p>Prednosti kustomize postaju o\u010dite u slo\u017eenijim slu\u010dajevima upotrebe. U gorenavedenom primjeru <code>kustomization.yaml<\/code> i resursi su u istoj direktoriji. Me\u0111utim, kustomize podr\u017eava scenarije upotrebe gdje postoji osnovna konfiguracija i mno\u0161tvo njenih varijanti, poznatih i kao <i>overlays<\/i>. Na primjer, korisnik je \u017eelio uzeti Deployment i Service za nginx, koje sam koristio kao primjer, i stvoriti development, staging i production verzije (ili varijante) tih datoteka. Za to \u0107e mu biti potrebni gore spomenuti overlays i same osnovne resurse.<\/p>\n<p>Kako bi ilustrirali ideju overlays i osnovnih resursa <i>(osnovni resursi)<\/i>, pretpostavimo da direktoriji imaju sljede\u0107u strukturu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">- osnovni\n  - deployment.yaml\n  - service.yaml\n  - kustomization.yaml\n- overlays\n  - dev\n    - kustomization.yaml\n  - staging\n    - kustomization.yaml\n  - prod\n    - kustomization.yaml<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nU datoteci <code>osnovni\/kustomization.yaml<\/code> korisnici putem polja <code>resources<\/code> jednostavno izjavljuju resurse koje kustomize treba uklju\u010diti.<\/p>\n<p>U svakom od datoteka <code>overlays\/{dev,staging,prod}\/kustomization.yaml<\/code> korisnici se referiraju na osnovnu konfiguraciju u polju <code>resources<\/code>, a zatim navode konkretne izmjene za <i>tu okolinu<\/i>. Na primjer, datoteka <code>overlays\/dev\/kustomization.yaml<\/code> mo\u017ee izgledati kao primjer dan ranije:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">resources:\n- ..\/..\/\/osnovni\nnamePrefix: dev-\nnamespace: development\ncommonLabels:\n  environment: development<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPri tome datoteka <code>overlays\/prod\/kustomization.yaml<\/code> mo\u017ee biti potpuno druga\u010dija:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">resources:\n- ..\/..\/\/osnovni\nnamePrefix: prod-\nnamespace: production\ncommonLabels:\n  environment: production\n  sre-team: blue<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nKada korisnik pokrene <code>kustomize build .<\/code> u direktoriju <code>overlays\/dev<\/code>, kustomize \u0107e generirati varijantu development. Ako se pokrene <code>kustomize build .<\/code> u direktoriju <code>overlays\/prod<\/code> \u2014 dobit \u0107emo varijantu production. I sve to \u2014 bez ikakvih promjena u izvornih <i>(osnovnim)<\/i> datotekama, a sve to \u2014 deklarativno i deterministi\u010dko. Osnovnu konfiguraciju i overlay direktorije mo\u017eete komitirati direktno u sustav upravljanja verzijama, znaju\u0107i da se na temelju tih datoteka u bilo kojem trenutku mo\u017ee reproducirati potrebna konfiguracija.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kratko uvodno poglavlje u Kustomize\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/959af6422f6ae4c1b8d755e9c5728d38.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i><b>Napomena za prijevod.<\/b>: Ilustracija iz dokumentacije projekta o kori\u0161tenju overlays u kustomize<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Kustomize mo\u017ee <i>mnogo<\/i> vi\u0161e nego \u0161to je navedeno u ovom \u010dlanku. Me\u0111utim, nadam se da \u0107e poslu\u017eiti kao dobro uvod.<\/p>\n<h2>Dodatni resursi<\/h2>\n<p>\nPostoji mnogo dobrih \u010dlanaka i publikacija o kustomize. Evo nekoliko koje sam smatrao posebno korisnim:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/levelup.gitconnected.com\/kubernetes-change-base-yaml-config-for-different-environments-prod-test-6224bfb6cdd6\">Promjena osnovne YAML konfiguracije za razli\u010dite okoline prod\/test koriste\u0107i Kustomize<\/a><\/noindex>;<\/li>\n<li> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.stack-labs.com\/code\/kustomize-101\/\">Kustomize \u2014 pravi na\u010din za rad s \u0161ablonima u Kubernetesu<\/a><\/noindex>;<\/li>\n<li> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/tasks\/manage-kubernetes-objects\/kustomization\/\">Deklarativno upravljanje Kubernetes objektima koriste\u0107i Kustomize<\/a><\/noindex>;<\/li>\n<li> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/testingclouds.wordpress.com\/2018\/07\/20\/844\/\">Prilagodba upstream Helm grafikonima s Kustomize<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<i><b>Napomena za prijevod.<\/b>: Tako\u0111er se mo\u017ee preporu\u010diti blok s linkovima, objavljenih kao <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kustomize.io\/#resources\">Resursi<\/a><\/noindex> na web stranici alata, i naknadna zbirka videa s posljednjim predavanjima o kustomize.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Ako imate pitanja ili prijedloge za pobolj\u0161anje ovog materijala, uvijek sam otvoren za povratne informacije. Kontaktirati me mo\u017eete u <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/scott_lowe\">Twitter<\/a><\/noindex> ili u <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.slack.com\/\">Slack kanalu Kubernetes<\/a><\/noindex>. U\u017eivajte u modificiranju svojih manifestacija koriste\u0107i kustomize!<\/p>\n<h2>P.S. od prevodioca<\/h2>\n<p>\nPro\u010ditajte i na na\u0161em blogu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/462707\/\">Alati za programere aplikacija pokrenutih u Kubernetesu<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb;<\/li>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/445196\/\">Kubernetes 1.14: pregled glavnih noviteta<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb;<\/li>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/468259\/\">Pet klju\u010dnih zaklju\u010daka Helm Summita 2019 u Amsterdamu<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb;<\/li>\n<li> \u00ab<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/420437\/\">Prakti\u010dno upoznavanje s upraviteljem paketa za Kubernetes \u2013 Helm<\/a><\/noindex>\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/flant\/blog\/469179\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c. \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432.: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b Scott Lowe \u2014 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0418\u0422, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\/\u0441\u043e\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433 (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e VMware vSphere). \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0435\u0451 \u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 VMware \u2014 Heptio (\u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 2016 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443), \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438 Kubernetes. \u0421\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0451\u043c\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28991,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c. \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432.: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b Scott Lowe \u2014 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0418\u0422, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f 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