{"id":40138,"date":"2020-01-31T20:49:06","date_gmt":"2020-01-31T17:49:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet"},"modified":"2020-01-31T20:49:06","modified_gmt":"2020-01-31T17:49:06","slug":"katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet","title":{"rendered":"Kata-strofa-otporan oblak: kako to radi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bok, Habr! <\/p>\n<p>Nakon novogodi\u0161njih praznika ponovno smo pokrenuli katastrofno otporniji oblak na bazi dvije lokacije. Danas \u0107emo objasniti kako je to organizirano i pokazati \u0161to se doga\u0111a s virtualnim strojevima klijenata u slu\u010daju kvara pojedinih elemenata klastera i pada cijele lokacije (spoiler \u2013 sve je u redu). <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kata-strofa-otporan oblak: kako to radi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/58b56261b55785a76bce3e754c86f6a9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Skladi\u0161te podataka katastrofno otpornog oblaka na lokaciji OST.<\/i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>\u0160to se nalazi unutra<\/h3>\n<p>\nIspod haube klastera su Cisco UCS poslu\u017eitelji s hipervizorom VMware ESXi, dva skladi\u0161ta podataka INFINIDAT InfiniBox F2240, mre\u017ena oprema Cisco Nexus, kao i SAN preklopnici Brocade. Klaster je raspore\u0111en na dvije lokacije \u2013 OST i NORD, tj. u svakom datacentru identi\u010dan skup opreme. To ga \u010dini katastrofno otpornim. <\/p>\n<p>Unutar jedne lokacije glavni elementi su tako\u0111er duplicirani (hostovi, SAN preklopnici, mre\u017ea).<br \/>\nDvije lokacije su spojene zasebnim opti\u010dkim vlaknima koja su tako\u0111er rezervirana.<\/p>\n<p>Malo o skladi\u0161tu podataka. Prvu verziju katastrofno otpornog oblaka gradili smo na NetApp-u. Ovdje smo odabrali INFINIDAT, i evo za\u0161to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Opcija Active-Active replikacije. Omogu\u0107uje virtualnom stroju da ostane operativan \u010dak i prilikom potpunog kvara jednog od skladi\u0161ta podataka. O replikaciji \u0107u detaljnije govoriti kasnije.<\/li>\n<li>Tri kontrolera diska za pove\u0107anje otpornosti sustava. Obi\u010dno ih je dva.<\/li>\n<li>Gotovo rje\u0161enje. Do\u0161la nam je ve\u0107 sastavljena koli\u010dina koju trebamo samo spojiti na mre\u017eu i konfigurirati.<\/li>\n<li>Pa\u017eljiva tehni\u010dka podr\u0161ka. INFINIDAT in\u017eenjeri kontinuirano analiziraju logove i doga\u0111aje skladi\u0161ta podataka, postavljaju nove verzije firmware-a i poma\u017eu pri konfiguraciji.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nEvo malo slika s unpacking-a:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kata-strofa-otporan oblak: kako to radi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/b953a56bba9f0308f5fe1b27b356683b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kata-strofa-otporan oblak: kako to radi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/94b5ceb8565ebe1ef2aacff943e1a9d0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Kako radi<\/h3>\n<p>\nOblak je ve\u0107 interno otporniji. \u0160titi klijenta od pojedina\u010dnih hardverskih i softverskih kvarova. Katastrofno otporniji oblak pomo\u0107i \u0107e za\u0161tititi se od masovnih kvarova unutar jedne lokacije: na primjer, kvar Skladi\u0161ta podataka (ili SDS klastera, \u0161to se \u010desto doga\u0111a \ud83d\ude42), masovne gre\u0161ke u mre\u017ei za pohranu i sli\u010dno. A najva\u017enije: takav oblak spa\u0161ava kada cijela lokacija postane nedostupna zbog po\u017eara, nestanka struje, otmice od strane plja\u010dka\u0161a, ili invazije vanzemaljaca. <\/p>\n<p>U svim tim slu\u010dajevima virtualni strojevi klijenata nastavljaju raditi, i evo za\u0161to. <\/p>\n<p>Shema klastera je osmi\u0161ljena tako da svaki ESXi host s klijentskim virtualnim ma\u0161inama mo\u017ee pristupiti bilo kojoj od dva SAN-a. Ako SAN na OSS stranici ne uspije, virtualne ma\u0161ine \u0107e nastaviti raditi: hostovi na kojima rade \u0107e pristupati podacima s SAN-a na NORD-u. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kata-strofa-otporan oblak: kako to radi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/996193debdab5b3564c97b05b1e5ba27.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Ovako izgleda shema povezivanja u klasteru. <\/i><\/p>\n<p>To je mogu\u0107e zahvaljuju\u0107i tome \u0161to je izme\u0111u SAN-fabrika dviju lokacija postavljen Inter-Switch Link: SAN prekida\u010d Fabric A OST je povezan s SAN prekida\u010dem Fabric A NORD, sli\u010dno za SAN prekida\u010de Fabric B. <\/p>\n<p>A kako bi sve ove slo\u017eene SAN fabrike imale smisla, izme\u0111u dva SAN-a postavljena je Active-Active replikacija: informacije se gotovo istovremeno zapisuju na lokalni i udaljeni SAN, RPO=0. Tako se dobiva da na jednom SAN-u le\u017ei izvor podataka, a na drugom \u2013 njihova replikacija. Podaci se repliciraju na razini volumena SAN-a, a ve\u0107 na njima se pohranjuju podaci VMs (njihovi diskovi, konfiguracijska datoteka, swap datoteka itd.). <\/p>\n<p>ESXi host vidi glavni volumen i njegovu replikaciju kao jedno diskovno ure\u0111aj (Storage Device). Od ESXi hosta do svakog diskovnog ure\u0111aja ide 24 puta:<\/p>\n<p>12 puteva povezuje ga s lokalnim SAN-om (optimalni putevi), a preostalih 12 \u2013 s udaljenim (neoptimalni putevi). U redovnim okolnostima, ESXi pristupa podacima na lokalnom SAN-u koriste\u0107i \u201coptimalne\u201d puteve. Kada ovaj SAN ne uspije, ESXi gubi optimalne puteve i prebacuje se na \u201cneoptimalne\u201d. Ovako to izgleda na shemi.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kata-strofa-otporan oblak: kako to radi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/e2b61eb8b9db4b882a6d20c0abf9fc4e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Shema klastera otpornog na katastrofe.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Sve klijentske mre\u017ee su povezane na obje lokacije kroz zajedni\u010dku mre\u017enu fabriku. Na svakoj lokaciji radi Provider Edge (PE), na kojem se terminiraju klijentske mre\u017ee. PE su objedinjeni u zajedni\u010dki klaster. U slu\u010daju kvara PE-a na jednoj lokaciji, sav promet se preusmjerava na drugu lokaciju. Zbog toga, virtualne ma\u0161ine s lokacije koja ostaje bez PE-a ostaju dostupne putem mre\u017ee za klijenta. <\/p>\n<p>Sada \u0107emo pogledati \u0161to \u0107e se dogoditi s virtualnim ma\u0161inama klijenta pri razli\u010ditim kvarovima. Zapo\u010dnimo s najlak\u0161im mogu\u0107im situacijama i zavr\u0161imo s najozbiljnijim \u2013 slabljenjem cijele lokacije. U primjerima \u0107e glavna lokacija biti OST, a rezervna, s replikama podataka, \u2013 NORD.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0160to se doga\u0111a s virtualnom ma\u0161inom klijenta ako\u2026 <\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Ne uspije Replication Link.<\/b> Replikacija izme\u0111u SAN-a dviju lokacija prestaje.<br \/>\nESXi \u0107e raditi samo s lokalnim diskovnim ure\u0111ajima (preko optimalnih putanja). <br \/>\nVirtualne ma\u0161ine nastavljaju raditi.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kata-strofa-otporan oblak: kako to radi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c15c34e54cb456011f3155b30cbe1063.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Dogodi se prekid ISL (Inter-Switch Link).<\/b> Ovo je malo vjerovatno. Osim ako neki lud exkavator ne iskopava nekoliko opti\u010dkih trase koje prolaze neovisnim rutama i dovedene su na lokacije preko razli\u010ditih priklju\u010daka. Ipak. U tom slu\u010daju, ESXi hostovi gube polovicu putanja i mogu pristupati samo svojim lokalnim SAN. Replike se prikupljaju, ali hostovi im ne mogu pristupiti. <\/p>\n<p>Virtualne ma\u0161ine rade normalno.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kata-strofa-otporan oblak: kako to radi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c6c1b8b4972cd90cdb639fffe623bc1d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>SAN switch otkazuje na jednoj od lokacija.<\/b> ESXi hostovi gube dio putanja prema SAN-u. U ovom slu\u010daju, hostovi na lokaciji gdje je switch otkazao, radit \u0107e samo preko jednog svog HBA. <\/p>\n<p>Virtualne ma\u0161ine u ovom slu\u010daju nastavljaju raditi normalno.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kata-strofa-otporan oblak: kako to radi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/3325765d426751e8717af20f7f122b90.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Svi SAN switch-evi otkazuju na jednoj od lokacija.<\/b> Pretpostavimo da se ovakva nesre\u0107a dogodila na lokaciji OST. U tom slu\u010daju, ESXi hostovi na toj lokaciji \u0107e izgubiti sve putanje prema svojim diskovnim ure\u0111ajima. U igru ulazi standardni mehanizam VMware vSphere HA: ponovo \u0107e pokrenuti sve virtualne ma\u0161ine na lokaciji OST u NORD-u u maksimalno 140 sekundi. <\/p>\n<p>Virtualne ma\u0161ine koje rade na hostovima lokacije NORD rade normalno.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kata-strofa-otporan oblak: kako to radi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c7a129691cd4d6c161e165fd55607206.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>ESXi host otkazuje na jednoj lokaciji. <\/b>Ovdje opet radi mehanizam vSphere HA: virtualne ma\u0161ine sa neispravnog hosta se ponovo pokre\u0107u na drugim hostovima \u2013 na istoj ili udaljenoj lokaciji. Vreme ponovnog pokretanja virtualne ma\u0161ine je do 1 minute. <\/p>\n<p>Ako otka\u017eu svi ESXi hostovi lokacije OST, tu vi\u0161e nema opcija: VM se ponovo pokre\u0107u na drugoj. Vreme ponovnog pokretanja je isto. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kata-strofa-otporan oblak: kako to radi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c00fb5078e0c4df1461187d8896670a4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>SAN otkazuje na jednoj lokaciji.<\/b> Pretpostavimo da je SAN otkazao na lokaciji OST. Tada ESXi hostovi lokacije OST prebacuju se na rad s replikama SAN-a u NORD-u. Nakon \u0161to se neispravni SAN vrati u rad, do\u0107i \u0107e do prisilne replikacije, a ESXi hostovi OST ponovo \u0107e po\u010deti pristupati lokalnom SAN-u. <\/p>\n<p>Virtualne ma\u0161ine sve ovo vreme rade normalno.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kata-strofa-otporan oblak: kako to radi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/87f7e1d012886d963f020768864154a7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Jedna od lokacija otkazuje.<\/b> U tom slu\u010daju, sve virtualne ma\u0161ine \u0107e se ponovo pokretati na rezervnoj lokaciji putem mehanizma vSphere HA. Vreme ponovnog pokretanja VM-a je 140 sekundi. Pri tome \u0107e sve mre\u017ene postavke virtualne ma\u0161ine ostati sa\u010duvane, a ona \u0107e ostati dostupna klijentu putem mre\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p>Kako bi ponovno pokretanje virtuelnih ma\u0161ina na rezervnoj lokaciji pro\u0161lo bez problema, svaka lokacija je ispunjena samo napola. Druga polovica je rezervna u slu\u010daju premje\u0161tanja svih virtuelnih ma\u0161ina sa druge, pogo\u0111ene, lokacije.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kata-strofa-otporan oblak: kako to radi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/62cad7aaf5043f6879dc4a6cbb7b35bb.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTo su vrste kvarova koje \u0161titi katastrofalno otporno oblak zasnovan na dva data centra. <\/p>\n<p>Ovo zadovoljstvo nije jeftino, jer pored osnovnih resursa, treba imati rezervu na drugoj lokaciji. Zbog toga se u takvom oblaku smje\u0161taju poslovno kriti\u010dne usluge, \u010dije dugotrajno zastoje donose velike finansijske i reputacione gubitke, ili ako se prema informacionom sistemu postavljaju zahtjevi za katastrofalnom otporno\u0161\u0107u od strane regulatora ili unutarnjih pravila kompanije.<\/p>\n<p><b>Izvori:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.infinidat.com\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-pdfs\/DS-INFBOX-190331-US_0.pdf\">www.infinidat.com\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-pdfs\/DS-INFBOX-190331-US_0.pdf<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/support.infinidat.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/207057109-InfiniBox-best-practices-guides\">support.infinidat.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/207057109-InfiniBox-best-practices-guides<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dataline\/blog\/486186\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 (\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0439\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u2013 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e). \u0421\u0425\u0414 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0435 OST. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b Cisco [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":40139,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! 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