{"id":42137,"date":"2019-03-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/flightradar24-kak-eto-rabotaet"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:44:56","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:44:56","slug":"flightradar24-kak-eto-rabotaet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/flightradar24-kak-eto-rabotaet","title":{"rendered":"Flightradar24 \u2014 kako to funkcionira?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Vjerojatno su svi koji su barem jednom ispratili ili do\u010dekali rodbinu ili prijatelje na avionu koristili besplatnu uslugu Flightradar24. To je vrlo prakti\u010dan na\u010din pra\u0107enja polo\u017eaja aviona u stvarnom vremenu.<\/p>\n

\"Flightradar24
\n
\nKako je pokazalo istra\u017eivanje me\u0111u prijateljima, veoma mali broj ljudi zna da ovu uslugu podr\u017eavaju entuzijasti koji \u0161alju podatke na server. Jo\u0161 manje njih zna da se projektu mo\u017ee pridru\u017eiti svatko tko \u017eeli.<\/p>\n

Ispunit \u0107emo ovu prazninu. O tome kako to funkcionira nastavljamo ispod.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Hardver<\/h2>\n

\nPrvo pitanje \u2014 odakle dolaze podaci. <\/p>\n

Svaki civilni avion opremljen je posebnim oda\u0161ilja\u010dem, takozvanom ADS-B transponder<\/b>:<\/p>\n

\"Flightradar24
\n(slika s web stranice Garmin)<\/i><\/p>\n

Ovaj ure\u0111aj \u0161alje na frekvenciji 1090Mhz posebne pakete koji sadr\u017ee osnovne parametre leta, tip zrakoplova, njegove koordinate, odredi\u0161te itd. <\/p>\n

Signal na spektru izgleda otprilike ovako:<\/p>\n

\"Flightradar24
\n
\nI ono \u0161to je za nas najva\u017enije, dekodirati te podatke nije te\u0161ko, dovoljno je imati RTL-SDR prijemnik koji ko\u0161ta oko 8$, povezan s ra\u010dunalom. U su\u0161tini, ideja je ve\u0107 vjerojatno jasna \u2014 ako prikupimo podatke s vi\u0161e prijemnika, dobit \u0107emo sliku, otprilike ovako:<\/p>\n

\"Flightradar24
\n
\nAli to nije sve. Dio aviona \u0161alje pakete podataka, ali u njima nedostaju GPS koordinate. Ako primamo podatke istovremeno s vi\u0161e prijemnika \u010dije su koordinate poznate, analiziraju\u0107i ka\u0161njenja na razli\u010ditim prijemnicima, mo\u017eemo saznati to\u010dnu lokaciju zrakoplova. Ova tehnologija se zove multilateracija (MLAT), a o njoj mo\u017eete pro\u010ditati vi\u0161e. na stranici<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

I kona\u010dno, posljednje pitanje \u2014 kako se podaci primaju. Odgovor je jednostavan, prijemnik mo\u017ee postaviti svatko tko \u017eeli, cijena je od 0 do 50$. Na primjer, ovako izgleda karta prijemnika usluge Flightaware:<\/p>\n

\"Flightradar24
\n
\nKao \u0161to se mo\u017ee vidjeti, pokrivenost ruske teritorije ostavlja mnogo \u017eeljenog, tako da neki imaju prili\u010dno \u0161anse biti prvi.<\/p>\n

Za prijem podataka potrebni su:<\/p>\n

\u2014 Raspberry Pi2\/3 s povezanom internet vezom (cijena od 20$)
\n \u2014 RTL-SDR dongle (cijena od 10$)
\n \u2014 barem najjednostavnija antena od 2 komada \u017eice duljine 6.8cm svaki (1\/4 dipol na 1090Mhz)<\/p>\n

Tako\u0111er, po\u017eeljno je imati mjesto s vi\u0161e- manje otvorenim pogledom na barem dio neba, jer se signali gigahercne frekvencije apsorbiraju preprekama poput zgrada ili drve\u0107a.<\/p>\n

Imam i Raspberry Pi, i RTL-SDR ve\u0107 imao, tako da nisam morao ni\u0161ta kupovati. No, svatko mo\u017ee besplatno isprobati dobiti gotov prijemnik \u2014 i Flightradar i Flightaware \u0161alju kompleti besplatno korisnicima iz onih podru\u010dja gdje je pokrivenost trenutno nedovoljna. Mo\u017eete poslati zahtjev putem linka (Flightradar<\/a><\/noindex> ili Flightaware<\/a><\/noindex>), naravno, isprobati je smisleno onima koji \u017eive u prili\u010dno udaljenim podru\u010djima.<\/p>\n

Koristio sam komplet iz RTL-SDR V3, koji je uz antenu i mini stativ ko\u0161tao 27$ s besplatnom dostavom iz Kine:<\/p>\n

\"Flightradar24
\n
\nUsput, kao drugi bonus, svima koji \u0161alju podatke na server, Flightradar24 i Flightaware pru\u017eaju neograni\u010den pristup premium ra\u010dunu<\/b> i svim funkcijama servera (odvojeno takav pristup ko\u0161ta otprilike 50$\/mj.). Dakle, ako netko zanima avijacija i \u017eeli imati pro\u0161ireni pristup takvom ra\u010dunu, postavljanje RTLSDR prijemnika je sasvim jeftina alternativa. <\/p>\n

Testiranje<\/h2>\n

\nInstalacija je izuzetno jednostavna, na Raspberry Pi dovoljno je priklju\u010diti prijemnik i pokrenuti jednu naredbu:<\/p>\n

sudo bash -c \"$(wget -O - http:\/\/repo.feed.flightradar24.com\/install_fr24_rpi.sh)\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSkripta \u0107e zatra\u017eiti potrebne podatke (koordinate i tip prijemnika, adresu e-po\u0161te), nakon \u010dega \u0107e softver raditi automatski, pa\u017enja s korisnikove strane vi\u0161e nije potrebna. Paralelno mo\u017eete aktivirati premium ra\u010dun (za FR24 putem linka https:\/\/www.flightradar24.com\/premium\/signup?account=free<\/a><\/noindex>) i odmah koristiti sve njegove mogu\u0107nosti (tragovi letova i sli\u010dno).<\/p>\n
Mo\u017eete oti\u0107i na stranicu IP adrese Raspberry Pi i vidjeti trenutni status:<\/p>\n
\"Flightradar24
\nMnogo vi\u0161e informacija mo\u017eete vidjeti na stranici ra\u010duna Flightradar24:<\/p>\n
\"Flightradar24
\n
\n\u017divim na 6. katu relativno blizu zra\u010dne luke, tako da je broj promatranih aviona tijekom dana bio ve\u0107i od 1000, \u010dak i s obi\u010dnom antenom na prozoru. Zanimljivo je da je \u010dak i s takvom antenom maksimalna udaljenost do prihva\u0107enog aviona iznosila 215 milja. Razne opcije antena mo\u017eete prona\u0107i na ebay-u, jednostavno upi\u0161ite u pretra\u017eivanju ads-b antenna.<\/p>\n
Alternativa<\/h2>\n
\nBonus za one koji su imali strpljenja pro\u010ditati do ovdje. Neki \u010ditatelji mogu postaviti pitanje: mo\u017ee li se bez vanjskih servisa poput Flightradar? Naravno, mo\u017ee se pokrenuti dekoder na Raspberry Pi izravno. Izvornike mo\u017eete preuzeti na adresi github.com\/antirez\/dump1090<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
Dovoljno je na Raspberry Pi upisati 3 naredbe:<\/p>\n
git clone https:\/\/github.com\/antirez\/dump1090.git\ncd dump1090\/\nmake<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nZatim se dekoder mo\u017ee pokrenuti naredbom:<\/p>\n
.\\\/dump1090 --interactive --net<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nDekoder zapo\u010dinje s radom i vidimo \u00absirove podatke\u00bb \u2014 popis vidljivih \u00abzrakoplova\u00bb.<\/p>\n
\"Flightradar24
\n
\nSada mo\u017eemo u\u0107i u preglednik na Raspberry Pi i diviti se vlastitom, lokalnom Flightradar-u, slika mo\u017ee izgledati otprilike ovako:<\/p>\n
\"Flightradar24
\n
\nZa\u0161to je to mo\u017eda potrebno? Prvo, iz znati\u017eelje, a drugo, Flightradar24 na\u017ealost filtrira dio podataka i pokazuje ne sve<\/i> zrakoplove (na primjer, vojni, vladini ili poslovni zrakoplovi mogu se ne prikazivati). Pokretanjem vlastite lokalne usluge, vidimo sve \u00abkako jest\u00bb, bez ikakve cenzure. Me\u0111utim, naravno, opseg podataka ograni\u010den je na\u0161om lokalnom lokacijom i kvalitetom antene, te tehnologija MLAT ne\u0107e biti dostupna. Dump1090 je dostupan u izvoru, tako da zainteresirani mogu \u010dak stvoriti vlastitu verziju Flightradar-a, s blackjackom i ostalim dodacima.<\/p>\n
Zaklju\u010dci<\/h2>\n
\nKao \u0161to se mo\u017ee vidjeti, sve nije tako slo\u017eeno, a u isto vrijeme vrlo zanimljivo i jeftino. Za razumijevanje cijena: prije 10 godina prijemnik Airnav RadarBox ko\u0161tao je oko 1000$, sada se RTL-SDR, koji radi isto, mo\u017ee nabaviti za 10$.<\/p>\n
U mom slu\u010daju prijemnik je pokrenut samo za testiranje, nema prakti\u010dnog smisla dr\u017eati ga stalno uklju\u010denim, gusto\u0107a pokrivenosti europskog dijela sada ve\u0107 dose\u017ee 100%. Za ljude iz ruske unutra\u0161njosti, naprotiv, to mo\u017ee biti vrlo zanimljivo \u2014 stvara se mogu\u0107nost da se u\u010dini korisna stvar za avijacijske putnike \u0161irom svijeta, pro\u0161iruju\u0107i podru\u010dje pokrivenosti, kao i dobivanje pristupa Premium ra\u010dunu gore spomenutih stranica.<\/p>\n
Svima uspje\u0161ne eksperimente.<\/p>\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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