{"id":42166,"date":"2019-03-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/ekonomika-i-prava-cheloveka"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:44:59","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:44:59","slug":"ekonomika-i-prava-cheloveka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/ekonomika-i-prava-cheloveka","title":{"rendered":"Ekonomija i ljudska prava","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Prema rije\u010dima dekana Ekonomskog fakulteta MGUn Aleksandra Auzana, u razdobljima krize raste uloga i aktivnost \"institucionalnih\" ekonomista. Odnosno, ekonomista koji problem promatraju \u0161iroko. Nakon njih dolaze \"mainstream\" ekonomisti, koji dobro razmatraju i ra\u010dunaju uske, specifi\u010dne probleme. <\/p>\n

Zadatak \"institucionalnih\" ekonomista je odrediti op\u0107a na\u010dela, smjerove i tendencije koje mogu dovesti do ekonomskog rasta. Prona\u0107i svojevrsnu \"to\u010dku polazi\u0161ta\", \"oslonca\", koja \u0107e, prema Arhimedu, omogu\u0107iti da se \"svijet preokrene\".<\/p>\n

\"Ekonomija
\n
\nS jedne strane, kao to\u010dka polazi\u0161ta u ekonomiji dugo se smatrala \"Bogatstvo naroda\" Adama Smitha. U modernoj znanosti ova to\u010dka je preoblikovana u BDP - Bruto doma\u0107i proizvod.<\/p>\n

S druge strane, to\u010dka polazi\u0161ta u monetarizmu (Milton Friedman) i austrijskoj ekonomskoj \u0161koli (Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich von Hayek) jest sloboda. Ekonomijska i politi\u010dka sloboda.<\/p>\n

Tre\u0107a moderna to\u010dka polazi\u0161ta trenutno je pojam \"Me\u0111unarodni indeks sre\u0107e\".<\/p>\n

Dakle, u ovom trenutku ne postoji jedinstvena to\u010dka polazi\u0161ta.<\/p>\n

Ipak, tu to\u010dku mo\u017eemo otkriti ako analiziramo osnovna na\u010dela izgradnje suvremenog postindustrijskog demokratskog dru\u0161tva. Ako razumijemo \u0161to je zajedni\u010dko navedenim modelima. Gdje je njihova zajedni\u010dka po\u010detna to\u010dka.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nSuvremeni ekonomski sustav, kao i suvremeni demokratski sustav, nisu stvoreni sami za sebe. Stvoreni su za ljude. A to zna\u010di da \u010dovjek nije stvoren za dr\u017eavu, ve\u0107 dr\u017eava za \u010dovjeka. Zakoni nisu tu da ograni\u010de slobode \u010dovjeka, ve\u0107 da osiguraju po\u0161tivanje prava i sloboda svake osobe, za pove\u0107anje sre\u0107e i bogatstva svakog \u010dovjeka. Stoga, va\u017ean je ne BDP, ve\u0107 bogatstvo svake pojedine osobe.<\/p>\n

Dr\u017eave se sastoje od ljudi. Nema ljudi - nema ni dr\u017eave. Siroma\u0161ni ljudi - to je siroma\u0161na dr\u017eava. <\/p>\n

Bogatstvo, sre\u0107a, slobode \u010dovjeka - to je podru\u010dje po\u0161tivanja njegovih prava.<\/p>\n

Dakle, zajedni\u010dka to\u010dka u ekonomskim i politi\u010dkim raspravama i teorijama nalazi se u podru\u010dju ljudskih prava.<\/p>\n

I ako se ljudska prava potpuno po\u0161tuju, tada nastaje sre\u0107a, \"bogatstvo naroda\", raste BDP zemlje, a nastaju ekonomske slobode.<\/p>\n

\u0160to su ljudska prava? Postoji \u201eOp\u0107a deklaracija ljudskih prava\u201c. Mo\u017ee se uzeti kao osnova, iako smatram da mnoge odredbe ove Deklaracije ne osiguravaju u potpunosti prava i slobode ljudi. Ipak, to je bolje nego ni\u0161ta.<\/p>\n

Mo\u017eemo se tako\u0111er osloniti na rije\u010di Thomasa Jeffersona iz Deklaracije neovisnosti SAD-a, koje ka\u017eu da \u201esvi ljudi su stvoreni jednaki i da ih njihov Stvoritelj obdaruje odre\u0111enim neotu\u0111ivim pravima, me\u0111u kojima su \u017eivot, sloboda i te\u017enja za sre\u0107om\u201c. <\/p>\n

Ove rije\u010di su mnogo \u0161ire od odredbi deklaracije ljudskih prava i, po mom mi\u0161ljenju, preciznije.<\/p>\n

Ako uzmemo prava \u010dovjeka kao polazi\u0161nu to\u010dku, odgovori na mnoge o\u0161tre probleme suvremene ekonomije postat \u0107e o\u010diti. Bit \u0107e jasno u kojem pravcu ih rje\u0161avati, kakav bi trebao biti vektor rje\u0161avanja tih pitanja, u potpunom skladu s brigom za BDP, ekonomskim slobodama, sre\u0107om ljudi i \u201ebogatstvom naroda\u201c.<\/p>\n

Na primjer, pravo na \u017eivot podrazumijeva pravo na za\u0161titu \u017eivota i zdravlja, kao i pravo na smrt. Iz toga slijedi potreba legalizacije prodaje oru\u017eja za samoobranu, legalizacija eutanazije, pojednostavljenje i \u010dak ukidanje certifikacije lijekova, medicinskih ustanova, recepata itd. (vidi Milton Friedman \u201eSloboda izbora\u201c o FDA). \u010covjek mora imati pravo samostalno i slobodno birati \u010dime, kako i od koga \u0107e se lije\u010diti. Kako za\u0161tititi svoj \u017eivot i zdravlje. Slobodno birati zdravi na\u010din \u017eivota ili smrt od legalnih cigareta, britvi, u\u017ee ili alkohola, kao i od ilegalnih (u nekim zemljama) supstanci, pi\u0161tolja, eutanazije.
\nDrugi primjer. Pravo na rad tako\u0111er podrazumijeva legalizaciju prostitucije, \u0161to \u0107e tako\u0111er osigurati ljudima u toj profesiji pravo na \u017eivot i zdravlje. Isto tako, op\u0107e pravo na rad, pravo na slobodu kretanja zahtijeva maksimalno ubla\u017eavanje imigracijskih zakona.<\/p>\n

\"Ekonomija
\n
\nJesu li ova prava i slobode povezana s bogatstvom naroda i rastom BDP-a? Apsolutno. Legalizacija oru\u017eja za samoodbranu, prostitucije, imigracije, ukidanje certifikacije i licenciranja smanjuju tro\u0161kove prora\u010duna za policiju i druge slu\u017ebe, \u010dime se \u0161tede novci poreznih obveznika. Smanjenje prora\u010dunskih tro\u0161kova omogu\u0107uje smanjenje poreza i tako \u010dini svakog poreznog obveznika bogatijim i sretnijim. <\/p>\n

Legalizacija \u010dini mnoge poslove i prihode zakonitima, \u0161to dovodi do smanjenja kriminalnog novca i podriva ekonomsku osnovu kriminala. To zna\u010di da se smanjuju tro\u0161kovi prora\u010duna.<\/p>\n

\u0160tovi\u0161e, legalizacija \u010dini ljude zakonitima poreznim obveznicima, \u0161to pove\u0107ava BDP i prihode prora\u010duna.<\/p>\n

Na kraju, ljudi su bogati i sretni, BDP raste, a prora\u010dunski prihodi se pove\u0107avaju, pretvaraju\u0107i se u dodatne blagodat za ljude, na primjer, u obliku bezuvjetnog dohotka.<\/p>\n

Dakle, polazi\u0161na to\u010dka u suvremenoj ekonomiji trebala bi biti parametar potpune uskla\u0111enosti s ljudskim pravima. Upravo uskla\u0111enost s ljudskim pravima le\u017ei u osnovi rasta BDP-a i \u201ebogatstva naroda\u201d.<\/p>\n

Pri punoj uskla\u0111enosti s ljudskim pravima svi subjekti ekonomije imaju koristi. Stoga su ljudska prava osnovna polazna to\u010dka za suvremenu ekonomiju.<\/p>\n

* Detaljna argumentacija izlo\u017eenih teza sadr\u017eana je u knjizi \u201eEkonomija i ljudska prava\u201d
\nKnjigu mo\u017eete besplatno preuzeti<\/b> u PDF-u<\/a><\/noindex>, u FB2<\/a><\/noindex> ili u EPUB-u<\/a><\/noindex>.
\nU formatima FB2 i EPUB (za tablete, pametne telefone, elektroni\u010dke knjige) preuzimanje se odvija u pozadini, dok \u0107e se PDF otvoriti u istom prozoru (\u010dime \u0107e se strana Habra zatvoriti).<\/p>\n

Po\u0161tovani \u010ditatelji<\/b>, molim vas da zapamtite da je \u201eStil polemike va\u017eniji od predmeta polemike. Predmeti se mijenjaju, a stil stvara civilizaciju.\u201d (Grigorij Pomeranc). Ako nisam odgovorio na va\u0161 komentar, to zna\u010di da ne\u0161to nije u redu sa stilom va\u0161e polemike.<\/p>\n

Dodavanje.<\/b>
\nIspri\u010davam se svima koji su napisali smisleni komentar, a ja nisam odgovorio. Naime, jedan od korisnika je po\u010deo s minusanjem mojih komentara. Svaki put. \u010cim se pojavi. To mi ote\u017eava da prikupim \u201eenergiju\u201c i da dam plus u karmu i odgovorim onima koji pi\u0161u smisleni komentar.
\nAli ako ipak \u017eelite dobiti odgovor i raspraviti \u010dlanak, slobodno mi pi\u0161ite osobnu poruku. Odgovaram na njih.<\/p>\n

Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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