{"id":52139,"date":"2019-11-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/mirovoj-rekord-besprovodnoj-peredachi-dannyh-40-gbit-s-na-11-kilometrov"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:59:48","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:59:48","slug":"mirovoj-rekord-besprovodnoj-peredachi-dannyh-40-gbit-s-na-11-kilometrov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/mirovoj-rekord-besprovodnoj-peredachi-dannyh-40-gbit-s-na-11-kilometrov","title":{"rendered":"Svjetski rekord u be\u017ei\u010dnom prijenosu podataka: 40 Gbit\/s na 11 kilometara","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>U kolovozu 2019. godine, u Rusiji je po prvi put u svijetu (Da, to je istina) realiziran komercijalni projekt be\u017ei\u010dnog rezerviranja opti\u010dkog kabela kapaciteta 40 Gbit\/s. Operater 'Jedinstvo', podru\u017enica Norilsk Nickel-a, putem tog kanala postavio je 11-kilometarsku be\u017ei\u010dnu rezervu kroz Jenisej. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Svjetski rekord u be\u017ei\u010dnom prijenosu podataka: 40 Gbit\/s na 11 kilometara\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/954e0d901d0ab0651bb3b8860820669f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nS vremena na vrijeme, u medijima, uklju\u010duju\u0107i i Habr, pojavljuju se <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/news\/t\/394597\/\">bilje\u0161ke o svjetskim rekordima be\u017ei\u010dne komunikacije<\/a><\/noindex>. Zanimljivi su s obzirom na napredak tehnologija, ali to su uvijek istra\u017eiva\u010dki testovi. Ovdje je rije\u010d o pravom komercijalnom projektu, i to ne u uvjetima Silicijske doline ili europskog sveu\u010dili\u0161ta, ve\u0107 usred tajge na Polarnom krugu. Kako neobi\u010dno zvu\u010dalo, upravo ogromna zemlja, slo\u017eeni geografski i klimatski uvjeti stvaraju preduvjete za projekte koji su ispred najboljih istra\u017eiva\u010dkih laboratorija.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Kronologija posljednjih rekorda be\u017ei\u010dne komunikacije:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Svibanj 2013<\/b>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2013-05-gbits-ghz-world-wireless-transmission.html\">40 Gbit\/s na 1 km<\/a><\/noindex> na eksperimentalnoj frekvenciji 240 GHz kao zajedni\u010dki eksperiment znanstvenika Tehnolo\u0161kog instituta Karlsruhe, tvrtke Radiometer Physics GmbH i Fraunhofer instituta za primijenjenu fiziku \u010dvrstog tijela. Frekvencija signala nije dostupna za komercijalnu upotrebu.<\/li>\n<li><b>Svibanj 2016<\/b>: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/news\/t\/394597\/\">6 Gbit\/s na 37 km<\/a><\/noindex> u rasponu 70\/80 GHz, ista ekipa, ali kao novi eksperiment na frekvencijama dodijeljenim za komercijalne projekte,<\/li>\n<li><b>Studeni 2016<\/b>: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/\">20 Gbit\/s na 13 km<\/a><\/noindex>, istra\u017eiva\u010dki centar Facebook Connectivity Lab,<\/li>\n<li><b>Sije\u010danj 2019<\/b>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ericsson.com\/en\/press-releases\/2019\/1\/deutsche-telekom-and-ericsson-achieve-fiber-like-results-with-wireless-backhaul\">40 Gbit\/s na 1,4 km<\/a><\/noindex>, poligon Deutsche Telekom na serijskim ure\u0111ajima Ericsson, u svibnju 2019. pro\u0161irenje istih linkova na istom poligonu ve\u0107 na 8 u nizu dalo je oko 100 Gbit\/s,<\/li>\n<li><b>Kolovoz 2019<\/b>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lenta.ru\/news\/2019\/08\/21\/wireless\/\">40 Gbit\/s na 11 km<\/a><\/noindex>, Norilski operater 'Jedinstvo' na serijskom opremi LLC 'DOK' (Sankt Peterburg).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\nU biti, ne bi bilo nikakvog rekorda be\u017ei\u010dne komunikacije u uvjetima Polarnih krugova da nije bilo ledoloma na Yeniseju. Predistorija projekta je sljede\u0107a - 2017. godine, nakon \u0161to su operateri 'velike trojke' odbili razvijati komunikaciju prema Tajmyru, korporacija PJSC 'GMK Norilsk Nickel' na vlastite tro\u0161kove izgradila je ogromnu opti\u010dku magistralu (WOL) du\u017eine 956 km od Novog Urengoya do Norilska s kapacitetom od 40 Gbit\/s. To je stvarno slo\u017eena ruta koja prolazi kroz nepristupa\u010dno podru\u010dje, a njezini graditelji za ovaj posao su dobili vladine nagrade.<\/p>\n<p>Jedan od problema tijekom eksploatacije - prijelaz 40-gigabitskog kabela WOL-a preko Yeniseja bez mostova odlu\u010dili su rije\u0161iti polaganjem na dno rijeke, a za sigurnost je postavljeno nekoliko kabela. Me\u0111utim, ledolom lako o\u0161te\u0107uje optiku. Tako\u0111er, ledolom na Yeniseju nije doga\u0111aj koji traje samo jedan dan, a niti radovi na popravku nisu dopu\u0161teni u tom razdoblju zbog visoke opasnosti za ljude. <\/p>\n<p>Osim dodatnih kabela na dnu Yeniseja, ruta je rezervisana be\u017ei\u010dnim radiorelejn\u00edm kanalom od 1 Gbit\/s s telekomunikacijskih tornjeva s obje strane rijeke, u Igarki i naselju Priluki (ovaj radiokanala vidljiv je na gornjoj fotografiji - velika antena). Ali \u0161to je 1 Gbit\/s za opskrbu cijelog Norilskog industrijskog podru\u010dja u slu\u010daju o\u0161te\u0107enja optike... - suze. Stoga, tijekom jesensko-zimske sezone 2018-2019, norilski operater 'Jedinstvo', koji je dio PJSC 'GMK Norilsk Nickel', zapo\u010deo je projektne radove na izgradnji be\u017ei\u010dnog kanala preko Yeniseja s kapacitetom koji nije inferioran magistrali WOL. <\/p>\n<p>Na iznena\u0111enje stru\u010dnjaka iz \u00abJedinstva\u00bb, nijedan od svjetskih telekomunikacijskih brendova nije prihvatio ponude za isporuku opreme za 40-gigabitski be\u017ei\u010dni kanal na udaljenosti od 11 km. Razlog le\u017ei u slo\u017eenoj kombinaciji visoke propusnosti kanala i udaljenosti. Moderni serijski ure\u0111aji s kapacitetom od 10 Gbit\/s i vi\u0161e za opseg 70\/80 GHz imaju karakteristiku izuzetno ograni\u010dene udaljenosti. To se doga\u0111a zbog toga \u0161to je kod slo\u017eenih kodnih shema, kao \u0161to su QAM128 ili QAM256 \u2014 a samo one mogu posti\u0107i propusnost od 10 Gbit\/s ili vi\u0161e \u2014 te\u0161ko osigurati zna\u010dajnu snagu predajnika. Udaljenosti od 3-5 km su lako izvedive, dok na 11 km slabljenje signala postaje preveliko i povratak na standard 10GE nije mogu\u0107. <\/p>\n<p>Izazov je prihvatio doma\u0107i razvija\u010d iz Sankt Peterburga \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/dokltd.ru\/\">kompanija DOK<\/a><\/noindex>. Ve\u0107 su imali razvijene radiobri\u017enike koji su osiguravali potrebnu udaljenost. Prije ovog projekta testirali su kanal od 40 Gbit\/s u obliku 4 zajedni\u010dki radna radiobri\u017enika po 10 Gbit\/s na svom poligonu od 4 km, i bili su sigurni da je takvu propusnost mogu\u0107e posti\u0107i. No, u praksi, nitko nikada u telekomunikacijskoj industriji nije poku\u0161ao povezati 4 paralelna radiobri\u017enika od 10 Gbit\/s na udaljenosti od 11 km. <\/p>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Svjetski rekord u be\u017ei\u010dnom prijenosu podataka: 40 Gbit\/s na 11 kilometara\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/10bbb57f000d215286e2172169977f33.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNakon \u0161to su odbijenice stigle od svjetskih brendova, naru\u010ditelj u lice dru\u0161tva \u00abJedinstvo\u00bb tako\u0111er nije bio siguran ho\u0107e li doma\u0107a oprema mo\u0107i ispuniti projekt. Stoga je odlu\u010deno da se u po\u010detku postavi samo jedan radiobri\u017enik od 10 Gbit\/s na 11 km kao pilot faza. Ako se on poka\u017ee uspje\u0161nim, zadatak \u0107e se pro\u0161iriti na 4 paralelno radna radiobri\u017enika. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Svjetski rekord u be\u017ei\u010dnom prijenosu podataka: 40 Gbit\/s na 11 kilometara\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/8d572ba46bf36102132fc8eab4500803.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Svjetski rekord u be\u017ei\u010dnom prijenosu podataka: 40 Gbit\/s na 11 kilometara\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/66cf9992fddb577bfb58436196b372e9.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Svjetski rekord u be\u017ei\u010dnom prijenosu podataka: 40 Gbit\/s na 11 kilometara\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/da5e4d133a67bca0b57b7c9acdb39438.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>S tehni\u010dkog stajali\u0161ta, nije nu\u017eno prenositi 40 Gbit\/s u jednom kanalu, bilo zra\u010dnim putem ili putem opti\u010dkog kabela. Mnogo je lak\u0161e prenositi podatke kroz nekoliko paralelnih \u201eniti\u201c od 10 Gbit\/s. Mre\u017ena oprema standarda 10GE je jeftinija i dostupnija od prekida\u010da standarda 40GE. Osim toga, paralelne \u201eniti\u201c pru\u017eaju ve\u0107u pouzdanost za cijeli kanal. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nMe\u0111utim, postojala je jedna prepreka: za razliku od opti\u010dkog kabela, gdje signal na paralelnim vlaknima ne utje\u010de jedni na druge, radijski kanali trpe me\u0111usobne smetnje koje mogu dovesti do potpunog prekida veze. S tim se bori primjenom razli\u010dite polarizacije signala i razdvajanjem signala po frekvenciji. No, to je lak\u0161e re\u0107i nego ostvariti 'u hardveru'. In\u017eenjeri iz Peterburga razvili su shemu na velikim mikroshemama (MMIC, Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) temeljenim na arsenidu galija i bili su sigurni u svoje in\u017eenjersko rje\u0161enje.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eModeran radijski most standarda 10GE \u0161irom svijeta proizvodi se na unaprijed kupljenim mikroshemama. U ovom polju je neefikasno provoditi vertikalno integrirani razvoj kada se svi tehnolo\u0161ki procesi obavljaju u jednoj firmi \u2014 od nano\u0161enja mikroshema do sklapanja komponenti u gotov proizvod. To je otprilike kao kada mnoge kompanije proizvode ra\u010dunalne plo\u010de na osnovu \u010dipova Intel i AMD. Me\u0111utim, za razliku od masovnih plo\u010da za PC, za pode\u0161avanje mikroshema, kasnije poja\u010davanje signala i njegovo usmjeravanje prema anteni potrebna je posebna stru\u010dnost, a to zapravo predstavlja tajnu kompanija\u201c, komentirao je Valerij Salomatov, menad\u017eer projekta u tvrtki \u201eDOK\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Pilot radijski most od 10 Gbit\/s modela PPC-10G-E-HP uspje\u0161no je radio na tornjevima uz obale Jeniseja nekoliko mjeseci (svibanj-lipanj 2019). Ljetne ki\u0161e su najkriti\u010dnije vrijeme za radijsku komunikaciju u milimetarskom opsegu, jer su kapi ki\u0161e usporedive s valnom duljinom (oko 4 mm), \u0161to uzrokuje slabljenje signala. Zimi nema takvih problema, jer su pahulje snijega, kao i magla i dim - radiopropusni za be\u017ei\u010dnu komunikaciju u opsegu 70\/80 GHz.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Svjetski rekord u be\u017ei\u010dnom prijenosu podataka: 40 Gbit\/s na 11 kilometara\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/9da8e10aab4d2e6c173fbc1b4986c0bc.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Svjetski rekord u be\u017ei\u010dnom prijenosu podataka: 40 Gbit\/s na 11 kilometara\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/9cda146d363d534a1b93551a500a4fab.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nRadijski most od 10 Gbit\/s tvrtke \u201eDOK\u201c uspje\u0161no se nosio s vremenskim uvjetima i udaljenostima, nakon \u010dega je na osnovu statistike dostupnosti linije komunikacije operater \u201eJedinstvo\u201c donio odluku o pro\u0161irenju na 4 paralelna be\u017ei\u010dna kanala kapaciteta 10GE svaki. Monta\u017eu su obavili stru\u010dnjaci tvrtke \u201eJedinstvo\u201c, koji su samostalno razjasnili detalje pode\u0161avanja prema uputama za opremu. Krajem srpnja 2019. godine radijski most <br \/>\n40 Gbit\/s (4x 10 Gbit\/s) preko Jeniseja stavljen je u industrijsku eksploataciju u prisustvu \u0161efa monta\u017ene ekipe iz tvrtke \u201eDOK\u201c.<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/467753\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435 2019 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 (\u0414\u0430, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430) \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0435\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e 40 \u0413\u0431\u0438\u0442\/\u0441. \u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u00ab\u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u00bb, \u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041d\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 11-\u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0430\u043f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0415\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435, \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435 2019 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 (\u0414\u0430, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430) \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u043e 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