{"id":52185,"date":"2019-11-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-01T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/optimizatsiya-raspredeleniya-serverov-po-stojkam"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:59:51","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:59:51","slug":"optimizatsiya-raspredeleniya-serverov-po-stojkam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/optimizatsiya-raspredeleniya-serverov-po-stojkam","title":{"rendered":"Optimizacija raspodjele servera po ormari\u0107ima","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>U jednom od chatova postavili su mi pitanje:<\/p>\n<p> \u2014 Ima li ne\u0161to za pro\u010ditati o pravilnom pakiranju servera u stijene?<\/p>\n<p>Shvatio sam da ne znam takav tekst, pa sam napisao svoj.<\/p>\n<p>Prvo, ovaj tekst se odnosi na <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/server\/\"   title=\"fizi\u010dke servere\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1271\">fizi\u010dke servere<\/a> u fizi\u010dkim data centrima (DC). Drugo, pretpostavljamo da imamo dovoljno servera: stotine ili tisu\u0107e, za manje koli\u010dine ovaj tekst nije smislen. Tre\u0107e, imamo tri ograni\u010davaju\u0107a faktora: fizi\u010dko mjesto u stijene, napajanje po stijeni, i neka se stijene nalaze u redovima, tako da mo\u017eemo koristiti jedan ToR switch za povezivanje servera u susjednim stijenama.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nOdgovor na pitanje uvelike ovisi o tome koji parametar optimiziramo i \u0161to mo\u017eemo varirati da bismo postigli najbolji rezultat. Na primjer, mo\u017eda \u017eelimo zauzeti minimalno prostora kako bismo ostavili vi\u0161e za daljnji rast. A mo\u017eda imamo slobodu u odabiru visine stijenama, snage po stijeni, u\u0161\u0107ena u PDU, broju stijenama u grupi switcheva (jedan switch za 1, 2 ili 3 stijenama), du\u017eini \u017eica i radovima na provla\u010denju (to je kriti\u010dno na krajevima redova: pri 10 stijenama u redu i 3 stijenama na switch, morat \u0107emo povu\u0107i \u017eice u drugi red ili ne iskoristiti portove u switchu), itd., itd. Posebne pri\u010de: odabir servera i odabir DC, pretpostavimo da su odabrani.<\/p>\n<p>Bilo bi dobro razumjeti neke nijanse i detalje, posebno prosje\u010dnu\/maksimalnu potro\u0161nju servera i kako se elektri\u010dna energija isporu\u010duje. Dakle, ako imamo rusko napajanje od 230V i jednu fazu po stijeni, tada 32A automatski mo\u017ee izdr\u017eati ~7kW. Pretpostavimo da nominalno pla\u0107amo za 6kW po stijeni. Ako provajder mjeri na\u0161u potro\u0161nju samo po redu od 10 stijenama, a ne po svakoj stijeni, i ako je automatski postavljen na granici od 7kW, tada tehni\u010dki mo\u017eemo u zasebnoj stijeni potro\u0161iti 6.9kW, u drugoj 5.1kW i sve \u0107e biti u redu \u2014 ne ka\u017enjivo.<\/p>\n<p>Obi\u010dno je na\u0161 glavni cilj minimizacija tro\u0161kova. Najbolji kriterij za mjerenje je smanjenje TCO (total cost of ownership \u2014 ukupni tro\u0161ak vlasni\u0161tva). Sastoji se od sljede\u0107ih dijelova:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CAPEX: nabavka infrastrukture DC, servera, mre\u017ene opreme i kabliranja<\/li>\n<li>OPEX: najam DC, potro\u0161ena elektri\u010dna energija, odr\u017eavanje. OPEX ovisi o \u017eivotnom vijeku. Razumno je pretpostaviti da iznosi 3 godine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Optimizacija raspodjele servera po ormari\u0107ima\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/78c7455be5c3a630ec103de090fc14f2.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nOvisno o tome kako su veliki pojedina\u010dni komadi u ukupnoj torti, trebamo optimizirati ono \u0161to je najskuplje, a ostatak neka koristi sve preostale resurse \u0161to u\u010dinkovitije.<\/p>\n<p>Pretpostavimo da ve\u0107 imamo postoje\u0107i DC, imamo visinu racka H jedinica (za primjer H=47), elektri\u010dnu mo\u0107 po racku Prack (Prack=6kW), i odlu\u010dili smo koristiti h=2U dvounitne servere. Uklonit \u0107emo 2..4 jedinice iz racka za switcheve, patch panele i organizatore. Drugim rije\u010dima, fizi\u010dki, u na\u0161em racku staje Sh=rounddown((H-2..4)\/h) servera (tj. Sh = rounddown((47-4)\/2)=21 server na rack). Zapamtimo ovo Sh.<\/p>\n<p>U jednostavnom slu\u010daju svi serveri u racku su isti. Dakle, ako napunimo rack <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/server\/dts-dusseldorf\/\"   title=\"poslu\u017eiteljima\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3426\">poslu\u017eiteljima<\/a>, na svaki server mo\u017eemo u prosjeku potro\u0161iti snagu Pserv=Prack\/Sh (Pserv = 6000W\/21 = 287W). Za pojednostavljenje ovdje zanemarujemo potro\u0161nju switcheva.<\/p>\n<p>Napravimo korak u stranu i definirajmo \u0161to je maksimalna potro\u0161nja servera Pmax. Ako vrlo pojednostavimo, vrlo neu\u010dinkovito i potpuno sigurno, \u010ditamo \u0161to pi\u0161e na napajanju servera \u2014 to je to.<\/p>\n<p>Ako je slo\u017eenije, u\u010dinkovitije, uzimamo TDP (thermal design package) svih komponenti i zbrajamo (to nije ba\u0161 u redu, ali mo\u017ee i tako).<\/p>\n<p>Obi\u010dno ne znamo TDP komponenti (osim CPU), pa uzimamo najprecizniji, ali i najkompleksniji pristup (potrebna je laboratorija) \u2014 uzimamo eksperimentalni server sa potrebnom konfiguracijom i optere\u0107ujemo ga, na primjer, Linpackom (CPU i memorija) i fio (diskovi), mjere\u0107i potro\u0161nju. Ako se ozbiljno pristupa, potrebno je dodatno stvoriti \u0161to toplije okru\u017eenje u hladnom hodniku tijekom testova, jer to utje\u010de i na potro\u0161nju ventilatora i na potro\u0161nju CPU-a. Dobivamo maksimalnu potro\u0161nju odre\u0111enog servera s odre\u0111enom konfiguracijom u tim specifi\u010dnim uvjetima pod tim specifi\u010dnim optere\u0107enjem. Samo imajte na umu da nova firmware sustava, druga verzija softvera i drugi uvjeti mogu utjecati na rezultat.<\/p>\n<p>Dakle, vra\u0107amo se na Pserv i kako ga usporediti s Pmax. To je pitanje razumijevanja rada usluga i koliko su \u010dvrsti \u017eivci va\u0161eg tehni\u010dkog direktora.<\/p>\n<p>Ako ne \u017eelite preuzimati rizik, onda smatramo da svi serveri mogu u jednom trenutku po\u010deti tro\u0161iti svoj maksimalan kapacitet. U tom trenutku mo\u017ee do\u0107i do jednog unosa u DC. Infrastruktura, \u010dak i u tim uvjetima, treba pru\u017eiti uslugu, stoga Pserv \u2261 Pmax. Ovo je pristup u kojem je apsolutno va\u017ena pouzdanost.<\/p>\n<p>Ako tehni\u010dki direktor razmi\u0161lja ne samo o idealnoj sigurnosti, ve\u0107 i o financijama tvrtke i dovoljno je hrabar, tada se mo\u017ee zaklju\u010diti da<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>po\u010dinjemo upravljati na\u0161im dobavlja\u010dima, posebno zabranjuju\u0107i provo\u0111enje planiranog odr\u017eavanja tijekom razdoblja o\u010dekivanog vrhunca optere\u0107enja kako bismo minimizirali pad jednog ulaza;<\/li>\n<li>i\/ili na\u0161a arhitektura omogu\u0107ava gubitak ormara\/niza\/centra podataka, dok usluge nastavljaju raditi;<\/li>\n<li>i\/ili dobro raspore\u0111ujemo optere\u0107enje horizontalno po ormarima, tako da na\u0161e usluge nikada ne dosegnu maksimalnu potro\u0161nju u jednom ormari\u0107u sve zajedno.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nOvdje je vrlo korisno ne samo pretpostavljati, ve\u0107 i pratiti potro\u0161nju i znati kako u stvarnosti poslu\u017eitelji tro\u0161e elektri\u010dnu energiju u obi\u010dnim i vrhunskim uvjetima. Stoga, nakon odre\u0111ene analize, tehni\u010dki direktor sa\u017eima sve \u0161to ima i govori: \u201emi donosiom odlukom utvr\u0111ujemo da je maksimalno ostvarivo prosje\u010dno od maksimuma potro\u0161nje poslu\u017eitelja po ormari\u0107u **tako-tako** ispod maksimalne potro\u0161nje\u201d, uvjetno Pserv=0.8*Pmax.<\/p>\n<p>I tada u ormar od 6kW ne staje vi\u0161e 16 poslu\u017eitelja s Pmax = 375W, ve\u0107 20 poslu\u017eitelja s Pserv = 375W * 0.8 = 300W. To jest, 25% vi\u0161e poslu\u017eitelja. To je velika u\u0161teda \u2014 jer nam odmah treba 25% manje ormara (a tu \u0107emo jo\u0161 u\u0161tedjeti na PDU-u, switch-evima i kablovima). Ozbiljna mana takvog rje\u0161enja \u2014 potrebno je stalno pratiti jesu li na\u0161i pretpostavke i dalje ispravne. Da nova verzija firmwarea ne mijenja bitno rad ventilatora i potro\u0161nju, da razvoj iznenada s novim izdanjem nije po\u010deo koristiti poslu\u017eitelje mnogo u\u010dinkovitije (\u010ditaj postigao ve\u0107u optere\u0107enost i ve\u0107u potro\u0161nju). Jer onda postaju pogre\u0161ne i na\u0161e po\u010detne pretpostavke i zaklju\u010dci. To je rizik koji se mora odgovorno preuzeti (ili izbje\u0107i i tada platiti za o\u010dito nedovoljno optere\u0107ene ormari\u0107e).<\/p>\n<p>Va\u017ena napomena - trebate poku\u0161ati horizontalno rasporediti poslu\u017eitelje iz razli\u010ditih usluga po ormari\u0107ima, ako je to mogu\u0107e. To je potrebno kako ne bi do\u0161lo do situacija kada jedna serija poslu\u017eitelja za jednu uslugu sti\u017ee, ormari\u0107i se vertikalno pune njome kako bi se pove\u0107ala \u201egusto\u0107a\u201c (jer je to jednostavnije). U stvarnosti, to zna\u010di da je jedan ormari\u0107 prepun istih poslu\u017eitelja s malim optere\u0107enjem jedne usluge, a drugi - istih visoko optere\u0107enih. Vjerojatnost pada drugog je znatno ve\u0107a, jer je profil optere\u0107enja isti, i svi poslu\u017eitelji zajedno u tom ormari\u0107u po\u010dinju tro\u0161iti jednako mnogo zbog pove\u0107anja optere\u0107enja.<\/p>\n<p>Vratimo se raspodjeli poslu\u017eitelja u ormari\u0107ima. Razmotrili smo fizi\u010dka ograni\u010denja mjesta u ormari\u0107u i ograni\u010denja u napajanju, sada \u0107emo pogledati i mre\u017eu. Mo\u017eete koristiti switcheve s 24\/32\/48 portova N (u na\u0161em slu\u010daju imamo 48-portne ToR switcheve). Na sre\u0107u, opcija nije toliko mnogo, ako ne razmi\u0161ljate o break-out kabelima. Razmatramo scenarije kada imamo jedan switch po ormari\u0107u, jedan switch po dva ili tri ormari\u0107a u grupi Rnet. Mislim da vi\u0161e od tri ormari\u0107a u grupi ve\u0107 postaje previ\u0161e, jer problem kabeliranja izme\u0111u ormari\u0107a postaje znatno ve\u0107i.<\/p>\n<p>Dakle, za svaki mre\u017eni scenarij (1, 2 ili 3 ormari\u0107a u grupi) raspore\u0111ujemo poslu\u017eitelje po ormari\u0107ima:<\/p>\n<p>Srack = min(Sh, rounddown(Prack\/Pserv), rounddown(N\/Rnet))<\/p>\n<p>Dakle, za opciju s 2 ormari\u0107a u grupi:<\/p>\n<p>Srack2 = min(21, rounddown(6000\/300), rounddown(48\/2)) = min(21, 20, 24) = 20 poslu\u017eitelja po ormari\u0107u.<\/p>\n<p>Sli\u010dno ra\u010dunamo ostale opcije: <\/p>\n<p>Srack1 = 20 <br \/>\nSrack3 = 16<\/p>\n<p>I gotovo smo na cilju. Ra\u010dunamo broj ormari\u0107a za raspodjelu svih na\u0161ih poslu\u017eitelja S (neka bude 1000):<\/p>\n<p>R = roundup(S \/ (Srack * Rnet)) * Rnet<\/p>\n<p>R1 = roundup(1000 \/ (20 * 1)) * 1 = 50 * 1 = 50 ormari\u0107a<\/p>\n<p>R2 = roundup(1000 \/ (20 * 2)) * 2 = 25 * 2 = 50 ormari\u0107a<\/p>\n<p>R3 = roundup(1000 \/ (16 * 3)) * 3 = 25 * 2 = 63 ormari\u0107a<\/p>\n<p>Dalje ra\u010dunamo TCO za svaku opciju na temelju broja ormari\u0107a, potrebnog broja switcheva, kabeliranja, itd. Biramo onu opciju gdje je TCO manji. Profit!<\/p>\n<p>Primijetimo da, iako je potreban broj ormari\u0107a za opcije 1 i 2 isti, njihova cijena \u0107e biti razli\u010dita, jer je broj switcheva za drugu opciju dvostruko manji, a du\u017eina potrebnih kablova ve\u0107a.<\/p>\n<p>P.S. Ako postoji mogu\u0107nost igranja s snagom na ormari\u0107u i visinom ormari\u0107a, varijabilnost se pove\u0107ava. No, proces se mo\u017ee svesti na gore opisano, jednostavno isprobavaju\u0107i opcije. Da, kombinacija \u0107e biti vi\u0161e, ali ipak u znatno ograni\u010denom broju \u2014 napajanje na ormari\u0107u za prora\u010dun mo\u017ee se pove\u0107avati u koracima od 1 kW, tipi\u010dni ormari\u0107i dolaze u ograni\u010denom broju tipova: 42U, 45U, 47U, 48U, 52U. A ovdje pri prora\u010dunu mo\u017ee pomo\u0107i Excelov What-If analiza u re\u017eimu Data Table. Gledamo dobivene tablice i biramo minimum.<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/474112\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441: \u2014 \u0410 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438? \u042f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439. \u0412\u043e-\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445, \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445 (\u0414\u0426). \u0412\u043e-\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445, \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e: \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438-\u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0430. \u0412-\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0438\u0445, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":52186,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441: \u2014 \u0410 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438? 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