{"id":52709,"date":"2019-11-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-14T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/knative-platforma-kak-usluga-na-osnove-k8s-s-podderzhkoj-serverless"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:30","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:30","slug":"knative-platforma-kak-usluga-na-osnove-k8s-s-podderzhkoj-serverless","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/knative-platforma-kak-usluga-na-osnove-k8s-s-podderzhkoj-serverless","title":{"rendered":"Knative \u2014 platforma kao usluga temeljena na k8s s podr\u0161kom za serverless","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Knative \u2014 platforma kao usluga temeljena na k8s s podr\u0161kom za serverless\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/aea325ba02a1c869e3d4576c46a5ec1e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dominantna platforma za uvo\u0111enje kontejnera zasigurno je Kubernetes. Omogu\u0107uje upravljanje gotovo svim, koriste\u0107i svoje API-je i korisni\u010dke kontrolere koji pro\u0161iruju njegov API putem korisni\u010dkih resursa.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Me\u0111utim, korisnik i dalje mora donositi detaljne odluke o tome kako to\u010dno implementirati, konfigurirati, upravljati i skalirati aplikacije. Pitanja poput skaliranja aplikacije, za\u0161tite i prometa ostaju na volju korisnika. Ovim se Kubernetes razlikuje od obi\u010dnih &#171;platformi kao usluge&#187; (PaaS), poput Cloud Foundry i Heroku.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Platforme imaju pojednostavljeno korisni\u010dko su\u010delje, orijentirane na programere aplikacija koji se naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e bave konfiguriranjem pojedina\u010dnih aplikacija. Usmjeravanje, uvo\u0111enje i metrike transparentno upravljaju osnovnim sustavom PaaS.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Radni proces 'izvorni kod \u2013 isporuka' obra\u0111uje PaaS stvaranjem korisni\u010dke slike kontejnera, njenim uvo\u0111enjem, konfiguriranjem nove rute i DNS poddomene za dolazni promet. Sve to pokre\u0107e se po komandi. <code>git push<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>U Kubernetesu (namjerno) nude se samo osnovni blokovi za takve platforme, omogu\u0107uju\u0107i zajednici da obavi taj posao sama. Kao <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/kelseyhightower\/status\/935252923721793536\">rekao je Kelsey Hightower.<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Kubernetes je platforma za izgradnju platformi. Najbolja pozicija za po\u010detak, ali ne i za zavr\u0161etak.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Kao rezultat toga, vidimo skupinu Kubernetes izdanja, kao i hosting koji poku\u0161avaju stvoriti PaaS za Kubernetes, poput OpenShift i Rancher. Na pozadini rastu\u0107eg tr\u017ei\u0161ta Kube-PaaS, na scenu dolazi Knative, stvoren u srpnju 2018. godine od strane Googlea i Pivotal.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Knative je rezultat zajedni\u010dkog rada Googlea i Pivotal, uz malo pomo\u0107i drugih kompanija, poput IBM-a, RedHat-a i Solo.im. Pru\u017ea sli\u010dne PaaS mogu\u0107nosti za Kubernetes s vrhunskom podr\u0161kom za aplikacije koje se temelje na serverless ra\u010dunarstvu. Za razliku od Kubernetes izdanja, Knative se instalira kao dodatak na bilo koji kompatibilni Kubernetes klaster, konfigurira se putem korisni\u010dkih resursa.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"chto-takoe-knative\">\u0160to je Knative?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Knative je opisan kao &#171;Platforma temeljena na Kubernetesu za isporuku i upravljanje radnim optere\u0107enjima koriste\u0107i moderne bezposlu\u017ene izra\u010dune&#187;. Knative, proklamiraju\u0107i se kao takva platforma, automatski skalira kontejnere proporcionalno istovremenim HTTP zahtjevima. Neiskori\u0161tene usluge na kraju se skaliraju na nulu, pru\u017eaju\u0107i skaliranje po potrebi u stilu bezposlu\u017enih izra\u010duna.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Knative se sastoji od skupa kontrolera koji se instaliraju u bilo koji Kubernetes klaster i osiguravaju sljede\u0107e mogu\u0107nosti:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>izgradnju kontejneriziranih aplikacija iz izvorne koda (osigurava komponenta <em>Build<\/em>),<\/li>\n<li>osiguranje pristupa dolaznom prometu aplikacijama (osigurava komponenta <em>Serving<\/em>),<\/li>\n<li>isporuku i automatsko skaliranje aplikacija prema zahtjevu (tako\u0111er osigurava komponenta <em>Serving<\/em>),<\/li>\n<li>utvr\u0111ivanje izvora doga\u0111aja koji pokre\u0107u aplikacije (osigurava komponenta <em>Eventing<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Klju\u010dna komponenta je Serving, koja osigurava isporuku, automatsko skaliranje i upravljanje prometom za upravljane aplikacije. Nakon instalacije Knativea, i dalje postoji potpuni pristup Kubernetes API-ju, \u0161to omogu\u0107ava korisnicima da upravljaju aplikacijama <em>na uobi\u010dajen<\/em> na\u010din, kao i da slu\u017ee za otklanjanje gre\u0161aka Knative usluga, rade\u0107i s istim API primitivima koje te usluge koriste (moduli, usluge itd.).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kroz Serving se tako\u0111er automatizira blue-green usmjeravanje prometa, osiguravaju\u0107i podjelu prometa izme\u0111u novih i starih verzija aplikacije prilikom isporuke korisnikom a\u017eurirane verzije aplikacije.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Sam Knative ovisi o instalaciji kompatibilnog ingress kontrolera. U trenutku pisanja ovog \u010dlanka podr\u017eani su <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gloo.solo.io\/\">Gloo API Gateway<\/a><\/noindex> i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/istio.io\/\">Istio Service Mesh<\/a><\/noindex>. On \u0107e postaviti dostupni ingress za usmjeravanje prometa prema aplikacijama koje se upravljaju putem Knativea.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Istio Service Mesh mo\u017ee postati velika ovisnost za korisnike Knativea koji \u017eele isprobati bez instalacije Istio kontrolne plo\u010de, budu\u0107i da Knative ovisi samo o gatewayu.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Zbog toga ve\u0107ina korisnika preferira Gloo kao pristupnik za Knative, koji pru\u017ea sli\u010dan skup mogu\u0107nosti kao Istio (govore\u0107i o namjeni kori\u0161tenja samo Knative), a tako\u0111er koristi zna\u010dajno manje resursa i donosi manje operativne tro\u0161kove.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pogledajmo Knative u akciji na demonstraciji. Koristit \u0107u svje\u017ee instalirani klaster, pokrenut u GKE:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">kubectl get namespace\nNAME          STATUS   AGE\ndefault       Active   21h\nkube-public   Active   21h\nkube-system   Active   21h<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Zapo\u010dnimo instalaciju Knative i Gloo. To se mo\u017ee u\u010diniti u bilo kojem redoslijedu:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\"># \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c Knative-Serving\nkubectl apply -f \n https:\/\/github.com\/knative\/serving\/releases\/download\/v0.8.0\/serving-core.yaml\nnamespace\/knative-serving created\n# ...\n# \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c Gloo\nkubectl apply -f \n  https:\/\/github.com\/solo-io\/gloo\/releases\/download\/v0.18.22\/gloo-knative.yaml\nnamespace\/gloo-system created\n# ...<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Provjeravamo da su svi Pods u statusu &#171;Running&#187;:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">kubectl get pod -n knative-serving\nNAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE\nactivator-5dd55958cc-fkp7r        1\/1     Running   0          7m32s\nautoscaler-fd66459b7-7d5s2        1\/1     Running   0          7m31s\nautoscaler-hpa-85b5667df4-mdjch   1\/1     Running   0          7m32s\ncontroller-85c8bb7ffd-nj9cs       1\/1     Running   0          7m29s\nwebhook-5bd79b5c8b-7czrm          1\/1     Running   0          7m29s\nkubectl get pod -n gloo-system\nNAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE\ndiscovery-69548c8475-fvh7q                1\/1     Running   0          44s\ngloo-5b6954d7c7-7rfk9                     1\/1     Running   0          45s\ningress-6c46cdf6f6-jwj7m                  1\/1     Running   0          44s\nknative-external-proxy-7dd7665869-x9xkg   1\/1     Running   0          44s\nknative-internal-proxy-7775476875-9xvdg   1\/1     Running   0          44s<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Gloo je spreman za usmjeravanje, hajde da kreiramo automatski skalabilnu uslugu Knative (nazovimo je kservice) i usmjerimo promet prema njoj.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Knative servisi pru\u017eaju lak\u0161i put za isporuku aplikacija u Kubernetes \u2014 u usporedbi sa standardnim modelom Deployment+Service+Ingress. Radit \u0107emo s ovim primjerom:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">apiVersion: serving.knative.dev\/v1alpha1\nkind: Service\nmetadata:\n name: helloworld-go\n namespace: default\nspec:\n template:\n   spec:\n     containers:\n       - image: gcr.io\/knative-samples\/helloworld-go\n         env:\n           - name: TARGET\n             Value: Knative user<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Kopirao sam ovo u datoteku, a zatim primijenio na moj Kubernetes klaster na sljede\u0107i na\u010din:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">kubectl apply -f ksvc.yaml -n default<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017eemo pregledati resurse koje je Knative stvorio u klasteru nakon isporuke na\u0161eg &#8216;helloworld-go&#8217; <em>kservice<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">kubectl get pod -n default\nNAME                                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE\nhelloworld-go-fjp75-deployment-678b965ccb-sfpn8   2\/2     Running   0          68s<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pod s na\u0161om slikom &#8216;helloworld-go&#8217; pokre\u0107e se prilikom implementacije kservice. Ako ne bude prometa, broj podova \u0107e se smanjiti na nulu. I obrnuto, ako broj istovremenih zahtjeva prema\u0161i odre\u0111enu konfigurabilnu granicu, broj podova \u0107e rasti.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">kubectl get ingresses.networking.internal.knative.dev -n default\nNAME            READY   REASON\nhelloworld-go   True<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Knative konfigurira svoj ingress koriste\u0107i posebni &#8216;ingress&#8217; resurs u unutarnjem API-ju Knative. Gloo uzima ovaj API kao svoju konfiguraciju za pru\u017eanje svojstava svojstvenih PaaS-u, uklju\u010duju\u0107i blue-green model implementacije, automatsko primanje TLS-a, vremenske limite i druge napredne zna\u010dajke usmjeravanja.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nakon nekog vremena primijetili smo da su na\u0161i pod-ovi nestali (jer nije bilo dolaznog prometa):<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">kubectl get pod -n default\n\nNema prona\u0111enih resursa.\nkubectl get deployment -n default\nNAME                             DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE\nhelloworld-go-fjp75-deployment   0         0         0            0           9m46s<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na kraju \u0107emo poku\u0161ati do\u0107i do njih. Dobiti URL za Knative Proxy lako i bez problema mo\u017eete preko <code>glooctl<\/code>:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">glooctl proxy url --name knative-external-proxy\nhttp:\/\/35.190.151.188:80<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Bez postavljenog <code>glooctl<\/code> mo\u017eete provjeriti adresu i port u kube servisu:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">kubectl get svc -n gloo-system knative-external-proxy\nNAME                     TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP      PORT(S)                      AGE\nknative-external-proxy   LoadBalancer   10.16.11.157   35.190.151.188   80:32168\/TCP,443:30729\/TCP   77m<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pustit \u0107emo malo podataka pomo\u0107u cURL-a:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">curl -H \"Host: helloworld-go.default.example.com\" http:\/\/35.190.151.188\nHello Knative user!<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Knative pru\u017ea gotovo-PaaS za programere iznad &#171;kutijastog&#187; Kubernetesa, koriste\u0107i visokou\u010dinkovit punopravni API gateway Gloo. Ova napomena samo je lagano dotaknula opse\u017ean broj mogu\u0107nosti Knative dostupnih za konfiguraciju, kao i dodatnih zna\u010dajki. Sli\u010dno je i s Gloo!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Iako je Knative jo\u0161 uvijek mlad projekt, njegov tim izdaje nove verzije svake \u0161est tjedana, a implementacija naprednih funkcija, kao \u0161to su automatsko raspore\u0111ivanje TLS-a, automatsko skaliranje upravlja\u010dke plo\u010de, je zapo\u010dela. Postoji velika vjerojatnost da bi se suradnjom brojnih cloud tvrtki, kao i kao osnove nove ponude Cloud Run od Google-a, Knative mogao postati osnovni izbor za organizaciju serverless ra\u010dunalstva i PaaS u Kubernetesu. Ostanite informirani!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Iz uredni\u0161tva SouthBridge<\/em><br \/>\nVa\u0161e je mi\u0161ljenje va\u017eno, stoga vas molimo da sudjelujete u malom anketnom istra\u017eivanju vezanom uz budu\u0107e \u010dlanke o Knative, Kubernetesu, serverless ra\u010dunalstvu:<\/p>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Samo registrirani korisnici mogu sudjelovati u anketi. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">Prijavite se<\/a><\/noindex>, molimo.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">Treba li nastaviti pisati \u010dlanke i vodi\u010de o Knative i serverless ra\u010dunalstvu?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"content-list content-list_polling\">\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Da, molim vas.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Hvala, ne treba.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    Glasovalo je 28 korisnika. Suzdr\u017ealo se 4 korisnika.<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/southbridge\/blog\/475630\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b Kubernetes. \u041e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c, 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