{"id":52749,"date":"2019-11-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-15T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/chetyryohurovnevaya-model-sistemnogo-administratora"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:33","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:33","slug":"chetyryohurovnevaya-model-sistemnogo-administratora","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chetyryohurovnevaya-model-sistemnogo-administratora","title":{"rendered":"\u010cetverostupanjska model sustavnog administratora","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Uvod<\/h4>\n

\nProizvodna tvrtka u HR-u je zatra\u017eila obja\u0161njenje \u010dime se bavi sistemski administrator. Za organizacije s jednim IT stru\u010dnjakom, ovo je zamr\u0161en problem. Poku\u0161ao sam jednostavno opisati funkcijske razine jednog stru\u010dnjaka. Nadam se da \u0107e nekome ovo pomo\u0107i u komunikaciji s osobama koje nisu iz IT-a. Ako sam ne\u0161to propustio, stariji kolege \u0107e me ispraviti.<\/p>\n

\"\u010cetverostupanjska
\n<\/p>\n

Razina: Tehni\u010dar<\/h4>\n

\nZadaci<\/i>. Ovdje se rje\u0161avaju poslovni problemi. Radi se o onome \u0161to se mo\u017ee fizi\u010dki dodirnuti. Na ovoj razini: revizija, inventura, sustav evidencije, bu\u0161ilica, odvija\u010d. Uklonite kabele ispod stolova. Zamijenite ventilator ili napajanje. Prona\u0111ite IT ugovore, jamstvene potvrde i poslo\u017eite ih u mape. Zapi\u0161ite brojeve telefona 1C stru\u010dnjaka, majstora za uredsku tehniku, davatelje usluga. Upoznajte se s \u010distilicom. \u010cistilica je va\u0161 prijatelj i pomo\u0107nik. <\/p>\n

To je temelj. Ne mo\u017eete raditi na sljede\u0107im razinama ako vas prekidaju pozivi zbog blijedog ispisa ili prazne baterije. Rezervni toner treba biti u ladici ispod MFP-a, zamjenske baterije za mi\u0161eve kod uredskog menad\u017eera. A vi se trebate pobrinuti za to. <\/p>\n

Na ovoj razini gotovo da ne radite za ra\u010dunalom. Vi\u0161e vas zanima postoji li u tvrtki obi\u010dni usisava\u010d nego verzija sustava operativnog sustava.<\/p>\n

Interakcija<\/i>. Na ovoj razini, osim s IT kolegama, komunicirate s upraviteljem objekta, in\u017eenjerom zgrade, \u010distilicama, elektri\u010darom. Komunicirajte s po\u0161tovanjem. Vi ste njihovi kolege. Imate mnogo zajedni\u010dkih zadataka. Trebate si me\u0111usobno pomagati. <\/p>\n

Kvalitete<\/i>. Spretne ruke, urednost, ljubav prema redu.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Razina 2: EniKey<\/h4>\n

\nZadaci<\/i>. Rad s korisni\u010dkim programima. 80% tehni\u010dke podr\u0161ke pada na EniKey.<\/p>\n

Sjedamo za ra\u010dunalo. Znate najmanje tri na\u010dina za rje\u0161avanje ve\u0107ine problema s kojima se korisnici obra\u0107aju. To izaziva odre\u0111enu drskost. No, zapamtite, oni donose novac za tvrtku. A vi samo znate brzo reinstalirati Windows i znate da neke vrste pisa\u010dkih drajvera bolje nikada ne koristiti. U osnovi, vi ste vrlo napredan korisnik. Mo\u017eete rije\u0161iti problem s tablicom u Excelu i dokumentom u Wordu. Postaviti i konfigurirati bilo koji program. <\/p>\n

Na ovoj razini radite za ra\u010dunalom. Ve\u0107inom za tu\u0111im. Va\u017eno je poznavati specifi\u010dni softver koji se koristi u tvrtki. Ra\u010dunovodstvo je svuda prisutno, stoga su posebnosti konfiguracije 1C na strani klijenta u razli\u010ditim postavkama va\u0161 kruh. No tu su jo\u0161 dizajneri, odvjetnici, proizvodni odjel. I oni imaju svoje programe s vlastitim karakteristikama. Ponekad tu su i programeri. Dobra vijest: oni \u0107e sve sami postaviti. <\/p>\n

Interakcija<\/i>. Poga\u0111ate. S korisnicima. No ne samo s njima. Online servisi potiskuju obi\u010dne aplikacije. Na web stranicama se predaju zahtjevi, kontroliraju isporuke, izdaju propusnice, rade s vladinim ugovorima. Ove servise niste vi pisali. No, pitati \u0107e vas. Za\u0161to s ove stranice ne mo\u017ee isprintati otpremnica u Excel? A ju\u010der je radilo. Trebat \u0107e vam telefon tehni\u010dke podr\u0161ke i nekoliko \u0161amanskih bubnjeva. <\/p>\n

Kvalitete<\/i>. Izdr\u017eljivost, sposobnost brzog rje\u0161avanja zadataka, marljivost.<\/p>\n

Razina 3: Sistem administrator<\/h4>\n

\nZadaci<\/i>. Servisi, serveri, mre\u017ee, sigurnosne kopije, dokumentacija.<\/p>\n

Pitajte anikeja: radi li server? Odgovorit \u0107e: treba uzeti klju\u010deve od server sobe i provjeriti je li crna kutija s zelenim lampicama u pogonu. <\/p>\n

A sistem administrator na ovo pitanje ne mo\u017ee odgovoriti.<\/b>Prvo \u0107e trebati shvatiti o \u010demu se radi. Vjerojatno se odnosi na server 1C: Poduze\u0107e. No, nije sigurno. Mo\u017eda se radi o bazi podataka Microsoft SQL Server, u kojoj 1C pohranjuje podatke? Ili o virtualnom operativnom sustavu Windows Server 2019, na kojem je pokrenut taj SQL Server? Windows Server 2019, s druge strane (samo ne brinite, ovo \u0107e uskoro zavr\u0161iti) pokrenut je na VMware ESX Server, na kojem radi jo\u0161 desetak drugih. virtualnih servera<\/a>. A VMware ESX radi na onom crnom serveru s lijepim lampicama.
\nNa ovoj razini imate solidno ra\u010dunalo s dva monitora, na jednom je otvoren \u010dlanak \"kako postaviti XXX<\/i> u YYY<\/i>\" na drugom - konzolu udaljenog servera c YYY<\/i>, gdje poku\u0161avate napraviti XXX<\/i>. I vi ste odli\u010dni, sve vam ide super, ako je taj udaljeni server u testnom okru\u017eenju. <\/p>\n

Programiranje skripti, sigurnosne kopije, sustavi nadzora, baze podataka, virtualizacija poslu\u017eitelja<\/a> \u2014 to su zadatci sistem administratora. Korisnici ga umaraju, odvla\u010de ga od prekrasnog svijeta konzolnih komandi, skadi\u0161ta podataka i cloud servera. Tako\u0111er ne voli komunicirati s nadredjenima, jer im je te\u0161ko objasniti \u010dime se to\u010dno bavi i za\u0161to bi trebali kupiti jo\u0161 jedan server za 300 tisu\u0107a.<\/p>\n

Sve zato \u0161to se sistem administrator bavi infrastrukturnim servisima.
\nPitajte Google \u0161to je to i... jasno vam ne\u0107e biti. U stvarnosti, sve je jednostavno.
\nTo su sustavi koji sami po sebi nisu potrebni. Ve\u0107 samo za rad drugih sustava. <\/p>\n

Evo laptopa. Treb\u0430\u0442\u0435 ga za rad. Da biste postavili vi\u0161e laptopa, potrebna vam je Active Directory usluga. AD je infrastrukturni servis. Mo\u017ee li se bez Active Directory? Mo\u017ee. Ali s njim je lak\u0161e. Tamo gdje je bilo potrebno pet administratora, sada to obavlja jedan.<\/p>\n

Interakcija<\/i>. Sistem administrator se svejedno mora komunicirati. I to \u010desto. S drugim sistem administratorima. S klijentovim administratorom rje\u0161avat \u0107ete za\u0161to ne radi e-mail izme\u0111u e-mail servera va\u0161ih tvrtki. S pru\u017eateljem IP telefonskih usluga, za\u0161to ne radi unutarnji broj. S Diadokom, za\u0161to ne radi elektroni\u010dka potpisa dokumenata. S fran\u0161izom 1C istra\u017eivat \u0107ete granice odgovornosti. A programerima treba osigurati virtualno okru\u017eenje za web servere i pristup bazi podataka.<\/p>\n

Kvalitete<\/i>. Sposobnost razbijanja slo\u017eenih zadataka na nekoliko jednostavnih, strpljenja, pa\u017enje. Sposobnost postavljanja prioriteta. <\/p>\n

3.1 podrazina: Mre\u017eni administrator<\/h4>\n

\nMre\u017eni administrator. To je stru\u010dnjak za ra\u010dunalne mre\u017ee. Njegov veliki svijet. Bez mre\u017enog in\u017eenjera ne mo\u017ee pro\u0107i niti pru\u017eatelj usluga, niti telekom unikom, niti banke. U velikim tvrtkama s mre\u017eom podru\u017enica mre\u017enom administratoru tako\u0111er ima dovoljno posla. Osnove ovog zanimanja trebali bi ovladati svi sistemski administratori.<\/p>\n

3.2 podrazina: Programer<\/h4>\n

\nTo su programeri. Imaju svoju kastu, pa \u010dak i nekoliko. Neki pi\u0161u online trgovine, dok drugi rade obrade u 1C. Rad je zanimljiv, ali ako u obi\u010dnoj, netehni\u010dkoj tvrtki postoji pozicija programera, mogu\u0107e je da ne\u0161to nije u redu s poslovnim procesima. Sistem administratori pi\u0161u kod za automatizaciju svojih zadataka, ali sistem administrator i programer su razli\u010dita zanimanja. <\/p>\n

4. razina: Menad\u017eer<\/h4>\n

\nZadaci<\/i>. Upravljanje IT-om. Upravljanje rizicima. Upravljanje o\u010dekivanjima poslovanja. Izra\u010dun ekonomske u\u010dinkovitosti.<\/p>\n

Planirate strategiju razvoja IT-a. Kontrolirate taj proces. Prenosite svoju viziju rukovodstvu. Organizirate projekte unutar te strategije. Raspore\u0111ujete resurse vremena svog tima i bud\u017eeta odjela. <\/p>\n

Nije vam va\u017eno kako Linux radi, ali vas zanima isplati li se pre\u0107i s Windows-a na Linux uzimaju\u0107i u obzir tro\u0161kove eksploatacije. <\/p>\n

Ne\u0107ete istra\u017eivati za\u0161to web stranica nije radila, ali znate koliko je kompaniju ko\u0161tala satna neaktivnost ovog servisa. <\/p>\n

I ako sistemski administrator radi kako bi sve radilo i bilo stabilno, vi, kao menad\u017eer, zapravo mu ote\u017eavate. Jer uvodite promjene. A promjene su rizik od zastoja za biznis, dodatni rad za sistemskog administratora i usporavanje rada tijekom obuke korisnika. <\/p>\n

Interakcija<\/i>. Rukovodstvo, top menad\u017ement, outsourcing kompanije. Komunicirate s biznisom. Va\u017eno je razumjeti poslovne procese i kako IT mo\u017ee utjecati na biznis u cjelini. <\/p>\n

Kvalitete<\/i>. Sposobnost komunikacije s rukovodstvom, dogovor s drugim menad\u017eerima, postavljanje zadataka i postizanje njihovog izvr\u0161enja. Sistematski pristup.<\/p>\n

Zaklju\u010dci<\/h4>\n

\nKorisnici o\u010dekuju da \u0107ete mijenjati patrone umjesto njih. Rukovodstvo bi htjelo vidjeti s va\u0161e strane neke strate\u0161ke inicijative. Oboje su na svoj na\u010din u pravu. Prona\u0107i ravnote\u017eu izme\u0111u tih zahtjeva i izgraditi odnose unutar kolektiva \u2014 to je zanimljiv zadatak. Kako \u0107ete ga vi rije\u0161iti?
\n
Izvor: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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