{"id":53040,"date":"2019-11-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-21T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/yazykovye-sloi"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:00:54","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:00:54","slug":"yazykovye-sloi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/yazykovye-sloi","title":{"rendered":"Jezicki slojevi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bok, Habr!<\/p>\n<p>Predla\u017eem vam prijevod \u010dlanka \u201e<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clck.ru\/JwFe2\">Jezicne razine<\/a><\/noindex>\u201c autora Robert C. Martin (Ujak Bob).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jezicki slojevi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/7443f8be2481982b85afe6f8368a9e81.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nProvodim vrijeme igraju\u0107i staru igru \u201eLunar Lander\u201c iz 1969. godine. Napisao ju je Jim Storer, srednjo\u0161kolac. Napisao ju je na PDP-8 u jeziku FOCAL. Evo kako izgleda program: <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jezicki slojevi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/44821c373bf1285cf7085306e194cc14.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nA evo i izvorni kod na FOCAL-u:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Jezicki slojevi\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/bcde722861952deb2e7e8e3f7064c992.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJim Storer je bio prili\u010dno talentiran srednjo\u0161kolac. Pogledajte ovaj kod. Ima prili\u010dno zanimljive Taylorove izraze. <\/p>\n<p>Dakle, provodim binarno pretra\u017eivanje kako bih odredio vrijednost K koja \u0107e savr\u0161eno sletjeti brod prilikom uzastopne upotrebe. Zato sam izmijenio program tako da prihva\u0107a samo jednu vrijednost, a zatim je primjenjuje nekoliko puta dok brod ne sleti ili se ne razbije. Dok ovo pi\u0161em, znam da odgovor le\u017ei izme\u0111u 76.40625 i 76.4453125, i probat \u0107u 76.4257813. Po\u010dinjemo misliti da \u0107e mi ponestati vremena prije nego \u0161to prona\u0111em odgovor. <\/p>\n<p>U me\u0111uvremenu, palo mi je na pamet da sam pokrenuo ovaj program na emulatoru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clck.ru\/JwGvr\">PDP-8<\/a><\/noindex>, kojeg sam napisao u Lua za iPad.<\/p>\n<p>Dakle, dobro, hajde da razmislimo o tome.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>iPad ima \u010dip <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clck.ru\/JwGxH\">A8X<\/a><\/noindex>, s tri jezgre koja rade na brzini od gigeherca ili otprilike tako.<\/li>\n<li>Lua je napisana u C i kompilira se u A8X.<\/li>\n<li>Moj emulator PDP8 napisan je u Lua, koriste\u0107i paket <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clck.ru\/JwGy4\">CODEA<\/a><\/noindex> iz dijela Two Lives Left.<\/li>\n<li>FOCAL je napisan krajem 1960-ih na PDP8.<\/li>\n<li>Lunar Lander je napisan na FOCAL-u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDakle, to su A8X, C, Lua, PDP8 i FOCAL. To su pet razli\u010ditih jezika. Pet razli\u010ditih mehanizama koji govore ma\u0161ini \u0161to da radi; svi su slo\u017eeni jedni na druge! <\/p>\n<p>\u0160to je to? Za\u0161to ima toliko jezika? Zapravo, zaboravite na iPad, PDP-8, C, Lua i sve ostale. Za\u0161to ih ima toliko? <\/p>\n<p>##\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432? <\/p>\n<p>Razmislite o tome! Koliko jezika programiranja mo\u017eete nabrojati? Evo, dopustite mi da vam dam mali popis:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> FORTRAN<\/li>\n<li> ALGOL<\/li>\n<li> COBOL<\/li>\n<li> SNOBOL<\/li>\n<li> LISP<\/li>\n<li> BCPL<\/li>\n<li> B<\/li>\n<li> C<\/li>\n<li> SIMULA<\/li>\n<li> SMALLTALK<\/li>\n<li> EIFFEL<\/li>\n<li> C++<\/li>\n<li> JAVA<\/li>\n<li> C#<\/li>\n<li> PYTHON<\/li>\n<li> RUBY<\/li>\n<li> LOGO<\/li>\n<li> LUA<\/li>\n<li> BASIC<\/li>\n<li> PL\/1<\/li>\n<li> JAVASCRIPT<\/li>\n<li> GO<\/li>\n<li> DART<\/li>\n<li> PROLOG<\/li>\n<li> FORTH<\/li>\n<li> SWIFT<\/li>\n<li> ML<\/li>\n<li> OCCAM<\/li>\n<li> OCAML<\/li>\n<li> ADA<\/li>\n<li> ERLANG<\/li>\n<li> ELIXIR<\/li>\n<li> FOCAL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNaravno, mo\u017eete razmi\u0161ljati o drugim jezicima koje nisam spomenuo. Pitanje je za\u0161to ih ima toliko? Na to pitanje zapravo mo\u017ee biti samo jedan odgovor. Razlog za\u0161to postoji toliko jezika programiranja: <\/p>\n<blockquote><p> <em>Nisu nam se svidjeli.<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nPa, mo\u017eda je to previ\u0161e sna\u017ena izjava. Mo\u017eda bih trebao re\u0107i: <\/p>\n<blockquote><p> <em>Bili smo u Hollywoodu.<br \/>\n Bili smo u Redwoodu.<br \/>\n Pre\u0161li smo ocean zbog zlatnog koda.<br \/>\n Bili smo u svom umu,<br \/>\n To je tako tanka granica.<br \/>\n To nas tjera da tra\u017eimo zlatni kod.<\/p>\n<p> A mi starimo.<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Dobro, mo\u017eda bi trebalo da govorim za sebe\u2026 Zar nisi samo \u017eeleo da vi\u010de\u0161 na Nila Younga da prestane da se \u017eali, da na\u0111e neku slatku devojku i \u017eivi sa njom? Zar nisi hteo da mu ka\u017ee\u0161 da su potraga za zlatnim srcem bile uzaludne? Reci mi, \u0161ta bi on uradio s njim da ga je na\u0161ao? <\/p>\n<p>I \u0161ta bismo uradili s idealnim jezikom da ga prona\u0111emo?<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Stvorili smo emulatore PDP-8 i FOCAL kako bismo igrali &#187; Lunar Lander&#187;, koju je napisao u\u010denik srednje \u0161kole 1969. godine!<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <b>Evo \u0161ta mislim.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Pomirite se s tim. Prestanite sa potragom. Ne postoji idealni jezik. Tra\u017eili smo svuda. Gledali smo odozgo i odozdo. Gledali smo unutra i napolju.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p> <em>Pogledali smo jezike s obe strane.<br \/>\n Iznutra i spolja<br \/>\n i do danas na ovaj ili onaj na\u010din.<br \/>\n Setimo se da su ovo jezi\u010dke iluzije.<\/p>\n<p>U stvari ne razumemo ni\u0161ta o jezicima\u2026<br \/>\n\u2026 uop\u0161te.<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Da, danas je neobi\u010dan dan.<\/p>\n<p>Ali, su\u0161tina je:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p> <em>Ne trebamo drugi jezik.<br \/>\n Ne treba nam da znamo put ku\u0107i.<br \/>\n Sve \u0161to \u017eelimo je da pre\u0111emo granice \u017eivota.<br \/>\n S.Q.L.<\/em>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Da, \u010dudan dan.<\/p>\n<p>Dakle, postoji jedna misao. Mo\u017eda bismo trebali prestati sa stvaranjem novih jezika i jednostavno se smiriti i izabrati jedan ili dva koja su stvarno dobra. To bi mnogo olak\u0161alo \u017eivot, zar ne?<\/p>\n<p>I, ako vas zanima, 76.43844461 vam daje prili\u010dno dobar slet na 2.23 MPH.<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/476644\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u00abLanguage Layers\u00bb \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob). \u042f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0443 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0443 \u00abLunar Lander\u00bb 1969 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b. \u041e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430 PDP-8 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 FOCAL. \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430: \u0410 \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 FOCAL: \u0414\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u044b\u043b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u00abLanguage Layers\u00bb \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 Robert C.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/yazykovye-sloi\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.4\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0438 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u00abLanguage Layers\u00bb \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 Robert C.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/news\/yazykovye-sloi\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-21T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-02-18T11:00:54+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Jezici slojevi | ProHoster","description":"Zdravo, Habr! 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