{"id":53243,"date":"2019-11-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-26T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/bolshe-chem-antispam-kak-vyzhat-maksimum-iz-security-email-gateway"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:07","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:07","slug":"bolshe-chem-antispam-kak-vyzhat-maksimum-iz-security-email-gateway","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/bolshe-chem-antispam-kak-vyzhat-maksimum-iz-security-email-gateway","title":{"rendered":"Vi\u0161e od antispama: kako izvu\u0107i maksimum iz Security Email Gateway","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dok velike tvrtke Enterprise grade vi\u0161eslojne barijere od potencijalnih unutarnjih napada\u010da i hakera, manjim tvrtkama glavobolja ostaju phishing i spam poruke. Da je Marty McFly znao da u 2015. godini (a kamoli u 2020.) ljudi ne samo da ne\u0107e izumiti lete\u0107e daske, ve\u0107 ni potpuno eliminirati ne\u017eeljenu po\u0161tu, vjerojatno bi izgubio vjeru u \u010dovje\u010danstvo. \u0160tovi\u0161e, spam je danas ne samo dosadan, ve\u0107 \u010desto i \u0161tetan. U pribli\u017eno 70% slu\u010dajeva tijekom realizacije killchain-a, cyber kriminalci prodiru u infrastrukturu putem zlonamjernog softvera sadr\u017eanog u privicima ili putem phishing linkova u e-po\u0161ti.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vi\u0161e od antispama: kako izvu\u0107i maksimum iz Security Email Gateway\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/57a9c0158eed4e406fa69f07d93701d3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nPosljednjih godina jasno se nazire trend \u0161irenja socijalnog in\u017eenjeringa kao na\u010dina prodiranja unutar infrastrukture organizacije. Uspore\u0111uju\u0107i statistiku iz 2017. i 2018. godine, bilje\u017eimo gotovo 50-postotni porast slu\u010dajeva kada je zlonamjerni softver isporu\u010den na ra\u010dunala zaposlenika upravo putem privitaka ili phishing linkova unutar tijela poruke. <\/p>\n<p>Cjelokupni spektar prijetnji koje se mogu realizirati putem e-po\u0161te mo\u017ee se podijeliti u nekoliko kategorija:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ulazni spam <\/li>\n<li>uklju\u010divanje ra\u010dunala organizacije u bot mre\u017eu koja \u0161alje izlazni spam<\/li>\n<li>zlonamjerni privici i virusi unutar tijela e-po\u0161te (mala poduze\u0107a naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e pate od masovnih napada tipa Petya). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZa za\u0161titu od svih vrsta napada mo\u017ee se ili razviti nekoliko sustava za\u0161tite, ili oti\u0107i putem uslu\u017enog modela. Ve\u0107 smo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/solarsecurity\/blog\/465877\/\">govorili<\/a><\/noindex> o Jedinstvenoj platformi usluga kiberneti\u010dke sigurnosti \u2013 jezgru ekosustava upravljanih usluga kiberneti\u010dke sigurnosti Solar MSS. Izme\u0111u ostalog, uklju\u010duje i virtualiziranu tehnologiju Secure Email Gateway (SEG). Obi\u010dno, pretplatu na ovu uslugu kupuju mala poduze\u0107a, gdje su sve IT i IB funkcije prenesene na jednu osobu \u2013 sistemskog administratora. Spam je problem koji je uvijek na oku korisnika i uprave, a ne rje\u0161avati ga nije opcija. Me\u0111utim, s vremenom postaje jasno \u010dak i upravi da jednostavno 'baciti' to administratoru ne funkcioni\u0161e \u2013 oduzima previ\u0161e vremena. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vi\u0161e od antispama: kako izvu\u0107i maksimum iz Security Email Gateway\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/a42e94fe1d2b5ed0976d27fe1b070ea1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>2 sata na pregled e-po\u0161te \u2014 to je previ\u0161e<\/h2>\n<p>\nSli\u010dnu situaciju imala je jedan od na\u0161ih trgovaca. Sustavi za pra\u0107enje radnog vremena pokazali su da su njegovi zaposlenici svaki dan tro\u0161ili oko 25% radnog vremena (2 sata!) na pregled svog po\u0161tanskog sandu\u010di\u0107a. <\/p>\n<p>Povezav\u0161i klijentov mail server, postavili smo SEG instance kao dvosmjerni prolaz za dolaznu i odlaznu po\u0161tu. Pokrenuli smo filtriranje prema unaprijed postavljenim pravilima. Crnu listu sastavili smo na temelju analize podataka koje je klijent dostavio, kao i na\u0161ih vlastitih popisa potencijalno opasnih adresa dobivenih od stru\u010dnjaka Solar JSOC u okviru drugih usluga, poput nadzora incidenta sigurnosti. Nakon toga, sva po\u0161ta dostavljala se primateljima samo nakon \u010di\u0161\u0107enja, a razne spam poruke o \"ogromnim popustima\" prestale su pristizati u velikim koli\u010dinama na klijentove mail servere, osloba\u0111aju\u0107i prostor za druge potrebe. <\/p>\n<p>Me\u0111utim, bilo je situacija kada je legitimna poruka pogre\u0161no ozna\u010dena kao spam, na primjer, ako je primljena od nepoznatog po\u0161iljatelja. U tom slu\u010daju, pravo odlu\u010divanja prepustili smo klijentu. Opcija \u0161to u\u010diniti nije bila toliko mnogo: odmah brisati ili poslati u karantenu. Odabrali smo drugi put, pri \u010demu se takva ne\u017eeljena po\u0161ta \u010duva na samom SEG-u. Sistem administratoru omogu\u0107ili smo pristup web konzoli, gdje je u bilo kojem trenutku mogao prona\u0107i va\u017enu poruku, na primjer, od poslovnog partnera, i proslijediti je korisniku. <\/p>\n<h2>Osloba\u0111amo se parazita<\/h2>\n<p>\nU sklopu usluge za\u0161tite e-po\u0161te nalaze se analiti\u010dki izvje\u0161taji \u010dija je svrha kontrolirati sigurnost infrastrukture i u\u010dinkovitost primijenjenih postavki. Osim toga, ti izvje\u0161taji omogu\u0107uju prognozu trendova. Na primjer, nalazimo odgovaraju\u0107i odjeljak u izvje\u0161taju \"Spam po primatelju\" ili \"Spam po po\u0161iljatelju\" i gledamo na koju adresu dolazi najve\u0107i broj blokiranih poruka. <\/p>\n<p>Kada smo analizirali takav izvje\u0161taj, \u010dinilo nam se sumnjivim nagli porast ukupnog broja poruka kod jednog od klijenata. Njegova infrastruktura je mala, broj poruka nije velik. I odjednom, nakon radnog dana, broj blokiranog spama gotovo se udvostru\u010dio. Odlu\u010dili smo da obratimo ve\u0107u pa\u017enju.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vi\u0161e od antispama: kako izvu\u0107i maksimum iz Security Email Gateway\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/d59ba7406906b18634475a5ddc879c76.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPrimijetili smo da je porastao broj odlaznih e-poruka, a u svim su poljima \u201ePo\u0161iljatelj\u201d adrese s domene koja je povezana s uslugom za\u0161tite e-po\u0161te. No, postoji jedan detalj: me\u0111u posve normalnim, mo\u017eda \u010dak i postoje\u0107im, adresama nalaze se o\u010digledno sumnjive. Provjerili smo IP adrese s kojih su poslane e-poruke i, ba\u0161 kako smo o\u010dekivali, pokazalo se da ne pripadaju za\u0161ti\u0107enom adresnom opsegu. O\u010digledno, napada\u010d je slao spam u ime klijenta. <\/p>\n<p>U ovom slu\u010daju sastavili smo preporuke za klijenta o pravilnoj postavci DNS zapisa, konkretno SPF-a. Na\u0161 stru\u010dnjak je savjetovao da se kreira TXT zapis koji sadr\u017ei pravilo \u201ev=spf1 mx ip:1.2.3.4\/23 -all\u201d, koje sadr\u017ei iscrpan popis adresa kojima je dozvoljeno slati e-poruke u ime za\u0161ti\u0107ene domene. <\/p>\n<p>Uglavnom, za\u0161to je to va\u017eno: spam u ime nepoznate male tvrtke \u2014 to je neugodna situacija, ali nije kriti\u010dna. Sasvim je druga\u010dija situacija, na primjer, u bankarskoj industriji. Prema na\u0161im zapa\u017eanjima, tu se nivo povjerenja \u017ertve prema phishing e-poruci vi\u0161estruko pove\u0107ava ako je poslana navodno s domene druge banke ili poznatog partnera \u017ertve. I to ne razlikuje samo bankarske zaposlenike, u drugim industrijama \u2013 poput energetike \u2013 nailazimo na istu tendenciju. <\/p>\n<h2>Uni\u0161tavanje virusa<\/h2>\n<p>\nNo, spoofing nije tako \u010dest problem kao, primjerice, infekcije virusima. A kako se naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e bori s virusnim epidemijama? Postavljaju antivirusne programe i nadaju se da \u201eneprijatelj ne\u0107e pro\u0107i\u201d. No, da je sve tako jednostavno, s obzirom na relativno nisku cijenu antivirusa, svi bi ve\u0107 zaboravili na problem zlonamjernog softvera. Ipak, neprestano primamo zahtjeve tipa \u201epomozite nam vratiti datoteke, sve nam je \u0161ifrirano, rad stagnira, podaci su izgubljeni\u201d. Ne umijemo se obratiti klijentima, da antivirus nije \u010darobni \u0161tapi\u0107. Osim \u0161to antivirusne baze mo\u017eda nisu dovoljno brzo a\u017eurirane, \u010desto se susre\u0107emo s zlonamjernim softverom koji mo\u017ee zaobi\u0107i ne samo antiviruse, ve\u0107 i sandboxing. <\/p>\n<p>Na\u017ealost, malo tko me\u0111u obi\u010dnim zaposlenicima organizacija je svjestan phishing i zlonamjernih e-mailova te je sposobna razlikovati ih od obi\u010dne komunikacije. U prosjeku, svaki sedmi korisnik koji ne prolazi redovitu obuku o svijesti podlije\u017ee socijalnom in\u017eenjeringu: otvara zara\u017eenu datoteku ili \u0161alje svoje podatke napada\u010dima. <\/p>\n<p>Iako je socijalni vektor napada, u cjelini, postupno ja\u010dao, pro\u0161le godine taj trend postao je osobito uo\u010dljiv. Phishing e-mailovi postajali su sve sli\u010dniji uobi\u010dajenim promotivnim biltenima o akcijama, nadolaze\u0107im doga\u0111anjima itd. Ovdje se mo\u017ee prisjetiti napada Silence na financijski sektor \u2013 bankarskim zaposlenicima stizali su e-mailovi navodno s promo kodom za sudjelovanje na popularnoj industrijskoj konferenciji iFin, a postotak onih koji su nasjeli na tu prevaru bio je vrlo visok, iako, podsjetimo, govorimo o bankarskoj industriji \u2013 najnaprednijoj u pitanjima informati\u010dke sigurnosti. <\/p>\n<p>Prije pro\u0161log Nove godine tako\u0111er smo svjedo\u010dili nekoliko prili\u010dno bizarnih situacija, kada su zaposlenici industrijskih kompanija primili vrlo kvalitetne phishing e-mailove sa \"popisom\" novogodi\u0161njih akcija u popularnim internetskim trgovinama i s promo kodovima za popuste. Zaposlenici su ne samo sami poku\u0161avali kliktati na link, ve\u0107 su i proslje\u0111ivali e-mail kolegama iz povezanih organizacija. Budu\u0107i da je izvor na koji je vodio link u phishing e-mailu bio blokiran, zaposlenici su masovno slali zahtjeve IT slu\u017ebi za pristup tom resursu. Ukratko, uspjeh kampanje, moramo re\u0107i, nadma\u0161io je o\u010dekivanja napada\u010da. <\/p>\n<p>Nedavno nam se obratila jedna kompanija kojoj je '\u0161ifriran' sustav. Sve je po\u010delo kada je ra\u010dunovodstvo primilo e-mail navodno od Sredi\u0161nje banke Ruske Federacije. Ra\u010dunovo\u0111a je kliknuo na link u e-mailu \u2013 i preuzeo miner WannaMine na svoje ra\u010dunalo, koji je, sli\u010dno poznatom WannaCry, iskori\u0161tavao ranjivost EternalBlue. Najzanimljivije je da ve\u0107ina antivirusnih programa mo\u017ee detektirati njegove potpise jo\u0161 od po\u010detka 2018. godine. No, ili je antivirus bio isklju\u010den, ili baze podataka nisu a\u017eurirane, ili ga uop\u0107e nije bilo \u2013 u svakom slu\u010daju, miner je ve\u0107 bio na ra\u010dunalu, i ni\u0161ta mu nije smetalo da se dalje \u0161iri mre\u017eom, optere\u0107uju\u0107i CPU <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/server\/\"   title=\"poslu\u017eitelja\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1457\">poslu\u017eitelja<\/a> i RAM do 100%.<\/p>\n<p>Ovaj klijent, nakon \u0161to je primio izvje\u0161taj na\u0161e forenzi\u010dke grupe, shvatio je da je virus prvotno u\u0161ao putem e-po\u0161te i pokrenuo pilot projekt za uklju\u010divanje usluge za\u0161tite e-po\u0161te. Prvo \u0161to smo postavili bio je antivirus za e-po\u0161tu. Skeniranje na zlonamjerne programe odvija se kontinuirano, a a\u017euriranja potpisnika prvotno su se vr\u0161ila svaka sat vremena, a zatim je klijent pre\u0161ao na re\u017eim dvaput dnevno. <\/p>\n<p>Potpuna za\u0161tita od virusnih infekcija mora biti vi\u0161eslojna. Kada je rije\u010d o prijenosu virusa putem e-po\u0161te, potrebno je filtrirati takva pisma na ulazu, educirati korisnike da prepoznaju socijalni in\u017eenjering, a zatim se osloniti na antivirusne programe i sandboxe. <\/p>\n<h2>uvijek na stra\u017ei<\/h2>\n<p>\nNaravno, ne tvrdimo da su rje\u0161enja klase Secure Email Gateway panaceja. Ciljane napade, uklju\u010duju\u0107i i ciljano phishing, izuzetno je te\u0161ko sprije\u010diti, jer je svaki takav napad 'prilago\u0111en' konkretnom primatelju (organizaciji ili osobi). No, za tvrtku koja poku\u0161ava osigurati osnovnu razinu sigurnosti, to nije mala stvar, posebno uz pravilno primijenjeno iskustvo i stru\u010dnost.<\/p>\n<p>Naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e, prilikom provo\u0111enja ciljanog phishinga, tijelo poruka ne sadr\u017ei zlonamerne privitke, ina\u010de bi sustav protiv spama odmah blokirao takvo pismo na putu do primatelja. Umjesto toga, u tekst poruke uklju\u010duju linkove na unaprijed pripremljenu web stranicu, a tada je ostatak stvar malog. Korisnik prelazi preko linka, a zatim kroz nekoliko preusmjerenja za nekoliko sekundi dolazi na posljednji iz cijelog lanca, \u010dije otvaranje u\u010ditava zlonamjerni program na njegov ra\u010dunar. <\/p>\n<p>\u010cak i sofisticiranije: u trenutku primanja pisma link mo\u017ee biti bezopasan, a tek nakon odre\u0111enog vremena, kada je ve\u0107 skeniran i propu\u0161ten, po\u010dinje preusmjeravati na zlonamjerni sadr\u017eaj. Na\u017ealost, stru\u010dnjaci Solar JSOC, \u010dak i uzimaju\u0107i u obzir njihove kompetencije, ne mogu postaviti e-po\u0161tanski posrednik tako da 'vidi' zlonamerne programe kroz cijeli lanac (iako kao za\u0161titu mogu koristiti automatsku zamjenu svih linkova u porukama na SEG, kako bi potonji skenirao link ne samo u trenutku isporuke poruke, nego pri svakom odlasku). <\/p>\n<p>U me\u0111uvremenu, \u010dak i s tipi\u010dnim preusmjeravanjem, agregacija raznih vrsta stru\u010dnosti, uklju\u010duju\u0107i podatke koje dobivamo iz na\u0161eg JSOC CERT-a i OSINT-a, poma\u017ee u suo\u010davanju s problemima. To omogu\u0107ava formiranje opse\u017enih crnih lista na temelju kojih \u0107e \u010dak i e-mail s vi\u0161estrukim preusmjeravanjem biti blokiran. <\/p>\n<p>Kori\u0161tenje SEG-a samo je mali kamen\u010di\u0107 u zidu koji svaka organizacija \u017eeli izgraditi za za\u0161titu svojih sredstava. Me\u0111utim, to je poveznica koju je potrebno ispravno smjestiti u cjelokupnu sliku, jer se i SEG, uz pravilnu konfiguraciju, mo\u017ee pretvoriti u potpuno funkcionalno sredstvo za\u0161tite. <\/p>\n<p><i>Ksenija Sadu\u0161ina, savjetnica odjela stru\u010dnog presales-a proizvoda i usluga Solar JSOC<\/i><br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/solarsecurity\/blog\/477362\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 Enterprise \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0448\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 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