{"id":53315,"date":"2019-11-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-28T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/active-restore-mozhet-li-avarijnoe-vosstanovlenie-proishodit-bystree-namnogo-bystree"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:12","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:12","slug":"active-restore-mozhet-li-avarijnoe-vosstanovlenie-proishodit-bystree-namnogo-bystree","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/hr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/active-restore-mozhet-li-avarijnoe-vosstanovlenie-proishodit-bystree-namnogo-bystree","title":{"rendered":"Active Restore: mo\u017ee li se hitno obnoviti br\u017ee? Puno br\u017ee?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Izrada sigurnosnih \u043a\u043e\u043fija va\u017enih podataka je dobra stvar. No, \u0161to ako treba odmah nastaviti s radom, a svaka minuta je va\u017ena? U Acronisu smo odlu\u010dili provjeriti koliko je mogu\u0107e brzo pokrenuti sustav. Ovo je prvi post iz serije Active Restore, u kojem \u0107u objasniti kako smo zapo\u010deli projekt s Univerzitetom Innopolis, koje rje\u0161enje smo prona\u0161li i na \u010demu trenutno radimo. Detalji su u nastavku.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Active Restore: mo\u017ee li se hitno obnoviti br\u017ee? Puno br\u017ee?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/14e18cf97e38df10a2dcce530be99122.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex> <br \/>\nPozdrav! Moje ime je Daulat Tumbaev i danas \u017eelim podijeliti svoje iskustvo u razvoju sustava koji ubrzava oporavak nakon havarije. Kako bih ispri\u010dao \u010ditav put razvoja projekta, krenut \u0107emo malo unatrag. Trenutno radim u Acronisu, ali tako\u0111er sam alumnus Univerziteta Innopolis, koji sam zavr\u0161io na master programu \"Upravljanje razvojem softvera\" (poznatom kao MSIT-SE). Innopolis je mladi univerzitet, a nastavne programe su jo\u0161 mla\u0111i. Me\u0111utim, temelje se na nastavnim planovima Univerziteta Carnegie Mellon, \u010dije su istra\u017eiva\u010dke teme uklju\u010divale industrijske projekte. <\/p>\n<p>Cilj industrijskog projekta je uroniti studenta u pravu razvojnu situaciju i u\u010dvrstiti ste\u010deno znanje u praksi. U tu svrhu univerzitet sura\u0111uje s tvrtkama kao \u0161to su Yandex, Acronis, MTC i mnogim drugima (do 2018. godine, institucija je imala 144 partnera). Tijekom suradnje, tvrtke nude univerzitetu svoje radne projekte, a studenti biraju jedan od projekata koji ih najvi\u0161e zanima i koji odgovara njihovoj razini pripremljenosti. Prije samo dvije godine, bio sam \"s druge strane barikada\" i radio kao student na drugom Acronis projektu. Me\u0111utim, ovaj put postao sam tehni\u010dki savjetnik studentima sa strane tvrtke i predlo\u017eio sam projekt Active Restore. Sama ideja Active Restore formulirana je od strane Kernel tima u Acronisu, ali razvoj rje\u0161enja zapo\u010deo je u suradnji s Univerzitetom Innopolis.<\/p>\n<h3>Active Restore \u2013 za\u0161to je to potrebno?<\/h3>\n<p>\nTradicionalni oporavak nakon havarije funkcionira prema standardnoj shemi. Nakon neugodnosti s ra\u010dunalom, ulazite u web su\u010delje nekog sustava za izradu sigurnosnih kopija, na primjer, Acronis True Image, i pritisnete veliki gumb \"opraviti\". Zatim treba pri\u010dekati N minuta, i tek nakon toga mo\u0107i \u0107ete nastaviti s radom.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Active Restore: mo\u017ee li se hitno obnoviti br\u017ee? Puno br\u017ee?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ffd0d3248f6a625831270af42b58f80d.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nProblem je u tome \u0161to je to broj N, poznat i kao RTO (ciljno vrijeme oporavka), dozvoljeno vrijeme oporavka, koje mo\u017ee biti prili\u010dno impresivno i ovisi o brzini povezivanja (ako se oporavlja iz oblaka), o kapacitetu tvrdog diska va\u0161eg ra\u010dunala i nizu drugih faktora. Mogu li ga smanjiti? Da, mogu, jer za nastavak rada nije uvijek neophodan cjelokupni disk ra\u010dunala. Isto tako, fotografije i videa ne utje\u010du na funkcionalnost ure\u0111aja i mogu se preuzeti kasnije u pozadini. <\/p>\n<h3>Potreban voza\u010d...<\/h3>\n<p>\nOperacijski sustav se oslanja na pokretanje s potpuno spremnim diskom. Stoga Windows provodi niz provjera integriteta diska. Sustav ne\u0107e dopustiti normalno pokretanje u slu\u010daju nedostatka ili o\u0161te\u0107enja nekih datoteka koje OS o\u010dekuje prona\u0107i. Za rje\u0161avanje ovog problema odlu\u010deno je da se na disk postave tzv. datoteke-usmjeriva\u010di koje zamjenjuju nedostaju\u0107e ili o\u0161te\u0107ene datoteke, ali zapravo su prazne. Izraditi takve usmjeriva\u010de nije dugotrajno, jer zapravo nemaju nikakvog sadr\u017eaja. <\/p>\n<p>Nakon toga oporavak se odvija na sljede\u0107i na\u010din. U pozadinskom procesu, paralelno s radom operacijskog sustava, \"praznine\" se ispunjavaju podacima. Proces pozadinskog oporavka uzima u obzir optere\u0107enje diska i ne prema\u0161uje postavljeni limit. Me\u0111utim, korisnik ili sam operacijski sustav mogu iznenada zatra\u017eiti datoteku koja jo\u0161 nije dostupna. Tu u igru ulazi drugi re\u017eim oporavka. Prioritet zatra\u017eene datoteke se pove\u0107ava na maksimalni, a proces oporavka hitno u\u010ditava datoteku na disk. Operacijski sustav dobiva potrebnu datoteku, iako s malim ka\u0161njenjem. <\/p>\n<p>Tako izgleda idealna slika. Me\u0111utim, u stvarnom svijetu, postoji ogroman broj skrivenih zamki i potencijalnih mrtvih to\u010daka. Zajedno sa studentima iz Innopolisa odlu\u010dili smo istra\u017eiti ovaj scenarij oporavka, procijeniti dobitak u RTO-u i razumjeti je li takav pristup izvediv? Jer sli\u010dna rje\u0161enja na tr\u017ei\u0161tu jednostavno nisu postojala u to vrijeme.<\/p>\n<p>I dok sam servisni dio odlu\u010dio prepustiti de\u010dkima iz Innopolisa, unutar Acronisa je zapo\u010deo rad na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-hardware\/drivers\/ifs\/file-system-minifilter-drivers&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1574830326626000&amp;usg=AFQjCNHTjhYKohofWzxWVMH1osZesX1DPg\">mini-filter drajveru datote\u010dnog sustava<\/a><\/noindex>. Ovime se bavi tim Windows Kernel. Plan je bio sljede\u0107i: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pokrenuti drajver u ranoj fazi pokretanja OS-a, <\/li>\n<li>Tokom rada, kada <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows-hardware\/drivers\/gettingstarted\/user-mode-and-kernel-mode&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1574830326627000&amp;usg=AFQjCNHxcMlVkRC4HMEw4BTrX2tB0DNALA\">user space<\/a><\/noindex> bud\u0435 potpuno spreman, u\u010ditati servis<\/li>\n<li>Servis obra\u0111uje zahteve drajvera i koordinira njegov dalji rad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Active Restore: mo\u017ee li se hitno obnoviti br\u017ee? Puno br\u017ee?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/9f144da3317bbf894ab111f233d8ca8b.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Suptilnosti izrade drajvera<\/h3>\n<p>\nAko \u0107e o servisu moji kolege govoriti u drugom postu, u ovom tekstu \u0107emo razjasniti suptilnosti razvoja drajvera. Ve\u0107 razvijeni mini-filter drajver ima dva re\u017eima rada \u2013 kada je sistem pokrenut u normalnom re\u017eimu i kada je sistem upravo pretrpeo kvar i trenutno se obnavlja. Pre nego \u0161to po\u010dne u\u010ditavanje korisni\u010dkih biblioteka i aplikacija, a samim tim i na\u0161eg servisa, drajver se pona\u0161a isto. Ne zna u kojem se stanju trenutno nalazi sistem. Kao rezultat toga, svaki create, read i write se protokoliraju, svi metapodaci se bele\u017ee. A kada servis bude online, drajver pru\u017ea te informacije servisu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Active Restore: mo\u017ee li se hitno obnoviti br\u017ee? Puno br\u017ee?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/d5f5a75bbce403ad98907ebcc7605883.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nU slu\u010daju obi\u010dnog pokretanja, servis \u0161alje drajveru signal \u201cRelax\u201d, kako bi se \u201copustio\u201d i prestao pomno protokolirati sve podatke. U ovom slu\u010daju drajver prelazi na protokolisanje samo promena na disku i obave\u0161tava servis, koji sa drugim Acronis alatima odr\u017eava bekap diska u maksimalno aktuelnom stanju na mediju koji je korisnik odredio. To mo\u017ee biti obla\u010dno, udaljeno, postepeno ili no\u0107no rezervno kopiranje. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Active Restore: mo\u017ee li se hitno obnoviti br\u017ee? Puno br\u017ee?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/c383fa09eaf2956d6d8aa1aad9114bb3.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nAko se aktivira re\u017eim oporavka, servis obave\u0161tava drajver da je potrebno raditi u re\u017eimu \u201cRecovery\u201d. Sistem se upravo oporavio od kvara, i \u010dim da zahtev za otvaranje datoteke na disku, mini-filter mora da presretne ovu operaciju, sam da izvr\u0161i taj zahtev, proveri da li takva datoteka postoji na disku i mo\u017ee li se otvoriti. <\/p>\n<p>U slu\u010daju nedostatka datoteke, mini-filter prenosi ovu informaciju servisu, koji pove\u0107ava prioritet vra\u0107anja datoteke (sve to vreme u pozadini se vr\u0161i vra\u0107anje). Tako da ova datoteka jednostavno ska\u010de na po\u010detak reda \u010dekanja. Nakon toga, servis sam (ili drugim sredstvima Acronis) vra\u0107a ovu datoteku i obave\u0161tava drajver da je sve u redu, sada operativni sistem mo\u017ee da joj pristupa i drajver 'pusti' originalni zahtev, od sistema ka disku. <\/p>\n<p>Ako obnova nije mogu\u0107a, servis obave\u0161tava drajver da datoteka nije ni u rezervnoj kopiji. Na\u0161 mini-filter drajver jednostavno propu\u0161ta sistemski zahtev dalje, tako da originalni zahteva\u010d (sam OS ili aplikacija) dobija gre\u0161ku 'datoteka nije prona\u0111ena'. Ipak, to je sasvim normalno, ako datoteka zaista nije postojala na disku i u rezervnoj kopiji.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Active Restore: mo\u017ee li se hitno obnoviti br\u017ee? Puno br\u017ee?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/e6c53a237ed1e41f2a1bdb6493f0c9b1.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNaravno, operativni sistem \u0107e raditi mnogo sporije, jer \u010ditanje bilo koje datoteke ili biblioteke prolazi kroz vi\u0161e faza, \u0161to mo\u017eda uklju\u010duje pristup udaljenim resursima. Ali korisnik mo\u017ee da zapo\u010dne rad u najkra\u0107em roku, dok se obnova jo\u0161 uvek vr\u0161i.<\/p>\n<h3>Treba ni\u017ee, jo\u0161 ni\u017ee\u2026<\/h3>\n<p>\nPrototip je potvrdio svoju funkcionalnost. Ali smo tako\u0111e otkrili potrebu da idemo dalje, jer se u nekim slu\u010dajevima i dalje javljaju mrtve petlje. Na primer, operativni sistem mo\u017ee tra\u017eiti razli\u010dite biblioteke u vi\u0161e struja, \u0161to dovodi do zaklju\u010davanja na\u0161eg servisa na samog sebe. <\/p>\n<p>Problem koji trenutno istra\u017eujem je pobolj\u0161anje brzine Active Restore-a i pove\u0107anje razine sigurnosti sustava. Pretpostavimo da sustavu nije potreban cijeli datoteka, ve\u0107 samo njezin dio. Zbog toga je razvijen jo\u0161 jedan drajver - filter-drajver diska. On ne radi na razini datoteka, ve\u0107 na razini blokova. Na\u010din rada je sli\u010dan: u normalnom na\u010dinu rada drajver jednostavno protokolira promijenjene blokove na disku, a u na\u010dinu oporavka poku\u0161ava sam pro\u010ditati blok, a u slu\u010daju neuspjeha zatra\u017ei od servisa pove\u0107anje prioriteta. Pri tome sve ostale dijelove sustava ostaju nepromijenjeni. Na primjer, servis razine OS \u010dak niti ne sumnja da mu se nudi komunikacija s drugim drajverom, jer je glavna zada\u0107a pru\u017eiti OS-u upravo one podatke koji su potrebni za funkcioniranje. Ova oblast zahtijeva zna\u010dajne dorade, barem zbog toga \u0161to servis jo\u0161 ne zna razmi\u0161ljati na razini blokova.<\/p>\n<p>Sljede\u0107i korak bio je odlu\u010diti pokrenuti drajver dublje i ranije, prelaze\u0107i na razinu UEFI drajvera i Native Windows aplikacija umjesto servisa. Za to je razvijen <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/edk2-docs.gitbooks.io\/edk-ii-uefi-driver-writer-s-guide\/3_foundation\/37_uefi_images\/372_drivers.html\">UEFI boot drajver<\/a><\/noindex> (ili DXE drajver), koji se pokre\u0107e i umire jo\u0161 prije pokretanja OS-a. No, 'pri\u010du' o UEFI drajverima, detalje o izradi i instalaciji, kao i specifi\u010dnosti Windows Native aplikacija, razmotrit \u0107emo u sljede\u0107em postu. Stoga se pretplatite na na\u0161 blog, a ja \u0107u pripremiti pri\u010du o sljede\u0107em etapu radova. Bit \u0107u zahvalan za va\u0161e komentare i savjete.<\/p>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Samo registrirani korisnici mogu sudjelovati u anketi. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">Prijavite se<\/a><\/noindex>, molimo.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">Jeste li ikada imali situacije kada je oporavak trajao mu\u010dno dugo:<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"poll-result\">\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent  poll-result__data-percent_winner\">65.1%<\/strong>Da28<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">23.2%<\/strong>Ne10<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"poll-result__item\">\n<p>                <strong class=\"poll-result__data-percent\">11.6%<\/strong>Nisam razmi\u0161ljao5<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    Glasalo je 43 korisnika. Suzdr\u017ealo se 3 korisnika.<br \/>\n<br \/>Izvor: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/acronis\/blog\/477658\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e. \u041d\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443, \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0430? \u041c\u044b \u0432 Acronis \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0418 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 Active Restore, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0418\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0441, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e. \u041d\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443, \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0430? 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